江苏省无锡市梁溪区（市北高级中学）2024-2025学年高一年级第二学期3月阶段测试英语（春卷）
一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）
With iconic landmarks (地标) and architectural marvels, Seattle is one of the best places to visit in the Pacific Northwest. The following best-selling tours will make your trip a trip to remember.Sightseeing Bus Tour
☆3.6 (647 reviews)
This tour will give you the chance to see the highlights of Seattle at your own pace. With a one-day or two-day ticket, you can hop on and hop off the open-top double-decker bus at any stop and listen to an audio guide throughout the journey.Chef Guided Food Tour
☆4.9 Exceptional (902 reviews)
This chef-guided food tour will take you to explore Seattle’s food culture in two hours. You will start with a bite of yogurt featuring local dairy. Next, you stop by for a quick snack of dried apples and cherries, followed by tasting a cup of award-winning thick soup. You will also learn where the chefs get their produce from, and see the production of cheese on-site.Harbour Cruise Tour
☆4.7 Exceptional (730 reviews)
Starting from Seattle’s central waterfront, this one-hour Seattle harbour cruise will take you along the shoreline, enjoying views of the Seattle skyline. You’ll view the Seattle Great Wheel, Seattle Aquarium, Olympic Sculpture Park and Myrtle Edwards Park from the boat. Additionally, you’ll see the Olympic Mountain range and a 14,410-feet-tall volcano, located 60 miles southeast of Seattle.Underground History Tour
☆4.6 Fabulous (1224 reviews)
This two-hour, small-group tour will take you into the attractive world beneath Seattle’s streets. You’ll travel along the underground pathways constructed over a century ago and learn interesting details about Seattle’s early history from your knowledgeable guide.
1．Which tour is the best choice if you are a foodie
A．Underground History Tour. B．Chef Guided Food Tour.
C．Harbour Cruise Tour. D．Sightseeing Bus Tour.
2．What can visitors do in the Harbour Cruise Tour
A．Admire various landmarks. B．Go on a hike.
C．Learn Seattle’s history. D．Listen to an audio guide.
3．What’s the text
A．A blog post. B．A travel journal.
C．A tour advertisement. D．A news report.
My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned“ pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world.
We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options. There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world, but we tried our luck, sent a request, and to our surprise landed a three- month job in Grenada, so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits.
Inspired by a Canadian couple, we decided to start our own travel blog. We began by writing about The Virgin Islands, highlighting the beautiful beaches. However, for every photo album of a beautiful beach, there were 10 photos of trash (垃圾). It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches. So, we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.
The more we looked into plastic pollution, the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution. From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic- free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging.
It’s been over three years now and we continue to do what we can. This journey has led us to some amazing places, working with great brands and even organizing a country- wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.
Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like- minded people. It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed
4．Why did the author do pet sitting
A．To raise fund. B．To protect the environment.
C．To shoot beautiful beaches. D．To cover travel spending.
5．What does the author intend to convey through her story
A．Action should be taken to fight plastic pollution.
B．The Caribbean is an ideal travel destination.
C．Travel blog is a superb way to gain popularity.
D．Pet sitting is a new type of occupation.
6．How did the author find her experience in the Caribbean
A．Terrible. B．Challenging. C．Adventurous. D．Significant.
7．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Changing Lifestyles by Pet Sitting.
B．Dealing with Global Environment Pollution.
C．Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel.
D．The Availability of Pet Sitting in the Caribbean.
There’s a new AI bot: ChatGPT, and you’d better pay attention, even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence. The tool is an AI chat bot system that OpenAI released in November 2022 to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can achieve.
ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习).
You can ask ChatGPT anything, like explaining physics, asking for birthday party ideas and getting programming help. Perhaps it’s not smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative. A few days after its launch, more than I million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.
ChatGPT is free to use at the moment because it is still in its research phase. But when too many people hop onto the server, it overloads and can’t process your request. It just means you should try visiting the site at a later time when fewer people are trying to access it. If you want to skip the wait and have reliable access, there is an option for you. As of Feb. 1, 2023, OpenAI has aChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20/month.
However, ChatGPT can not replace Google. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence robot that provides solutions to your questions, but Google is a search engine in which you can search for as much information as possible. ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day.
8．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT
A．Its language model. B．Its working theory.
C．Its design inspiration. D．Its development process.
9．Why does the author list figures in paragraph 3
A．To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B．To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C．To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
D．To prove the necessity of developing tools for chatting online.
10．What is ChatGPT Plus intended for
A．Providing solutions to any question.
B．Guiding users to experience free services.
C．Searching for a huge amount of information.
D．Giving users priority access during peak hours.
11．What is a limitation of ChatGPT compared with Google
A．It operates based on limited data.
B．It needs longer to provide solutions.
C．It can only update information at a fixed time.
D．It may provide replies unrelated to the questions.
For 100 years, chemists have tried to create plastics that can break down in seawater. Most plastics take hundreds of years to disappear in the ocean. But now, scientists have made a new plastic that can break down in seawater in weeks, not centuries.
Back in the 1930s, scientists made a plastic called PLA from corn and potato starch (淀粉). PLA is a polymer (聚合物), a molecule (分子) made of many small monomers (单体) linked together. PLA breaks down quickly in compost pits (堆肥坑) but stays strong in seawater. Even after three years in the ocean, PLA remains almost unchanged.
Timo is a PhD student of the University of Twente, whose work on polymers has focused on boosting PLA’s breakdown. He and his team added some RNA-inspired breaking points to the polymer chain where the monomers in the PLA molecules are linked. These breaking points help seawater break the chain faster. The team also tested different versions of PLA in artificial seawater. The expected final product of PLA’s breakdown was a small molecule called lactic acid. So, they tested for that too.
As the team had hoped, seawater attacked the weakened links between monomers, tearing the polymer chain apart. The more breaking points the researchers added to the polymer, the faster the PLA broke down. When 15% of the links were weakened, PLA broke down completely in two weeks. With only 3% weak links, it took two years. This suggests the team can design how quickly PLA will break down in water by adjusting how many weakened links it has.
Mehlika teaches biomedical engineering at Istanbul Gelisim University. She, too, has studied environmental breakdown of PLA．“It’s a new approach, and is also” a preliminary study,” Mehlika says. So, more testing must follow. Scientists want to know how the strength of the new PLA compares to old PLA: Timo agrees. “You need a lot of material to start those studies,” he adds. And so far, his team has made only small amounts of the modified PLA．
Mehlika notes Timo’s team also tested the breakdown of its PLA in artificial seawater “I wonder if they checked the water for pollution,” she adds. If there were microbes (微生物), those microbes may have produced molecules called enzymes that sped up the PLA’s degradation.
12．What can we learn about PLA from the passage
A．Lactic acid prevents the breakdown of PLA．
B．PLA breaks down faster in artificial seawater.
C．PLA’s breakdown relies on breaking polymer chains.
D．Compost pits are the best places for PLA’s breakdown.
13．What does the underlined word “preliminary” in Paragraph 7 probably mean
A．Systematic. B．easy. C．thorough. D．Early-stage.
14．What is Mehlika’s attitude towards the findings of the Dutch team
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Optimistic. D．Cautious.
15．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs
A．Mehlika is confident about the application of the new PLA．
B．The cleanness of water also affects the breakdown of PLA．
C．The new PLA has better strength than the old PLA．
D．The new PLA have been produced in large amounts.
Being underslept has a long list of disadvantages.Without enough sleep, we set ourselves up for the risk of anxiety,weight gain,or even worse. So if you are just ready to change your sleeping habits overall, what can you do It turns out that nighttime rituals (习惯) can only take you so far. 16 Here are three things you can do during the day to sleep better tonight
● 17
Hard as it may be to fit a workout routine into your day, it’s worth it. Exercise may help promote good sleep in two ways. 18 This alone may contribute to good sleep. In addition, exercise can physically tire you out.Regular exercise improves the quality of sleep, helps people fall asleep faster and even helps people sleep a little longer
● Open the blinds(窗帘), or better yet, go outside!
Try to start your day with sunlight. Open the blinds. And if you can, go outside for at least 20 minutes in the early to mid-morning hours. Daylight is one of the most powerful resetters of our 24-hour clock.
When daylight comes through the eyes, it actually stops melatonin (褪黑素) producing. Your brain now realizes, “Oh, it must be daytime.” 19
● Make your bedroom a screen-free, peaceful place.
20 But these electronics can expose us to a type of light known as blue light which can negatively influence our sleep. So really try to read from an old-fashioned book or paper magazine at bedtime. Normally when the sun goes down and the lights turn off, our body produces melatonin, which helps us get a nice sleep. But when we have all this artificial light on,it's tricking our brain into thinking it’s still daytime.
A．Move your body and get tired
B．Exercise regularly and sleep early.
C．Lots of us are attached to our devices (设备).
D．It’s your body’s natural wake-up call.
E．Physical activity is known to reduce anxiety.
F．Daylight in the morning tends to lead to better sleep at night.
G．Getting good sleep is very much dependent on your daytime routines.
二、完形填空（本大题共1小题）
It had been a long week. I’d had people working over three days to 21 floors. Water damage had caused the floors to rot (腐烂). It turned out to be a much 22 job than I had hoped. It was finally done, but it ate up almost all my 23 .
I was walking in the rain 24 all of this. It seemed like life was a long series of one 25 after another. I sighed and spoke to myself, “Why is the life so 26 at times ”
Just as those words left my lips, I 27 something in the mud. It was a penny. My mind 28 to memories of my Mom. She had battled cancer for years, but she remained 29 . One day when we were walking together, she saw a penny on the ground. She 30 it up and told me that a found penny was a sign of good luck. When the cancer finally took her from this world, I was 31 . On the day we buried her, I was drowning in great 32 . But then as I was about to go home, I saw a penny on the road. And since then I have 33 hundreds of them over the years.
The moment I thought of my Mom, I felt that my problems seemed 34 . I smiled, put the penny in my pocket and pledged (发誓) to try and live a 35 and meaningful life as my Mom had. I promised to try and be a shining penny myself in this world.
21．A．clean B．repair C．paint D．decorate
22．A．easier B．better C．bigger D．safer
23．A．savings B．sufferings C．findings D．settings
24．A．dreaming of B．begging for C．getting over D．thinking about
25．A．chance B．problem C．activity D．stage
26．A．short B．boring C．tough D．strange
27．A．saw B．missed C．checked D．dropped
28．A．held on B．lived up C．looked forward D．flashed back
29．A．independent B．modest C．optimistic D．faithful
30．A．picked B．fixed C．hung D．used
31．A．regretful B．heartbroken C．confused D．apologetic
32．A．anger B．anxiety C．fear D．sorrow
33．A．delivered B．produced C．found D．donated
34．A．small B．serious C．embarrassing D．unexpected
35．A．normal B．positive C．peaceful D．private
三、语法填空（本大题共11小题）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填上一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Environmental protection has become 36 crucial issue 37 (global). 38 the rapid development of industry, our planet 39 (face) various challenges over the last few decades.
One of the most serious problems is pollution. Factories release a large amount of waste gas and wastewater, 40 has a harmful effect on the air and water quality. To solve this problem, strict laws and regulations should 41 (make) to limit the emissions of pollutants.
Moreover, people’s awareness of environmental protection also plays a significant role. We can start from small things in our daily lives, such as reducing waste and 42 (recycle) materials. In addition, donations to environmental protection organizations can also contribute to the cause.
Protecting wild animals is another important aspect. Many species are in danger of 43 (extinct) due to habitat destruction and illegal hunting. We should take measures 44 (protect) their habitats and stop illegal activities.
In conclusion, only by taking action together can we protect our environment and ensure a sustainable future for 45 (our). Let’s all make efforts to make our planet a better place.
46．Rodney had no opportunities to (far) his education.(所给词的适当形式填空)
47．She decided to move to the countryside for (variety) reasons. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48．The parking areas in the town are few, but (strategical) placed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49．The (apply) has experience in teaching and, more relevantly, in industry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50．The (chief) of different tribes gathered together to discuss important matters about their lands and people. (所给词的适当形式填空)
51．According to World Bank figures, 41 percent of Brazilians live in absolute (poor). (所给词的适当形式填空)
52．The letter was not addressed to me but I opened it out of (curious). (所给词的适当形式填空)
53．He was unable to contain his own (destroy) feelings. （所给词的适当形式填空）
54．The plan (build) new bridge is under discussion. (所给词的适当形式填空)
55．Though not officially (confirm), the rumor about the company’s merger has spread widely in the business circle. (所给词的适当形式填空)
四、翻译（本大题共5小题）
56．我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。 (breathe life into) (汉译英)
57．构建人类命运共同体是我们的责任。 (it作形式主语) (汉译英)
58．她没想到请人帮忙。 (occur to) (汉译英)
59．我们需要时间了解项目的所有进展情况。 (inform) (汉译英)
60．我匆忙地赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。 (不定式作结果状语) (汉译英)
五、书信写作（本大题共1小题）
61．近年来，环境污染问题日益严重，全球气候变暖导致极端天气频现。假定你是李华，请代表学生会向全校学生写一份倡议书，呼吁大家从身边小事做起，共同保护环境。
要点包括：
1. 倡议的背景；
2. 倡议的具体内容：
3. 发出呼吁。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
参考答案
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C
【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍西雅图的旅游亮点以及四种旅游项目。
【解析】1．细节理解题。由文章Chef Guided Food Tour部分中的“This chef-guided food tour will take you to explore Seattle’s food culture in two hours. (这次由厨师带领的美食之旅将带您在两个小时内探索西雅图的美食文化。)”可知，如果你是一个美食爱好者，Chef Guided Food Tour是你最好的选择。故选B。
2．细节理解题。由文章Harbour Cruise Tour部分中的“You’ll view the Seattle Great Wheel, Seattle Aquarium, Olympic Sculpture Park and Myrtle Edwards Park from the boat. (您将从船上看到西雅图摩天轮、西雅图水族馆、奥林匹克雕塑公园和默特尔爱德华兹公园。)”可知，游客在Harbour Cruise Tour中可以欣赏到各种地标性建筑。故选A。
3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“With iconic landmarks (地标) and architectural marvels, Seattle is one of the best places to visit in the Pacific Northwest. The following best-selling tours will make your trip a trip to remember. (西雅图拥有标志性的地标和建筑奇迹，是太平洋西北地区最好的旅游胜地之一。以下最畅销的旅游将使您的旅行难忘。)”可知，本文介绍西雅图的旅游亮点以及四种旅游项目，本文主要是为旅游项目做广告，吸引游客参与。故选C。
【答案】4．D 5．A 6．D 7．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者夫妇通过宠物寄养的方式旅行，并在此过程中发现了塑料污染问题，从而开始利用自己的旅行博客提高人们对塑料污染的认识，并采取行动减少塑料使用的故事。
【解析】4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned “pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world. (我和丈夫一直想去加勒比海，但我们对这些岛屿知之甚少，也不知道怎么负担得起这次旅行。碰巧，我们在澳大利亚的一个朋友提到了“宠物寄养”，并且说这是可以在世界各地做的事情”)”及第二段“We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options. There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world, but we tried our luck, sent a request, and to our surprise landed a three-month job in Grenada, so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits. (我们很快在一个宠物寄养网站上创建了一个账户，并开始寻找选择。在那个地区只有少数几个宠物寄养的机会，但我们碰碰运气，发出了请求，令人惊讶的是，我们在格林纳达得到了一份为期三个月的工作，所以我们这一年将会被加勒比海的宠物寄养占据)”可知，作者夫妇通过做宠物寄养来覆盖旅行的花费。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches. So, we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks. (很难忽视塑料污染的问题，尤其是在这样原始而偏远的海滩上。于是，我们开始分享我们看到的垃圾的照片，以及我们在每天遛狗时能捡起多少垃圾)”及第五段“From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging. (从那时起，我们利用我们的平台提高人们的意识，并强调拒绝使用塑料和无塑料旅行的方法。我们改变了日常生活习惯、生活方式，甚至饮食习惯，以适应更多的有机食品和很少或没有塑料包装的食物)”可以推断，作者通过她的故事想要传达的信息是应该采取行动对抗塑料污染。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like-minded people. It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed (我们现在的目标是继续前进。我们喜欢与志同道合的人交流。这是一段由关于宠物寄养的对话引发的精彩几年。谁能想到呢)”可知，作者认为这段经历是非常有意义的。故选D项。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned “pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world. (我和丈夫一直想去加勒比海，但我们对这些岛屿知之甚少，也不知道怎么负担得起这次旅行。碰巧，我们在澳大利亚的一个朋友提到了“宠物寄养”，并且说这是可以在世界各地做的事情”)”、第五段“From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging. (从那时起，我们利用我们的平台提高人们的意识，并强调拒绝使用塑料和无塑料旅行的方法。我们改变了日常生活习惯、生活方式，甚至饮食习惯，以适应更多的有机食品和很少或没有塑料包装的食物)”以及最后一段“Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like-minded people. It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed (我们现在的目标是继续前进。我们喜欢与志同道合的人交流。这是一段由关于宠物寄养的对话引发的精彩几年。谁能想到呢)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者夫妇通过宠物寄养的方式旅行，并在旅行中发现了塑料污染问题，进而利用自己的旅行博客提高人们对塑料污染的认识，并采取行动减少塑料使用的故事。因此，选项C“Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel.(从宠物寄养旅行中获得的意外收获)”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．D 11．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT的出现，市场反应，并对它的优点及弊端进行分析。
【解析】8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习). (ChatGPT会记住你的对话线索，使用之前的问题和答案来告知下一步的回答。它的答案来源于互联网上的大量信息。ChatGPT建立在OpenAI GPT-3大型语言模型家族的基础上，并使用监督和强化学习进行微调（一种迁移学习方法）。)”可知，第二段主要告诉我们关于ChatGPT的工作原理。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“A few days after its launch, more than I million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years. (上线几天后，超过100万人试用了ChatGPT。UBS分析师Lloyd Walmsley在2023年2月估计，ChatGPT在1月份的月用户数达到1亿，用了2个月就完成了TikTok约9个月和Instagram两年半的用户数。)”可知，作者在第3段列出数字是为了显示ChatGPT的受欢迎程度。故选A项。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“As of Feb. 1, 2023, OpenAI has aChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. (截至2023年2月1日，OpenAI推出了ChatGPT pro计划，ChatGPT Plus，允许用户即使在高峰时段也可以访问。)”可知，ChatGPT Plus的目的是在高峰时段给予用户优先访问权。故选D项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day. (因为它的编程，ChatGPT的知识有限，但谷歌有无限的知识，每天都在更新。)”可知，与Google相比，ChatGPT的局限性是基于有限的数据进行操作。故选A项。
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．D 15．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们在开发一种能在海水中快速降解的新型塑料方面的最新进展，并且详细描述了这种新型塑料的原理、实验过程以及未来研究的方向。
【解析】12．细节理解题。根据第二段“PLA breaks down quickly in compost pits (堆肥坑) but stays strong in seawater. Even after three years in the ocean, PLA remains almost unchanged. (PLA在堆肥坑中可以快速分解，但在海水中却保持坚固。即使在海洋中浸泡三年，PLA几乎不会发生变化)”可知，PLA的分解依赖于聚合物链的断裂。故选C项。
13．词句猜测题。根据第五段““It’s a new approach, and is also” a preliminary study,” Mehlika says. So, more testing must follow. (Mehlika说：“这是一种新的方法，也是一项preliminary的研究。”因此，后续还需要进行更多的测试)可知，这项研究还需要后续大量测试，说明它还处于初始阶段，“preliminary”意为“初步的”或“早期的”。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第八段“Mehlika notes Timo’s team also tested the breakdown of its PLA in artificial seawater “I wonder if they checked the water for pollution,” she adds. (Mehlika指出，Timo的团队还在人工海水中测试了PLA的分解情况。她补充说：“我想知道他们是否检查了水中的污染情况。”)”可知，Mehlika对Timo团队的研究结果持谨慎态度，认为还需要进一步验证。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If there were microbes (微生物), those microbes may have produced molecules called enzymes that sped up the PLA’s degradation. (如果水中存在微生物，这些微生物可能会产生一种名为酶的分子，从而加速PLA的降解)”可知，水的清洁度也会影响PLA的分解。故选B项。
【答案】16．G 17．A 18．E 19．D 20．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠不足的危害，重点阐述了白天可采取的三种改善睡眠的方法。
【解析】16．由上文“It turns out that nighttime rituals (习惯) can only take you so far.(事实证明，夜间习惯只能让你走这么远)”可知， 这里强调夜间习惯对改善睡眠的作用有限，空格处要引出与夜间习惯相对的内容，即白天的习惯对睡眠的重要性，而G项Getting good sleep is very much dependent on your daytime routines.(获得良好的睡眠在很大程度上取决于你白天的日常习惯)符合此处语境，进一步指出良好睡眠与白天习惯的关系，承接上文夜间习惯作用有限的内容，有承上启下的作用。故选G项。
17．由下文“Hard as it may be to fit a workout routine into your day, it’s worth it. Exercise may help promote good sleep in two ways.(尽管在一天中安排一个锻炼计划可能很困难，但这是值得的。锻炼可以从两个方面帮助促进良好的睡眠)”可知，整段围绕运动对睡眠的帮助展开，空格处应是对该段内容的总结，即关于运动的相关建议，而A项Move your body and get tired.(活动你的身体，让自己感到疲惫)符合此处语境，与下文提到的锻炼能促进睡眠相呼应，概括了该段关于运动的主题。故选A项。
18．由上文“Exercise may help promote good sleep in two ways.(锻炼可以从两个方面帮助促进良好的睡眠)”可知， 这里提到锻炼促进良好睡眠有两种方式，空格处应是对其中一种方式的具体说明，结合下文“In addition, exercise can physically tire you out.(此外，锻炼可以让身体感到疲惫)”可知，此处应是锻炼在心理或精神方面对睡眠的促进作用，而E项Physical activity is known to reduce anxiety.(众所周知，身体活动可以减少焦虑)符合此处语境，指出身体活动能减少焦虑，进而有助于睡眠，是锻炼促进睡眠的一种方式，与下文身体方面的作用相对应。故选E项。
19．由上文“When daylight comes through the eyes, it actually stops melatonin (褪黑素) producing. Your brain now realizes, ‘Oh, it must be daytime.’(当光线进入眼睛时，它实际上会阻止褪黑素的产生。你的大脑现在意识到，‘哦，一定是白天了。’)”可知， 这里讲述了日光对褪黑素产生的影响以及大脑对白天的认知，空格处应进一步说明这种情况对身体的影响，而D项It’s your body’s natural wake-up call.(这是你身体自然的唤醒信号)符合此处语境，承接上文日光对身体的影响，说明这是身体自然的唤醒方式。故选D项。
20．由下文“But these electronics can expose us to a type of light known as blue light which can negatively influence our sleep.(但是这些电子设备会让我们暴露在一种被称为蓝光的光线下，这会对我们的睡眠产生负面影响)”可知，这里提到电子设备发出的蓝光对睡眠有不良影响，空格处应是引出电子设备的相关内容，而C项Lots of us are attached to our devices (设备).(我们很多人都对电子设备有依赖)符合此处语境，指出很多人依赖电子设备，从而引出下文电子设备对睡眠的影响，起到承上启下的作用。故选C项。
【答案】
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．D 33．C 34．A 35．B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者经历了一段艰难的修缮过程，花费了所有积蓄，感到生活充满挑战。在雨中漫步时，作者想起母亲面对疾病的积极态度，以及母亲认为找到硬币是好运的象征。作者在泥中发现一枚闪亮的硬币，突然意识到自己的问题与母亲的积极乐观相比微不足道。作者振作精神，将硬币收好，决定像母亲一样积极地生活。故事告诉我们，生活中的困难是暂时的，每个人都可以成为自己生命中的“闪亮硬币”。
【解析】21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让人们工作了三天多来修理地板。A. clean打扫；B. repair修理；C. paint用颜料画；D. decorate装饰。由下文“Water damage had caused the floors to rot (腐烂). (水渍导致地板腐烂)”可知，应该是修复因水损坏腐烂的地板。故选B项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，这是一份比我希望的要大得多的工作。A. easier更容易的；B. better较好的；C. bigger更大的；D. safer更安全的。由上文“It had been a long week. (这是漫长的一周)”可知，作者觉得修缮的日子很漫长，可得出工作量很大，超出预期。故选C项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它终于完成了，但它几乎花光了我所有的积蓄。A. savings存款；B. sufferings痛苦；C. findings调研结果；D. settings背景。由上文“It turned out to be a much 2 job than I had hoped. (事实证明，这是一份比我希望的要大得多的工作)”可知，修理地板需要钱，工作量也大，所以几乎花光了作者所有的积蓄。故选A项。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在雨中漫步，想着这一切。A. dreaming of梦想；B. begging for恳求；C. getting over克服；D. thinking about考虑。结合上文讲作者修理地板的烦心事和下文“I felt that my problems (我就觉得我的问题)”可知，此处指作者想着生活中的糟心事。故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活似乎是一连串的问题。A. chance机会；B. problem问题；C. activity活动；D. stage阶段。由下文“I felt that my problems (我就觉得我的问题)”可知，作者觉得生活似乎是一连串的问题。故选B项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我叹了口气，自言自语道：“为什么生活有时如此艰难？”A. short短的；B. boring无聊的；C. tough艰难的；D. strange奇怪的。由上文“It seemed like life was a long series of one 5 after another. (生活似乎是一连串的问题)”和下文“I felt that my problems (我就觉得我的问题)”可知，作者觉得生活有时很艰难。故选C项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这些话离开我的嘴唇时，我看到泥里有什么东西。A. saw看见；B. missed错过；C. checked检查；D. dropped下降。由下文“It was a penny. (那是一分钱)”和“I saw a penny on the road (我看到路上有一枚硬币)”可知，作者在泥里看到一分钱。故选A项。
28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的脑海里闪过对妈妈的回忆。A. held on (to)坚持；B. lived up (to)不辜负；C. looked forward (to)期待；D. flashed back (to)闪回到。由下文“The moment I thought of my Mom (一想到妈妈)”可知，作者想起母亲，所以脑海里闪过对妈妈的回忆。故选D项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，她一直在与癌症作斗争，但她仍然保持乐观。A. independent独立的；B. modest谦虚的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. faithful忠实的。由上文“She had battled cancer for years”和下文“told me that a found penny was a sign of good luck (告诉我捡到一分钱是好运的象征)”可知，作者母亲一直在与癌症作斗争，但她认为捡到一分钱是好运的象征，可得出她积极乐观。故选C项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她捡起它，告诉我捡到一分钱是好运的象征。A. picked挑选；B. fixed修理；C. hung悬挂；D. used使用。承接上文“One day when we were walking together, she saw a penny on the ground. (有一天，当我们一起散步时，她看到地上有一枚硬币)”讲作者母亲捡起地上的硬币，pick up (捡起)。故选A项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当癌症终于把她从这个世界上带走时，我伤心欲绝。A. regretful遗憾的；B. heartbroken心碎的；C. confused困惑的；D. apologetic道歉的。由下文“On the day we buried her (我们埋葬她的那天)”可知，作者因母亲的去世很伤心。故选B项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们埋葬她的那天，我悲痛欲绝。A. anger愤怒；B. anxiety焦虑；C. fear害怕；D. sorrow悲伤。由上文“On the day we buried her”可知，作者因母亲的去世很悲伤。故选D项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，多年来我发现了数百个硬币。A. delivered交付；B. produced生产；C. found发现；D. donated捐赠。呼应上文“I saw a penny on the road (我看到路上有一枚硬币)”讲作者多年来发现了数百个硬币。故选C项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到妈妈，我就觉得我的问题似乎很小。A. small小的；B. serious严重的；C. embarrassing令人尴尬的；D. unexpected出乎意料的。由上文语境可知，回忆起母亲的积极乐观后，作者觉得生活中的问题很渺小。故选A项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我笑了，把硬币放进口袋里，发誓要努力过上像妈妈一样积极有意义的生活。A. normal正常的；B. positive积极乐观的；C. peaceful平静的；D. private私人的。呼应上文“but she remained 9 (但她仍然保持乐观)”讲作者要像母亲一样过积极乐观的生活。故选B项。
【答案】
36．a 37．globally 38．With 39．has faced 40．which 41．be made 42．recycling 43．extinction 44．to protect 45．ourselves
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了环境保护的重要性及面临的挑战和解决措施。
【解析】36．考查冠词。句意：环境保护已成为全球的一个关键问题。issue为可数名词，此处表泛指，crucial发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
37．考查副词。句意：环境保护已成为全球的一个关键问题。此处需用副词修饰整个句子，global的副词形式为globally，意为“全球地”。故填globally。
38．考查介词。句意：随着工业的快速发展，我们的星球在过去几十年里面临着各种挑战。根据“the rapid development of industry”可知，此处表示“随着”，需用介词with，句首单词首字母大写。故填With。
39．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着工业的快速发展，我们的星球在过去几十年里面临着各种挑战。根据“over the last few decades”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语our planet为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has faced。
40．考查定语从句。句意：工厂排放大量的废气和废水，这对空气和水质有有害影响。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
41．考查被动语态。句意：为了解决这个问题，应该制定严格的法律法规来限制污染物的排放。laws and regulations与make之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，位于情态动词should后面，使用动词原形。故填be made。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们可以从日常生活中的小事做起，比如减少浪费和回收材料。such as后面需加动名词作宾语，与reducing并列。故填recycling。
43．考查名词。句意：由于栖息地破坏和非法狩猎，许多物种正面临灭绝的危险。介词of后面需加名词extinction作宾语，extinction“灭绝”为不可数名词。故填extinction。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该采取措施保护它们的栖息地，并制止非法活动。take measures to do sth.为固定用法，意为“采取措施做某事”，空处需填动词不定式。故填to protect。
45．考查代词。句意：总之，只有共同采取行动，我们才能保护我们的环境，确保我们自己的可持续未来。此处表示“我们自己”，需用反身代词ourselves作介词for的宾语。故填ourselves。
46．【答案】further
【详解】考查动词。句意：罗德尼没有机会继续深造。have no opportunities to do sth意为“没有机会做某事”，不定式符号to后接动词原形。far的动词形式为further，表示“促进；增进”之意，further one’s education表示“继续深造”。故填further。
47．【答案】various
【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于种种原因，她决定搬到农村去。分析句子结构可知，空处使用形容词在句中作定语修饰名词reasons，variety的形容词为various意为“各种各样的”符合句意。故填various。
48．【答案】strategically
【详解】考查副词。句意：镇上的停车场很少，但位置很有战略意义。分析句子结构可知，空处需使用副词strategically（战略性地）在句中作状语修饰placed（放置）。故填strategically。
49．【答案】applicant
【详解】考查名词。句意：申请人有教学经验，更相关的是，有行业经验。空处作主语，应用名词形式“申请人”应用applicant，结合谓语动词has可知，主语为单数。故填applicant。
50．【答案】chiefs
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：不同部落的酋长们聚集在一起讨论他们土地和人民的重要事务。chief是名词，意思是“酋长”，根据下文“of different tribes”可知，不同部落应该有很多个酋长，chief用复数形式。故答案填chiefs。
51．【答案】poverty
【详解】考查名词。句意：根据世界银行的数据，41%的巴西人生活在绝对贫困之中。空处需用名词作介词in的宾语，poor的名词形式为poverty，表示“贫困”，是不可数名词。故填poverty。
52．【答案】curiosity
【详解】考查名词。句意：这封信不是写给我的，但我出于好奇把它拆开了。设空处使用curious的名词curiosity作宾语，意为“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
53．【答案】destructive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他无法抑制自己的消极情绪。修饰后文名词feelings应用形容词destructive，作定语。故填destructive。
54．【答案】to build
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：建造新桥的计划正在讨论中。句子谓语动词是is，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词plan，且表示“将来”，抽象名词后应用不定式to build作后置定语。故填to build。
55．【答案】confirmed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然没有得到官方证实，但有关该公司合并的传言已在商界广泛传播。分析句子结构可知，though引导让步状语从句，主句主语为the rumor，从句和主句主语一致，the rumor与confirm之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以从句谓语动词中含有be动词，所以此处省略“主语+be动词”，因此需使用过去分词表被动。故填confirmed。
56．【答案】We need some new people to breathe life into the project.
【详解】考查动词短语。分析这个句子，“我们”是主语，“需要”是谓语，翻译为need，“新人”是宾语，翻译为some new people；“来为……”表示目的，应该使用不定式结构作目的状语；按照题目要求，“为……注入活力”翻译为breathe life into，“项目”翻译为the project。由于没有上下文语境，这个句子可以使用一般现在时。故整句可翻译为We need some new people to breathe life into the project.
57．【答案】It is our responsibility to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
【详解】考查it作形式主语和不定式。表示“做某事是某人的责任”用it is one’s responsibility to do sth.，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，其中it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。表示“我们的”用our。表示“构建”用build，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。表示“人类命运共同体”用a community with a shared future for mankind。故翻译为It is our responsibility to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
58．【答案】It didn’t occur to her to ask for help.
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。“某人想到做某事”译为固定句型It occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth.的否定形式，且本句为对过去情况的描述，故应为一般过去时；“请别人帮忙”译为固定搭配ask for help。故翻译为It didn’t occur to her to ask for help.
59．【答案】We need time to be informed of all the progress of the project.
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词。表示“我们”用we，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“需要”用need，句子描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为We，所以need用原形。表示“时间”用time，做need的宾语。表示“通知，告知”用inform，与逻辑主语We为被动关系，用过去分词，be informed of“被告知，了解到”，这里用不定式的被动形式to be informed of。表示“项目的所有进展情况”用all the progress of the project，作of的宾语。故翻译为：We need time to be informed of all the progress of the project.
60．【答案】I hurried to the railway station, only to find that the train had already left.
【详解】考查不定式作结果状语。“匆忙地赶到……”可以翻译为hurry to...，它在句子里充当谓语，根据句意，应该使用一般过去时；“火车站”翻译为railway station；“结果……”可以使用only to do...，它是不定式充当结果状语的结构；“已经开走了”这个动作发生在谓语之前，属于过去的过去，应该使用过去完成时。故整句可翻译为I hurried to the railway station, only to find that the train had already left.
61．【答案】Dear fellow students,
Nowadays, the environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious and global warming causes frequent extreme weather. Therefore, I’d like to appeal to all of us to take an active part in protecting the environment.
Everyone can contribute to a better environment and we students can also do our part. It is necessary that we participate in voluntary work such as planting trees and picking up rubbish. Additionally, it is strongly suggested that we should live a low carbon life. For example, it makes sense to turn off the taps, the lights and other electrical appliances when we are not using them. Furthermore, we should attach great importance to garbage sorting and recycling in our daily life, through which we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources.
Every effort counts. Let’s join hands to make our planet a greener one!
The Students’ Union
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生代表学生会向全校师生写一份倡议书，呼吁大家从身边小事做起，共同保护环境。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
导致：cause→lead to
呼吁： appeal to→call on
参加：participate in→take part in
此外：additionally→in addition
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： Nowadays, the environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious and global warming causes frequent extreme weather. Therefore, I’d like to appeal to all of us to take an active part in potecting the envionmnent.
拓展句：Nowadays, because the environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious and global warming causes frequent extreme weather, I’d like to appeal to all of us to take an active part in protecting the environment.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It is strongly suggested that we live a low carbon life. (运用了It作形式主语，that引导从句作真正主语的结构)
【高分句型2】 Furthermore, we should attach great importance to garbage sorting and recycling in our daily life, through which we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources. (运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句)
