2026全国版高考英语一轮
主题十三 生态保护
组合练一:阅读(2)& 七选五
1 五年高考 (2024新课标Ⅰ,A) 主题：环境保护
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills(满足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am-1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am-2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am-2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
1. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A. To discover mineral resources.
B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem.
D. To conduct biological research.
2. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
3. What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools.
B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform.
D. Do at least three projects.
2 五年高考 (2022新高考Ⅰ,B) 主题：环境保护
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted(腐烂) in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,” Curtin says.
1. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
2. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A. Moral decline.
B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage.
D. Worldwide starvation.
3. What does Curtin's company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
4. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
3 五年高考 (2024新课标Ⅱ) 主题：过度旅游
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 1. Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they're special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it's easy to feel like you're missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 2.
Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 3. Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights
4. Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You'll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 5. You may be amazed how much closer you'll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting.
组合练二:阅读(2)& 完形
1 五年高考 (2021全国乙,C) 主题：环境保护
You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone,the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds,a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1. What are Von Wong's artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
2. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
3. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers
A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
2 三年模拟 (2024安徽安庆二模,D) 主题：环境保护
Nobody knows yet what the best way of removing all that carbon will be, but scientists around the world are developing a new method. The Swiss company Climeworks is building big extractor fans(排气扇) to remove carbon.
But other scientists are looking to nature's carbon cycle for inspiration. They're looking for ways to improve it, speed it up and help it take more carbon out of the air permanently.
One of those scientists is Professor Luke Mackinder, a plant biologist at the University of York. His research into carbon removal is inspired by ocean algae(海藻). “About half of carbon absorption takes place in the ocean,” he says. “Algae are extremely efficient at absorbing it.”
In order to do this, his team has studied the genetic code(基因密码) of algae to work out which genes play a vital role in carbon absorption. He believes they have now figured this out. “Now we have a list and we can start thinking about how to bring them together in different living things,” he says. “We place the genes into those of other plants. It's genetic modification.”
Mackinder anticipates adding them to a range of crops and trees. The resulting increased production could be good for food security. Alternatively, they could help to enhance the influence of climate change. It all depends on what we do with the carbon once it's trapped in those plants. Eating them would quickly return it to the atmosphere. But if instead we find ways to store it, we could keep it out of the atmosphere for good.
Dave Hillyard, chief administrator of the Carbon Technology Research Foundation that is funding Mackinder's research, says that it is important to fund work on a wide range of carbon removal methods, because “some will not get the results they're looking for and some will succeed. There are a lot of opportunities here but very little funding and research going into it.”
1. What is discussed in the first paragraph
A. An approach to carbon removal.
B. A way to improve big extractor fans.
C. A means of joining a company.
D. A method of doing scientific research.
2. Why does Professor Luke Mackinder focus on ocean algae
A. It is secure.
B. It is effective.
C. It is sufficient.
D. It is accessible.
3. What can we know about the genes of algae from the fourth paragraph
A. They bring about great side effects.
B. They are useless for carbon absorption.
C. They help increase food production.
D. They have been put into other plants.
4. What is required according to Dave Hillyard
A. The government's permission.
B. More scientists' participation.
C. Increasing experimental chances.
D. The input into the research.
3 五年高考 (2020新高考Ⅰ) 主题：环境保护
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.
Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
2. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
3. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
4. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
5. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
7. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
8. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
9. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
10. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
11. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
12. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
13. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
14. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
组合练三:语法填空(2)& 应用文写作
1 五年高考 (2022新高考Ⅰ) 主题：动物保护
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 1. (cover) an area about three times 2. size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3. (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4. (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 5. (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity(原真性) and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 6. leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”. The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 7. (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 8. (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 9. an umbrella species, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10. live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2 五年高考 (2024全国甲) 主题：人与环境
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend 1. (catch)our attention because of their large size and variety.They are 2. (treasure) of American heritage(遗产). How did the national park system come about
On a cool,starry night in mid-September 1870,four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3. is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4. (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should 5. (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. This area, with 6. (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7. all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8. (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later,18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9. (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10. became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
3 五年高考 (2022全国甲)
(倡议)你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题,举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1. 海洋的重要性;
2. 保护海洋的倡议。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.
组合练四:阅读(2)& 七选五
1 五年高考 (2021新高考Ⅰ,C) 主题：环境保护
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的)waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
1. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands.
B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers.
D. Arrival of other wild animals.
2. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
3. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down.
B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting.
D. The government has collected money.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
2 三年模拟 (2024湖南长沙适应性考试,D)
主题：动物保护
Nothing earns attention like rarity. In the natural world, rarity is most clearly represented by the last members of a declining species. These scarce(稀有) plants and animals are extremely valuable; they represent the final hope of preventing extinction. The efforts to conserve rare species have made an enormous difference. In the past few decades, declines of many endangered plants and animals have been reversed(逆转). But the attention to scarcity could come at the expense of overlooking the ordinary.
If we are to conserve nature, we must maintain our focus on the familiar. Increasingly, conservation is turning its sights in this direction—to safeguard what is common, not just what is rare.
There are good reasons to consider the common. A study of North American birds uncovered that we have lost three billion birds on this continent within the past two generations.
These declines include species once considered widespread and secure, like the common redpoll, whose numbers are down by 29 million and the common nighthawk, down by 26 million. The shocking losses are a reminder that the mark of a species in trouble is not rarity, but the rate of decline.
Notably, the shifts in the abundance of common species can translate into sizeable shifts in ecosystem functioning. One caribou herd(北美驯鹿群), numbering in the hundreds of thousands, removes millions of kilograms of food for animals every year and returns nutrients to the soil in the form of millions of kilograms of animal waste.
The value of common species is not just ecological and economic, but psychological. Study after study demonstrates that encounters with the natural world improve our mental state. Losing familiar species—whether birds in our backyard or butterflies on our doorstep—is likely to shrink(收缩) such opportunities for engagement.
Rarity will always occupy a significant place in conservation. But in pursuit of a sustainable and biodiverse future, we must avoid “the extinction of commonness”.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To make a survey.
B. To offer a suggestion.
C. To introduce the topic.
D. To provide an example.
2. What does the example of bird study suggest according to the text
A. Species loss balances the ecosystem.
B. Birds produce many nutrients to the soil.
C. Species' rate of decline arouses people's concern.
D. Birds are described as widespread and secure animals.
3. What can we conclude from the passage
A. Rarity matters most in conservation.
B. Familiar species shouldn't be ignored.
C. Biodiversity results in the extinction of commonness.
D. People's physical state shrinks for sustainable development.
4. Where is this text most probably taken from
A. A news report.
B. A health column.
C. A biology magazine.
D. A travel brochure.
3 五年高考 (2021全国甲) 主题：环境保护
Swap, Don't Shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources(资源)to make, and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing)is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor 1. . It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. 2. , and there may not be enough things to choose from;more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
3. . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 4. . Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. 5. . And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
组合练五:语法填空(3)& 应用文写作
1 五年高考 (2023新课标Ⅱ) 主题：人与动物
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach...the animals
Since June 2017, right before the 1. (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2. (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3.
Not the pandas, even though 4. language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5. (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6. (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7. they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning 8. (basic), how to describe a panda's life. It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9. to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
2 五年高考 (2022浙江一考) 主题：环境保护
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 1. are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—2. (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 3. (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 4. (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 5. (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—6. (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 7. she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 8. time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the 9. (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 10. (continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding,” she says—“a really positive change.”
3 五年高考 (2021新高考Ⅱ) 主题：环境保护
I've always loved the ocean. In the 1. (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 2. (think) it is food.
I decided to do something 3. (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 4. used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管). I found the contact information of the company 5. emailed its president. I told him how 6. (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 7. (excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 8. (be) Alaska Airlines. A company 9. (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 10. plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
4 三年模拟 (2025届湖北新高考协作体期中)
(倡议)假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华,请你以“保护环境,低碳生活”为主题,写一封倡议书,旨在号召大家积极采取行动,践行低碳生活,内容包括:
1. 环境的现状以及保护环境的重要性;
2. 低碳生活的方式;
3. 发出倡议。
注意:1. 词数80个左右;
2. 可适当增加细节。
Dear fellow students,
The Students' Union
组合练六:阅读专练(3)
1 五年高考 (2020全国Ⅱ,C) 主题：人与动物
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species(物种). It's destroying the environment. It's them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
1. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
2. Why are scientists concerned about nutria
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
3. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Boomed.
B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable.
D. Crashed.
4. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan
A. It's formal.
B. It's risky.
C. It's harmful.
D. It's traditional.
2 五年高考 (2024新课标Ⅰ,D) 主题：人与动植物
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
1. What do we know about the records of species collected now
A. They are becoming outdated.
B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number.
D. They are used for public exhibition.
2. What does Daru's study focus on
A. Threatened species.
B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data.
D. Mobile applications.
3. What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis.
B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling.
D. Unreliable data collection devices.
4. What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps
A. Review data from certain areas.
B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users.
D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
3 五年高考 (2023浙江一考,D) 主题：人与环境
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick,the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development,which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
1. What do solar developers often ignore
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
2. What does InSPIRE aim to do
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
3. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To conserve pollinators.
B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy.
D. To ensure the supply of energy.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay
B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture
D. Solar Farms: A New Development
主题十三 生态保护
组合练一:阅读(2)& 七选五
1 五年高考 (2024新课标Ⅰ,A) 主题：环境保护
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills(满足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am-1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am-2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am-2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
1. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A. To discover mineral resources.
B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem.
D. To conduct biological research.
2. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
3. What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools.
B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform.
D. Do at least three projects.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. B
2 五年高考 (2022新高考Ⅰ,B) 主题：环境保护
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted(腐烂) in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,” Curtin says.
1. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
2. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A. Moral decline.
B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage.
D. Worldwide starvation.
3. What does Curtin's company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
4. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A
3 五年高考 (2024新课标Ⅱ) 主题：过度旅游
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 1. Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they're special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it's easy to feel like you're missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 2.
Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 3. Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights
4. Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You'll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 5. You may be amazed how much closer you'll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. G
组合练二:阅读(2)& 完形
1 五年高考 (2021全国乙,C) 主题：环境保护
You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone,the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds,a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1. What are Von Wong's artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
2. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
3. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers
A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
答案
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D
2 三年模拟 (2024安徽安庆二模,D) 主题：环境保护
Nobody knows yet what the best way of removing all that carbon will be, but scientists around the world are developing a new method. The Swiss company Climeworks is building big extractor fans(排气扇) to remove carbon.
But other scientists are looking to nature's carbon cycle for inspiration. They're looking for ways to improve it, speed it up and help it take more carbon out of the air permanently.
One of those scientists is Professor Luke Mackinder, a plant biologist at the University of York. His research into carbon removal is inspired by ocean algae(海藻). “About half of carbon absorption takes place in the ocean,” he says. “Algae are extremely efficient at absorbing it.”
In order to do this, his team has studied the genetic code(基因密码) of algae to work out which genes play a vital role in carbon absorption. He believes they have now figured this out. “Now we have a list and we can start thinking about how to bring them together in different living things,” he says. “We place the genes into those of other plants. It's genetic modification.”
Mackinder anticipates adding them to a range of crops and trees. The resulting increased production could be good for food security. Alternatively, they could help to enhance the influence of climate change. It all depends on what we do with the carbon once it's trapped in those plants. Eating them would quickly return it to the atmosphere. But if instead we find ways to store it, we could keep it out of the atmosphere for good.
Dave Hillyard, chief administrator of the Carbon Technology Research Foundation that is funding Mackinder's research, says that it is important to fund work on a wide range of carbon removal methods, because “some will not get the results they're looking for and some will succeed. There are a lot of opportunities here but very little funding and research going into it.”
1. What is discussed in the first paragraph
A. An approach to carbon removal.
B. A way to improve big extractor fans.
C. A means of joining a company.
D. A method of doing scientific research.
2. Why does Professor Luke Mackinder focus on ocean algae
A. It is secure.
B. It is effective.
C. It is sufficient.
D. It is accessible.
3. What can we know about the genes of algae from the fourth paragraph
A. They bring about great side effects.
B. They are useless for carbon absorption.
C. They help increase food production.
D. They have been put into other plants.
4. What is required according to Dave Hillyard
A. The government's permission.
B. More scientists' participation.
C. Increasing experimental chances.
D. The input into the research.
答案
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D
3 五年高考 (2020新高考Ⅰ) 主题：环境保护
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.
Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
2. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
3. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
4. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
5. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
7. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
8. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
9. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
10. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
11. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
12. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
13. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
14. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
答案
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D
组合练三:语法填空(2)& 应用文写作
1 五年高考 (2022新高考Ⅰ) 主题：动物保护
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 1. (cover) an area about three times 2. size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3. (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4. (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 5. (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity(原真性) and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 6. leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”. The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 7. (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 8. (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 9. an umbrella species, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10. live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案
1. Covering 2. the 3. were 4. to increase 5. is designed 6. and 7. populations
8. eventually 9. as 10. that
2 五年高考 (2024全国甲) 主题：人与环境
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend 1. (catch)our attention because of their large size and variety.They are 2. (treasure) of American heritage(遗产). How did the national park system come about
On a cool,starry night in mid-September 1870,four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3. is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4. (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should 5. (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. This area, with 6. (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7. all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8. (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later,18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9. (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10. became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
答案
1. to catch 2. treasures 3. what 4. were 5. be done 6. its 7. for 8. completion
9. largest 10. which
3 五年高考 (2022全国甲)
(倡议)你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题,举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1. 海洋的重要性;
2. 保护海洋的倡议。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.
答案
One possible version:
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. It aims to raise people's awareness of protecting oceans.
Why should we protect the ocean The reason is that it provides various benefits. To begin with, the sea is a significant source of food. With the world population growing, we are relying on the ocean more and more for survival. In addition, not only does the ocean produce much oxygen, but it also absorbs much carbon dioxide, which remarkably contributes to regulating the Earth's climate. Also,vast amounts of medicinal products come from the ocean, including ingredients that help fight cancer and heart disease.
However, the sea is being damaged. Huge as it is, it is more sensitive than we think. Thus, it is high time that we took effective measures to protect it. Otherwise, future generations will not forgive us.
组合练四:阅读(2)& 七选五
1 五年高考 (2021新高考Ⅰ,C) 主题：环境保护
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的)waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
1. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands.
B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers.
D. Arrival of other wild animals.
2. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
3. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down.
B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting.
D. The government has collected money.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A
2 三年模拟 (2024湖南长沙适应性考试,D)
主题：动物保护
Nothing earns attention like rarity. In the natural world, rarity is most clearly represented by the last members of a declining species. These scarce(稀有) plants and animals are extremely valuable; they represent the final hope of preventing extinction. The efforts to conserve rare species have made an enormous difference. In the past few decades, declines of many endangered plants and animals have been reversed(逆转). But the attention to scarcity could come at the expense of overlooking the ordinary.
If we are to conserve nature, we must maintain our focus on the familiar. Increasingly, conservation is turning its sights in this direction—to safeguard what is common, not just what is rare.
There are good reasons to consider the common. A study of North American birds uncovered that we have lost three billion birds on this continent within the past two generations.
These declines include species once considered widespread and secure, like the common redpoll, whose numbers are down by 29 million and the common nighthawk, down by 26 million. The shocking losses are a reminder that the mark of a species in trouble is not rarity, but the rate of decline.
Notably, the shifts in the abundance of common species can translate into sizeable shifts in ecosystem functioning. One caribou herd(北美驯鹿群), numbering in the hundreds of thousands, removes millions of kilograms of food for animals every year and returns nutrients to the soil in the form of millions of kilograms of animal waste.
The value of common species is not just ecological and economic, but psychological. Study after study demonstrates that encounters with the natural world improve our mental state. Losing familiar species—whether birds in our backyard or butterflies on our doorstep—is likely to shrink(收缩) such opportunities for engagement.
Rarity will always occupy a significant place in conservation. But in pursuit of a sustainable and biodiverse future, we must avoid “the extinction of commonness”.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To make a survey.
B. To offer a suggestion.
C. To introduce the topic.
D. To provide an example.
2. What does the example of bird study suggest according to the text
A. Species loss balances the ecosystem.
B. Birds produce many nutrients to the soil.
C. Species' rate of decline arouses people's concern.
D. Birds are described as widespread and secure animals.
3. What can we conclude from the passage
A. Rarity matters most in conservation.
B. Familiar species shouldn't be ignored.
C. Biodiversity results in the extinction of commonness.
D. People's physical state shrinks for sustainable development.
4. Where is this text most probably taken from
A. A news report.
B. A health column.
C. A biology magazine.
D. A travel brochure.
答案
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C
3 五年高考 (2021全国甲) 主题：环境保护
Swap, Don't Shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources(资源)to make, and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing)is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor 1. . It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. 2. , and there may not be enough things to choose from;more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
3. . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 4. . Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. 5. . And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
答案
1. B 2. A 3. G 4. F 5. D
组合练五:语法填空(3)& 应用文写作
1 五年高考 (2023新课标Ⅱ) 主题：人与动物
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach...the animals
Since June 2017, right before the 1. (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2. (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3.
Not the pandas, even though 4. language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5. (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6. (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7. they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning 8. (basic), how to describe a panda's life. It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9. to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
答案
1. arrival 2. confident 3. to/with 4. the 5. visiting 6. interviews 7. why
8. Basically 9. and 10. wished
2 五年高考 (2022浙江一考) 主题：环境保护
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 1. are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—2. (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 3. (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 4. (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 5. (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—6. (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 7. she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 8. time, they ag
