Module 6 重点语法讲练 2024-2025学年外研版八年级英语下册
简单句的基本句型
在英语中，由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。简单句的基本句型有：
一、主语+系动词+表语（+状语），即S+V+P，简称"主系表"
Uncle Wang looks very happy.
主语 系动词 表语
王叔叔看起来很高兴。
助记：初中阶段常见的系动词有：
"是" (be) | "觉" (feel) | "保持" (keep) |
4个"起来" (look 看起来, sound 听起来, smell 闻起来, taste 尝起来) |
"好像" (seem) |
4个"变" (become, turn, get, go都有"变得"的意思)
二、主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+时间/地点状语），即S+V，简称"主谓"
My father works at that factory.
主语 谓语 地点状语
我父亲在那家工厂工作。
三、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语（+状语），即S+V+O，简称"主谓宾"
She likes stamps.
主语 谓语 宾语
她喜欢邮票。
四、主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语（+状语），即S+V+IO+DO，简称"主谓双宾"
My mother bought me a pen.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
我妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。
注意：
1. 两个宾语的位置可以改变。如果直接宾语在前，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。上面的句子可改为"My mother bought a pen for me."
2. 需在间接宾语前加to的常见动词：give, show, send, bring, pass, lend, tell, teach等
3. 需在间接宾语前加for的常见动词：make, buy, cook等
五、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语），即S+V+O+C，简称"主谓宾宾补"
We found it very useful.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
我们发现它很有用。
注意：
1. 使役动词make，let，have等后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语
2. 感官动词see，hear，watch，notice等后既可接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，又可用v.-ing形式作宾语补足语
六、There be+主语（+状语），即there be句型。there是引导词，无词义
There is a picture on the wall.
There be 主语 状语
墙上有一幅图画。
There are many flowers in the park.
公园里有许多花。
注意：
1. there be句型中，be的单复数由后面的主语决定
2. 当有两个或两个以上并列的名词作主语时，be动词的数与最近的名词的数保持一致，即"就近原则"
练习题：
一、句型识别题
判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型，并写出句型代号(S+V+P/S+V/S+V+O/S+V+IO+DO/S+V+O+C/There be)：
1. The flowers smell sweet. ______
2. My brother gave me a birthday present. ______
3. There are many students in the library. ______
4. The sun rises in the east. ______
5. We elected him monitor. ______
6. She told us an interesting story. ______
7. The soup tastes delicious. ______
8. Birds fly in the sky. ______
9. I found the book very helpful. ______
10. There is a pen and two books on the desk. ______
二、句子改错题
找出并改正下列句子中的错误：
1. The teacher made us to clean the classroom.
2. There is many apples on the tree.
3. She bought to me a new dictionary.
4. The music sounds beautifully.
5. Let me have a look your new watch.
三、句型转换题
按要求改写句子：
1. My father gave me a bike.（改为间接宾语在后的形式）
2. There is a book and two pens on the desk.（改为否定句）
3. The teacher asked us to read the text.（改为一般疑问句）
4. The children played happily in the park.（对划线部分提问）
5. We consider him an honest boy.（改为被动语态）
四、补全句子题
用所给词的适当形式补全句子：
1. The story ______ (sound) interesting.
2. There ______ (be) some milk in the glass.
3. I saw him ______ (play) basketball yesterday.
4. My mother made me ______ (clean) my room.
5. She showed ______ (I) her new dress.
五、翻译题
将下列句子翻译成英语：
这部电影看起来很有趣。
桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。
老师让我们保持安静。
我妹妹给我做了一个生日蛋糕。
我们发现这个问题很难解决。
六、综合应用题
根据所学句型结构，用所给词语造句：
1. (feel, happy, today) _________________________
2. (there be, some water, in the bottle) _________________________
3. (buy, mother, me, new shoes) _________________________
4. (find, the lesson, very interesting) _________________________
5. (see, the boys, play football) _________________________
答案部分
一、句型识别题
1. S+V+P
2. S+V+IO+DO
3. There be
4. S+V
5. S+V+O+C
6. S+V+IO+DO
7. S+V+P
8. S+V
9. S+V+O+C
10. There be
二、句子改错题
1. 去掉to (made us clean)
2. is→are
3. bought to me→bought me
4. beautifully→beautiful
5. look后加at (have a look at)
三、句型转换题
1. My father gave a bike to me.
2. There isn't a book or two pens on the desk.
3. Did the teacher ask us to read the text
4. Where did the children play happily
5. He is considered an honest boy (by us).
四、补全句子题
1. sounds
2. is
3. playing
4. clean
5. me
五、翻译题
1. The movie looks very interesting.
2. There is a book and two pens on the desk.
3. The teacher made us keep quiet.
4. My sister made me a birthday cake.
5. We found the problem difficult to solve.
六、综合应用题
(参考答案)
1. I feel happy today.
2. There is some water in the bottle.
3. My mother bought me new shoes.
4. We found the lesson very interesting.
5. I saw the boys playing football.
