宾语从句
核心知识点总结:
涵盖定义、结构、考点及易错点，帮助学生高效复习：
宾语从句的定义
宾语从句在复合句中充当主句的宾语，通常由引导词引出，放在及物动词、介词或形容词之后。
结构：主句 + 引导词 + 从句（陈述句语序）
- 例：I know (that) he is a teacher.
- 例：She asked if I liked music.
三大核心考点
引导词的选择
类型 引导词 用法说明 例句
陈述句 that（可省略） 陈述事实，无疑问含义 He said (that) he was tired.
一般疑问句 if / whether 表示“是否”，句尾无疑问号 I wonder if/whether she will come.
特殊疑问句 what, when, where, why, how, who 等 | 保留原疑问词，但用陈述语序 Do you know where he lives
注意：
-whether后可加 or not，但 if不能：
I don’t know whether he will come or not.
I don’t know if he will come or not.
2. 从句的语序
宾语从句必须用陈述句语序（疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语），不是疑问句倒装语序！
- Could you tell me where is the park
- Could you tell me **where the park is**
- She asked what did I do yesterday.
- She asked **what I did yesterday**.
口诀：引导词后跟陈述，主谓顺序不能错！
3.时态一致性
主句时态 从句时态规则 例句
现在时/将来时 根据实际时间灵活变化 He says (that) he likes apples.
He will ask if you are free.
过去时 从句用对应的过去时态 She said (that) she was tired.
He asked when I had finished homework.
客观真理 从句永远用一般现在时 The teacher told us the sun rises in the east.
易错点：
- He asked what your name is. （主句过去时，从句需用过去时）
- He asked what your name was.
三、特殊注意事项
1. 省略 that 的情况：
- 当从句较短且无歧义时，that 可省略：
I think (that) he is right.
2. whether 与 if 的区别：
- 介词后、不定式前、与 or not 连用时，只能用 whether：
We talked about whether to leave.
We talked about if to leave.
3. 否定转移：
- 当主句谓语是 think, believe 等，且主句主语为第一人称时，从句否定转移到主句：
I don’t think he will come. （实际含义：He will not come.）
四、中考高频易错题类型
1. 语序错误：
- Do you know where does he live
- Do you know where he lives
2. 时态错误：
- She asked if I can swim. （主句过去时，从句需用 could）
- She asked if I could swim.
3. 引导词混淆：
- I don’t know that he is a teacher. （疑问含义用 if/whether）
- I don’t know if/whether he is a teacher.
五、复习口诀
“一选引导词，二改陈述序，三看时态变，真理永不变！”
真题演练建议：
1. 熟记引导词的选择规则，区分 if/whether 的特殊情况。
2. 每日练习 5 道语序调整题，强化陈述句语序意识。
3. 整理错题本，重点标注时态和语序错误。
掌握以上内容，宾语从句中考无忧！
