UNIT 2 SPORTS AND FITNESS(二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2025山东青岛二中模拟)
The streets,sidewalks and roofs of cities all absorb heat during the day,making some urban areas across the United States up to 6 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than rural ones during the day—and 22 degrees Fahrenheit hotter at night.These “urban heat islands” can also develop underground as the city heat spreads downward,beneath the surface.And basements,subway tunnels and other underground infrastructure also constantly bleed heat into the surrounding earth,creating hotspots.Now the underground heat is building up as the planet warms.
According to a new study of downtown Chicago,underground hotspots may threaten the very same structures that emit the heat in the first place.Such temperature changes make the ground around them expand and contract (收缩) enough to cause potential damage.“Without anyone realizing it,the city of Chicago’s downtown was deforming,” says the study’s author Alessandro F.Rotta Loria,a civil and environmental engineer at Northwestern University.
The findings,published in Communications Engineering,expose a “silent hazard (危险)” to civil infrastructure in cities with softer ground — especially those near water — Rotta Loria says.“There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened,and we didn’t even realize,” he adds.While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives,this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change.
Similar to climate change above the surface,these underground changes occur over long periods of time.“These effects took decades,a century,to develop,” Rotta Loria says,adding that elevated underground temperatures would likewise take a long time to dissipate (逐渐消失) on their own.
But other researchers interviewed for this story all say this wasted energy could also be recycled,presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs.Subway tunnels and basements could be updated with technologies to recapture the heat.For example,water pipes could be installed to run through underground hotspots and pick up some of the heat energy.
1.What can we learn about the “urban heat islands”
A.They can develop underground structures.
B.They are impacted by global warming.
C.They can destroy the ground around.
D.They only exist in the United States.
2.Why does Alessandro F.Rotta Loria mention “silent hazard” in paragraph 3
A.To discuss structural issues.
B.To categorize climate change.
C.To explain underground heat.
D.To emphasize the neglected reality.
3.What will the author probably write about in the paragraph that follows
A.The future of tunnels and basements.
B.The reusing approaches of heat energy.
C.The cost of maintaining structures.
D.The evolution of underground environment.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Warming Underground,Weakening Surface
B.A Silver Lining of Global Warming
C.Urban Silent Islands in the Making
D.A Silent Crisis in Downtown Chicago
B(2024浙江温州三模)
If the benefits of physical activity were made into a pill,everyone would be on it.Studies show that moving improves nearly every aspect of health:boosting sleep,strength,and mental well-being.Still,most people don’t exercise nearly enough.According to data published in 2023,less than a third of the U.S.adults get the government-recommended amount of physical activity in their free time:at least 20 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per day,plus a couple of muscle-strengthening sessions each week.
Why is it so tough to get people to do something so good for them Physical limitations,health problems and modern life are certainly factors for many people.But research suggests there’s another factor:our brains don’t want us to exercise.For most of human existence,people had to be physically active to carry out the basic functions of life,such as finding food.Humans evolved (进化) to tolerate a high level of activity—but also to conserve energy for when movement was unnecessary,explains Daniel Lieberman,a human evolutionary biologist.As a society,we no longer move much in daily life,but the evolutionary instinct (本能) to conserve energy remains,Lieberman says.“That voice ‘I don’t want to exercise,’ is completely normal and natural,” he says.
Physical-activity researcher Matthieu Boisgontier demonstrated that phenomenon in a 2018 study.He gave people control of a digital avatar (化身) while they were connected to brain-activity monitors.They were instructed to move the avatar away from images of sedentary (久坐的) behavior that appeared on screen and toward images of physical activity.The study found that avoiding sedentary behavior took more brain power,suggesting that we have an “automatic tendency” to pick relaxing over moving.
That conclusion shows up repeatedly in research.Studies show,for example,that people consistently choose to take a lift instead of the stairs.“That natural instinct isn’t bad—it’s just that modern life gives us so many chances to give in to our preference for rest that we have reached an extreme that is no longer beneficial to our health,”Boisgontier says.
5.What do data published in 2023 suggest
A.The U.S.adults have poor health awareness.
B.The recommended activities are impractical.
C.Most Americans lack sufficient physical activity.
D.Muscle-strengthening sessions deserve attention.
6.What makes people unwilling to exercise according to Lieberman
A.The physical limitations.
B.The basic structure of the brain.
C.The convenient modern life.
D.The natural energy-saving tendency.
7.What does the underlined part “that phenomenon” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Sedentary behavior took much brain power.
B.Most people tend to avoid physical activity.
C.Humans evolved for a high level of activity.
D.Brain-related activities attract modern people.
8.What is Boisgontier’s attitude towards people’s physical inactivity
A.Doubtful. B.Reserved.
C.Approving. D.Opposed.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分)
(2024山东聊城二模)
Every Saturday we trained with the same marathon running club.I had no idea he was blind because he 9 past me alongside his guide runner.It took a few weeks before I was 10 asking him what,if anything,he could see.I wasn’t just 11 by his running times.He also had a beautiful smile that lit up the room.
We had our first 12 date climbing the famous sand dune on Pacific Coast Highway.Eight years into our marriage,Adrian decided to learn to 13 ,so he could fulfill his dream of competing in an Ironman triathlon.
Adrian’s first lesson was a 14 ,but his coach’s enthusiasm was short-lived.His next instructor was easy to give in and recommended that my husband 15 swimming.So,being a competitive swimmer in high school,I was 16 I could teach him.
Soon I realized how much of a 17 swimming was for my husband,even with a tether rope.His progress at each lesson was slow but 18 .Nearly a month later,he tried without the tether rope,but 19 going in the wrong direction.Every time I raised my voice over the roaring waves he felt so 20 by my instructions.
Fortunately these days we laugh because Adrian is even faster than I am.He has grown more 21 with me when I have to raise my voice.I,in return,no longer say,“You went the 22 way!”,which makes him feel bad.Instead,I say,“Over here,” to which he 23 ,and then swims back toward me.
9.A.jumped B.flew
C.rode D.drove
10.A.comfortable B.pleased
C.awkward D.anxious
11.A.influenced B.defeated
C.confused D.impressed
12.A.easy B.official
C.vital D.complete
13.A.run B.bike
C.swim D.diet
14.A.mess B.relief
C.success D.disaster
15.A.abandon B.keep
C.risk D.appreciate
16.A.confident B.doubtful
C.grateful D.fortunate
17.A.benefit B.burden
C.regret D.struggle
18.A.slim B.steady
C.hard D.alarming
19.A.gradually B.rarely
C.cautiously D.frequently
20.A.encouraged B.worried
C.frustrated D.surprised
21.A.patient B.careful
C.popular D.disappointed
22.A.strange B.exact
C.critical D.wrong
23.A.looks B.nods
C.bows D.shouts
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分)
(2024河北邯郸二模)
Since the holding of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games,teenagers and young children 24.(show) a greater interest in skiing-related activities.Chinese people born in the 1990s and after the year 2000 are the main groups of skiers,according to Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People’s Republic of China,25. (base) the result on data from a renowned travel agency.
“During the winter that just ended,the number of bookings for skiing-related services made by these two age groups accounted 26. 60 percent of the total,and the number of children who had gone skiing with their parents was on the rise,” the travel agency said.
With the trend of Chinese consumers’ higher enthusiasm for skiing 27. (notice),a Swiss luxury watchmaker organized a day on the slopes for young skiers in early winter last year.“This reflected the company’s 28. (commit) to helping children believe in themselves through sports,” the watchmaker said.
“We 29. (firm) believe that sport is important for the integration of children.So,30. means a lot to us to be able to create environments 31. children can experience the fun and joy of sport,” said Franziska Gsell,chief marketing officer of the company.China had become one of the most dynamic markets for the company and they were 32. (confidence) about their operations in the country.
The widespread popularity of ice and the emergence of indoor ski resorts and snow parks have enabled people from the southern regions of China 33. (experience) skiing-related activities at any time of the year.
参考答案
UNIT 2 SPORTS AND FITNESS(二)
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地下气候变暖对城市地面建筑的负面影响的隐蔽性与长期性,以及介绍潜在的解决方案。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now the underground heat is building up as the planet warms.”可知,“城市热岛”是受到全球气候变暖的影响。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened,and we didn’t even realize”以及最后一句“While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives,this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change.”可推知,提出“无声的危险”是想强调地下气候变暖这一被人忽略的事实。故选D项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,该段是介绍针对地下气候变暖提出了潜在的解决方案,即可以通过更新地铁隧道和地下室的相关技术来回收利用热能,并列举了可通过安装水管这种方法来获取热能。由此推知,文章接下来应该是介绍对这种热能再使用的方法。
4.A 主旨大意题。通过归纳各段大意可知,本文是介绍地下气候变暖对城市地面建筑的负面影响的隐蔽性与长期性,以及介绍潜在的解决方案。由此可知,“地下变暖,地表变弱”适合作本文的标题。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了数据表明大多数美国人缺乏足够的体育活动,文章分析了人们喜欢久坐的原因和专家对此的看法。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“According to data published in 2023,...plus a couple of muscle-strengthening sessions each week.”可知,2023年公布的数据表明大多数美国人缺乏足够的体育活动。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“As a society,...he says.”可知,利伯曼认为,是自然节能趋势让人们不愿意锻炼。故选D项。
7.B 代词指代题。根据第二段的“That voice ‘I don’t want to exercise,’ is completely normal and natural”以及倒数第二段的“The study found that avoiding sedentary behavior took more brain power,suggesting that we have an ‘automatic tendency’ to pick relaxing over moving.”可知,人们不想运动,这是完全正常和自然的本能,下文的研究也证明了“避免久坐的行为需要更多的脑力”这一现象。故画线处代指“大多数人倾向于避免体育活动”。故选B项。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘That natural instinct isn’t bad...that is no longer beneficial to our health,’ Boisgontier says.”可推知,Boisgontier对人们缺乏运动的态度是反对的。故选D项。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的丈夫是一位盲人,他们在跑步俱乐部相识。结婚八年后,作者的丈夫决定学习游泳,以实现他参加铁人三项比赛的梦想。作者作为一名曾经的游泳健将,自告奋勇地教丈夫游泳,但在这个过程中他们遇到了很多困难。如今,作者的丈夫已经成为一名优秀的游泳选手,甚至比作者游得还快。
9.B 根据下文“past me alongside his guide runner”可知,作者的丈夫和领跑员跑得很快,就像飞一样。故选B项。
10.A 根据上文“I had no idea he was blind”以及“past me alongside his guide runner”可知,作者一开始不知道丈夫是盲人,所以需要一些时间来适应和调整之后,才自在地问起他的视力情况。故选A项。
11.D 根据下文“He also had a beautiful smile that lit up the room.”可知,作者对丈夫的印象很好,不仅对他的跑步成绩印象深刻,也被他的笑容所吸引。
12.B 根据下文“date climbing the famous sand dune on Pacific Coast Highway”以及“Eight years into our marriage”可知,作者和丈夫爬上沙丘约会,后来结婚,可推断出此处说的是他们的第一次正式约会。故选B项。
13.C 根据下文游泳教练建议他放弃游泳以及作者亲自教他游泳可知,Adrian 决定学习游泳。
14.C 根据下文“but his coach’s enthusiasm was short-lived.”可知,Adrian的教练的热情很快就消失了,可推断出第一节课很成功。
15.A 根据上文“His next instructor was easy to give in”可知,第二个教练建议Adrian放弃游泳。
16.A 根据上文“being a competitive swimmer in high school”可知,作者在高中时是一名有竞争力的游泳运动员,她对自己的游泳技术很有信心,认为自己可以教丈夫游泳。
17.D 根据下文“His progress at each lesson was slow”可知,丈夫在学习游泳的过程中遇到了很多困难,进展缓慢,这对他来说是艰难的事。
18.B 根据上文“His progress at each lesson was slow but”中的 but 可知,前后句之间是转折关系,说明虽然进步很慢,但还是有稳定的进步。
19.D 根据下文“Every time I raised my voice over the roaring waves he felt so”可知,下文说的是作者经常提高嗓门喊丈夫,可知没有了牵引绳,丈夫失去了方向,经常走错方向。
20.C 根据上文“Every time I raised my voice over the roaring waves”可知,作者在指导丈夫游泳时,声音比较大,这让丈夫感到很沮丧。
21.A 根据上文“Fortunately these days we laugh because Adrian is even faster than I am.”可知,丈夫在游泳方面取得了很大的进步,这也让他对作者的指导更加耐心。
22.D 根据上下文可知,作者也改变了自己的说话方式,作为对丈夫变得更耐心的一种回应,用更加温和的方式指导丈夫游泳,那应该是不说“You went the wrong way!”这样的话。
23.B 根据下文“and then swims back toward me.”可知,丈夫听到了作者的话,并且按照作者的指示游了回来,说明他点头表示明白了作者的意思。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是自2022年北京冬奥会举办以来,青少年和幼儿对滑雪相关活动表现出了更大的兴趣,中国90后和00后成为滑雪的主要群体。
24.have shown/have showed 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处为谓语动词,由时间状语“Since the holding of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games”可知,应用现在完成时,show的过去分词为shown/showed且主语为teenagers and young children,助动词使用have。故填have shown或have showed。
25.basing 考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词,“Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People’s Republic of China”与base之间为主动关系,应用现在分词表示主动,作方式状语。故填basing。
26.for 考查介词。句意:在刚刚结束的冬季,这两个年龄组的滑雪相关服务预订数量占总数的60%,与父母一起滑雪的孩子的数量也在增加。account for“占比例为……”,固定搭配。故填for。
27.noticed 考查非谓语动词。由空前的“With the trend of Chinese consumers’ higher enthusiasm for skiing”,可知此处为with复合结构,“the trend of Chinese consumers’ higher enthusiasm for skiing”与notice之间为被动关系,应用过去分词表示被动,构成with复合结构。故填noticed。
mitment 考查名词。由空前的“This reflected the company’s”可知,此处应填名词形式作宾语。故填commitment。
29.firmly 考查词性转换。句意:我们坚信体育对孩子们的融合很重要。由句意及空后的believe可知,应填副词形式作状语,故填firmly。
30.it 考查it作形式主语。分析句子结构可知此处应填it,作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语。故填it。
31.where 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句,先行词为environments,从句缺少地点状语,应用关系副词where。
32.confident 考查词性转换。由空前的they were可知,应填形容词形式,作表语,be confident about“对……有信心”。
33.to experience 考查非谓语动词。enable sb to do...“使某人能够做某事”,不定式作宾语补足语。故填to experience。
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