浙江省部分市
2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
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浙江省舟山市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节:(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Which Louvre Museum Ticket is Best for You
If you are Short on Time
Go for: Skip-the-line Tickets
Guide: Expert guide/audioguide
These entry tickets provide skip-the-line access, allowing you to bypass long queues. Go on a carefully tailored 2 to 3-hour guided tour with an audio headset to keep you from missing out on any explanation.
If you are on a Budget
Go for: Direct Entry Tickets
Guide: Audioguide
Get guaranteed entry within 30 minutes and explore the world’s most visited museum with an optional audio guide available in 10 languages at an affordable rate. These day-long valid tickets will let you walk around and browse through both the 38,000 permanent works and the many temporary exhibits at your own pace.
If you are a Solo Traveler
Go for: Small-Group tour
Guide: Expert guide
Small group tours offer great personalized and interactive experiences. With fewer people, you can engage with your guide and group and explore the Louvre in depth. See the Louvre’s most notable pieces like the Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo, the Winged Victory, and more.
If you are Travelling with Kids
Go for: Skip-the-line tickets
Guide: Expert guide/audioguide
With skip-the-line tickets, you can avoid long queues into the museum. The short, specialized tour will also focus on the major highlights of the Louvre, making them perfect for families with kids. A professional guide will accompany you, providing fascinating insights in a kid-friendly manner.
21.What is the primary advantage of the tickets for visitors short on time
A.Exclusive access to VIP exhibits. B.Extended access for the whole day.
C.Avoiding long queues. D.Free admission for solo travelers.
22.Which of the following do the tickets for visitors on a budget offer
A.Access to VIP exhibits. B.A day-long validity.
C.Free audio guide in 10 languages. D.Special discounts on temporary exhibits.
23.What do tickets for people short of time and for those travelling with kids have in common
A.They guarantee the same major highlights.
B.They provide specially catered insights.
C.They offer visits of approximately the same length.
D.They include quick access and a guided tour.
B
According to the United Nations, 60 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions come directly from the way that we currently produce our electricity.71 percent of the earth is covered in water yet only around 1.5 percent of the global energy is produced through wave power. That’s what inspired Eco Wave Power CEO, Inna Braverman to take on the challenge.
Two weeks after she was born in Ukraine in 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred and she got hurt, suffering from breathing arrest and a clinical death. But thanks to her mother, who was a nurse, she was saved. Growing up, she felt it her purpose to find green and sustainable energy.
Inna found that previous wave energy developers have decided to pursue offshore technologies, contributing to huge installation and maintenance costs, incredibly vulnerable stations in storms, and consequently lack of funding. Her innovative version, however, is to install the power station on land. The only part of the system in the water is the floaters which bob up and down with the waves. These push compressed air into a tank where the energy is stored to produce electricity. The floaters are attached to existing man-made structures such as banks, piers, and breakwaters.
The simplicity of the design makes it cheaper to install and maintain as well as being better protected from rough weather and therefore, insurable. Once a commercial plant producing 20 megawatt s or more (enough for 20,000 homes) is in place, the unit cost significantly reduces. “Our price of energy decreases to about $0.05 US (?0.05) per kilowatt hour, which is comparable to the prices of onshore wind,” Inna explains.
A pilot station was installed in Gibraltar in 2016. It was the first wave energy system to be connected to the grid in Europe. More tests of the wave energy system have been arranged in different countries and regions.
24.What do we know from the first two paragraphs
A.Inna was inspired by a UN program to focus on green energy.
B.Inna’s early experience enabled her to explore green energy solutions.
C.Inna came up with the idea of green energy thanks to her mother.
D.Green and sustainable energy solutions are greatly influenced by the nuclear disaster.
25.What’s the purpose of the author to write paragraph 3
A.To demonstrate the environmental impact of wave energy.
B.To highlight Inna Braverman’s innovative approach to wave energy.
C.To outline the challenges faced by other wave energy developers.
D.To provide information about wave energy production around the world.
26.How is Inna Braverman’s approach to wave energy different from previous ones
A.Its maintenance on the sea floor. B.Its dependence on government funding.
C.Its installation on land. D.Its exclusive focus on offshore technologies.
27.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Eco Wave Power: Pioneer in Sustainable Energy
B.Chernobyl Survivor’s Vision: Endless Power for the Future
C.Land-Based Wave Power: Innovation for Green Electricity
D.Onshore Energy: Eco Wave Power’s Fight Against Gas Emissions
C
Ideally, childhood is a time of growth and learning. But for many children around the world, this time is cut short when they are forced to work, sometimes in dangerous conditions. As a result, June 12 is recognized as the annual World Day Against Child Labor.
As of 2020, around 160 million children worked as child laborers, which means that one child in 10 was a child laborer. Overall, child labor has decreased over the past 20 years, but in recent years, this progress has stalled. Child labor is distinguished from ordinary housework, helping with a family business or working to earn pocket money after school. Work done by children is classified as child labor when it harms the child physically, mentally, socially or morally, or when it hinders(阻碍) the child’s education.
About 79 million children are engaged in hazardous child labor. Sometimes this means the work is extremely dangerous because of heavy machinery or exposure to chemicals. Hazardous child labor can also involve harsh conditions, long hours, or exposure to various kinds of abuse.
The primary goal of the World Day Against Child Labor is raising awareness of the issue and encouraging individuals, organizations and governments to take action. Fighting child labor is a complex task. It involves social workers who identify child laborers and take action to provide these children and their families with other options. But it also involves change in communities as a whole, challenging the social norms(行为准则) that can lead adults to make their children work.
Child labor and poverty often go hand in hand as parents feel that removing their children from school is necessary to earn money so the family can survive. So, measures or policies meant to fight poverty are also tied to preventing child labor. Being harmful to children and to communities, child labor hinders children from growing into healthy, educated citizens who could make a difference in society. By highlighting the problem and offering a variety of solutions, the World Day Against Child Labor can make the situation a bit better.
28.What does the underlined word “stalled” in the second paragraph mean
A.Slowed B.Speeded C.Stopped D.Disappeared
29.What situation can be classified as child labor
A.Helping parents with the daily housework.
B.Assisting family business during the holidays.
C.Earning money for one’s camp trip after school.
D.Working in a shoe store every weekday afternoon.
30.What’s the third paragraph mainly about
A.The consequences of child labor. B.The main types of child labor.
C.The seriousness of child labor. D.The reasons against child labor.
31.According to the text, who don’t make much effort to fight child labor
A.Social workers. B.Parents. C.Governments. D.Communities.
D
Suzanne Simard, a professor of forest ecology who called herself a “forest detective”, was raised in mountains in Canada. Few scientists make much impact with their PhD thesis, but, in 1997, she did just that. Her research on the “wood wide web” made the cover of Nature and transformed our understanding of forests. What was then a challenge to traditional ideas is today widely accepted.
A mushroom is the part of a fungus (真菌) that sticks up above the ground. Thin, white threads grow from its stem deep into the soil. These threads are called hyphae (菌丝). Hyphae connect themselves to tree roots. They also stretch from root system to root system, like an underground network. This network may go for miles. Hyphae pick up nutrients and water from soil. The fungus threads that connect to tree roots share their nutrients and water with the trees. In return, they sip a bit of the sugar the trees make. Sharing helps both trees and mushrooms live. It’s also how trees communicate.
When a tree is being eaten by bugs, it makes chemicals to shoo them away, sort of like bug repellent (驱虫剂). The chemicals travel through the tree, down its roots, and into the hyphae network. Other trees connected to the network taste the chemicals. That tells them a nearby tree is under attack, so they start to make their own bug repellent. Trees do more than share warnings through the hyphae. They also help each other. In the fall, paper birch trees drop their leaves and can no longer make sugar. So, a fir tree that stays green all winter uses the network to send extra sugar to the birch until spring comes again. This system of sharing information and nutrients through the hyphae is sometimes called the “wood wide web”, because it works a bit like the Internet.
Local climate sets the stage for the wood wide web, researchers say. In cool temperature and boreal forests, where wood and organic matter decay slowly, network-building EM fungi rule. By contrast, in the warmer tropics where wood and organic matter decay quickly, AM fungi dominate. These fungi form smaller webs and do less intertree swapping, meaning the tropical wood wide web is likely more localized.
Ecologist Thomas Crowther’s results suggest that as the planet warms, about 10% of EM-associated trees could be replaced by AM-associated trees. Microbes in forests dominated by AM fungi deal with carbon-containing organic matter faster, so they could liberate lots of heat-trapping carbon dioxide quickly, potentially accelerating a climate change process that is already happening at a frightening pace.
32.What do we know about Suzanne Simard
A.She was a professor and a forest detective.
B.Growing up in the countryside, she made the cover of Nature.
C.Like many other scientists, she made big influence on her PhD thesis.
D.Her idea of the “wood wide web” used to challenge people’s thoughts.
33.Which of the following is not hyphae’s role in the forest ecosystem
A.They facilitate tree communication. B.They form an underground network.
C.They produce sugar and share it with trees. D.They share nutrients and water with the trees.
34.How do trees use the “wood wide web” to deal with insect attacks
A.They release warning signals through leaves.
B.They produce real bug repellent to kill insects.
C.They make use of hyphae to produce chemicals.
D.They send chemical signals through the network.
35.What might be the impact of replacing EM-associated trees with AM-associated trees
A.It might slow down carbon release. B.It would break down organic matter.
C.It might speed up climate change. D.It might lead to faster tree growth.
浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末调研测英语试卷
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
With a huge variety of animals, plants, and geological features, it’s no surprise the Rocky Mountains host many national parks in both the US and Canada. Here are a few of the national parks in the region dedicated to preserving the unique environments of the Rocky Mountains.
Rocky Mountain National Park
The first of the great national parks in the Rocky Mountains, this park includes 415 square miles of land across the Continental Divide. Because of its size, visitors can experience high mountain peaks, grassy valleys, hidden alpine lakes, and beautiful waterfalls. Rock climbers can scale a thousand feet up the sheer rock cliffs of Longs Peak, and there are many hiking trails.
Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone is probably one of the most well-known national parks. President Ulyssess S. Grant designated Yellowstone as the very first national park in the United States on March 1, 1872. It is famous for its hot springs, boiling mud, fumaroles and geysers such as Old Faithful, which shoots boiling water more than 100 feet into the air. Yellowstone also has its own canyon and magnificent waterfall. Visitors can see bison, elk, wolves and grizzly bears.
Grand Teton National Park
Travelers can leave Yellowstone on a parkway that brings them right to Grand Teton National Park, just north of Jackson, Wyoming. Humans have lived in the area for more than 11,000 years, and traces of this history can be found throughout the park. Grand Teton has many opportunities for hiking, camping, boating, rock climbing, and viewing wildlife, as well as amazing views of the Grand Teton Mountain Range.
Banff National Park
Banff National Park is located near Calgary, in Alberta, Canada. Banff was Canada’s first national park, and is known for its mountain peaks, its hundreds of glaciers, and glacier-fed lakes such as Lake Louise. Banff has many hiking trails and campsites, and winter visitors snowshoe, ski, and skate.
1.Which of the following best suits winter sports lovers
A.Rocky Mountain National Park. B.Yellowstone National Park.
C.Grand Teton National Park. D.Banff National Park.
2.What can we learn from the passage
A.Rocky Mountain National Park has its own canyon.
B.Yellowstone National Park are famous for campsites.
C.Grand Teton National Park enjoys the longest history.
D.Banff National Park is the first national park in Canada.
3.Where is the passage most likely taken from
A.A science magazine. B.A travel brochure.
C.A geography textbook. D.A wildlife guidebook.
B
In 1996, someone found some very old clothes in an old mine in Nevada, USA; they included a pair of dirty old jeans. Today, those jeans are very valuable, and they are now in the Levi Strauss Archival Collection, in San Francisco. The jeans, which are over 140 years old, are the oldest pair of Levi’s 501 jeans in the world.
They are almost the same as a modern pair of 501’s; there are just some small differences in the detail For instance, today’s 501’s have two back pockets, the old pair just has one.
In 1853, a young tailor from Germany, called Levi Strauss, began working in San Francisco; Levi sold thick canvas to miners; the miners used the canvas to make tents.
One day, a miner told Levi that he could not find trousers that were strong enough for work in the gold mines. Levi decided to make some trousers out of canvas.
Very soon, he had sold all the canvas trousers he’d made! They were just what miners wanted.
However, the canvas was rather heavy and stiff Levi therefore began to look for a different textile; soon he found a heavy textile from France; it was called serge de Nimes. Americans just called this de Nimes, and this name soon got reduced to denim.
Denim was a bit lighter than canvas but it was very strong: it was ideal for miners.
However, original denim was almost white, and miners did not like the color! Their denim trousers got dirty as soon as they began working!
Levi Strauss therefore decided to use colored denim, and he chose dark blue. In 1873, he began to make denim trousers with metal rivets to make them stronger. This was a radical new idea: “Blue jeans” had arrived!
Levi’s jeans were so popular, that his company got bigger and bigger, soon, other firms were making blue jeans too. Miners liked them, but so did cowboys and other working men. Blue jeans became classic American working trousers. After the Second World War, jeans became popular all over the world. Today, blue jeans are now the international uniform worn by young people.
4.Why did Levi start to make jeans at first
A.To start a business. B.To make use of canvas.
C.To make a difference. D.To meet the miners’ needs.
5.What do you know about “denim”
A.It was originally dark blue.
B.It was introduced from France.
C.It was thought little of by cowboys.
D.It was heavy and stiff compared to canvas.
6.Which of the following can best describe Levi
A.Diligent and honest. B.Innovative and devoted.
C.Noble and persistent. D.Generous and warm-hearted.
7.What is the passage mainly about
A.A creative tailor. B.A long-existing trend.
C.The origin of jeans. D.The famous brand of jeans.
C
The Amazon rainforest spreads across nine South American countries but most of it (60%) is in Brazil. Brazilian scientists think they might have found a way to reverse the damage caused by deforestation and turn farmland back into forest. The secret lies in ancient local knowledge of soil.
Amazonian dark earth (ADE) is a thick, black soil found deep in the Amazon rainforest, and it could help restore forests around the world. ADE is a kind of compost — a soil made from dead plants and animals. Various kinds of compost are sold in gardening centers around the world, but ADE is unique. It was created by indigenous people (the descendants of people who lived somewhere before another culture arrived and took over) from the Amazon between 2,000 and 2,500 years ago. The Amazonian people, today known as Amerindians, created ADE using charcoal from fires, animal bones, food waste and poo. It contains microbes, including bacteria that help to turn chemicals in the soil into useful nutrients that feed plants and trees.
Vast areas of the Amazon have been cut down, mostly to make way for grassland for raising cattle. Scientists are looking for a way to turn grassland back into rainforest and revive forest ecosystems. These support thousands of animal and plant species, many of them unique to the area. Forests also absorb lots of carbon dioxide, a gas that cause climate change.
To see if the Amazon’s special soil could help, the scientists grew grasses and trees in ADE, regular earth and a mixture of both. Trees grown in ADE were up to six times taller than those in regular soil. ADE takes hundreds of years to create, so the scientists can’t simply make more. Team member, Dr. Siu Mui Tsai, said that instead they want to try and “copy its characteristics”, especially its helpful microbes, and see if it could help to restore natural habitats.
8.What are Brazilian scientists trying to do
A.To bring forests back. B.To measure damage.
C.To reduce farmland. D.To dig out ancient soil.
9.What made the Amazonian dark earth special
A.Dead plants. B.Animal bones. C.Food waste. D.Bacteria inside.
10.What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A.The reasons for cutting down forests. B.The benefits of raising cattle.
C.The significance of forest ecosystems. D.The influence of climate change.
11.Which of the following might Dr. Siu agree with
A.Amazonian dark earth is helpful to microbes.
B.Amazonian dark earth is produced in large quantities.
C.Microbes are beneficial to the revival of forests.
D.Microbes are the characteristics of the natural habitats.
D
Does it ever seem like something is going on with our attention spans Gloria Mark, an attention researcher at the university of California, says there is scientific evidence that attention spans have shrunk considerably. “We started studying attention span length over 20 years ago,” Mark said. “In 2003, we found that attention spans averaged about two-and-a-half minutes on any screen before people switched, In the past five, six years, they are averaging 47 seconds on the screen.”
Mark maintains that a shorter attention span has three downsides: The first is that people make more errors when they do attention shifting; second downside is that it takes longer to do something, because we have to adjust to every new task every time we shift; the third downside — maybe this is the worst of all — is that stress increases. When people are working on multiple tasks and they have to shift their attention, their blood pressure rises.
You don’t have to be a professor to guess at the cause of our great distract ability: It’s technology, of course-phones, social media, texting. It might be hard to think of the last time you even had a tech-free hour. So she offered a couple of tips for staying focused: First, when you feel the itch to change tasks, analyze why. If it’s just boredom or procrastination (拖延症), make a deal with yourself to work another 20 minutes, and then treat yourself to a reward.
Second, picture yourself at the end of the day. What do you want to have accomplished What do you want to feel “A concrete visualization of yourself sitting on the couch, you know, watching your favourite show is really good motivation,” she said.
The internet has this incredible resource available to us, so rather than be upset by it because it distracts us, how can we turn that around and instead find value from it And how can we utilize our time best when we use the resources from the Internet without getting exhausted from it These questions are what Gloria Mark will focus on in her subsequent research.
12.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.Negative effects of short attention spans. B.Benefits of long attention spans.
C.Causes of short attention spans. D.Ways to deal with short attention spans.
13.What does the underlined word in para. 3 probably mean
A.Necessity. B.Courage. C.Desire D.Choice
14.Which of the following may Gloria Mark suggest
A.Imagining what you will accomplish at the end of the day is a waste of time.
B.Multitasking is a good way to extend our attention span.
C.It is necessary to think twice before shifting your tasks.
D.We’d better say no to the internet sometimes as it distracts us.
15.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A.Are Our Attention Spans Getting Shorter B.How Do We Live with the Internet
C.Is Multitasking Possible D.What Can We Do to Make Our Attention Spans Longer
浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末检测英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。
A
Taking toddlers to the hairdressers isn’t always a walk in the park. But worry no more. There are lots of great kids’ hair salons in Singapore that make the whole process a breeze.
LA Kids Cowboy
Wouldn’t it be good if you or your partner could head somewhere for a quick cut and have the kids’ hair cut at the same time Sure would, which is why we’re loving LA Kids Cowboy. It’s Singapore’s first parent-child haircut and styling concept. Cut s are a great value of $20, making it a cheap and cheerful barber for kids.
Bonbon Blowout Bar
Bonbon Blowout Bar comes with individual tablets and sweets, so haircuts won’t seem like such a terrible affair for kids. The full-service salon provides haircuts, styling, and hair perm services for children from $28; and if it’s their first haircut, your kid will even bring home a First Haircut Certificate!
BabySpa
If you’re looking for a baby haircut, look no further. At BabySpa, your kids’ hair is in good hands. The wonderful stylists will ensure the gentles t of haircuts while your baby watches Barney, sitting in a toy car. BabySpa also offers a bathing service for kids up to age two.
Kids ‘N’ Me
This kids’ hairdressers over at United Square are a firm fan favorite. It’s down to the experienced hairstylists, who are known and loved for their awesome kids’ haircuts for football matches, from simple “short back and sides” to a full-on Mohawk. We hear children can even have their hair sprayed with temporary hair d ye for special occasions!
1. Where will a boy probably have a haircut for a football match
A. At LA Kids Cowboy. B. At Bonbon Blowout Bar.
C. At BabySpa. D. At Kids ‘N’ Me.
2. What is offered by LA Kids Cowboy
A. An adult haircut. B. A toy football. C. A bathing service. D. A Haircut Certificate.
3. Who are the target readers of the text
A. Parents. B. Hairstylists. C. Children. D. Athletes.
B
Working at a commercial bank in New York City in the mid-2010s, Anna Sacks sensed a lack of meaning in her life. She wanted to do something more fulfilling.
Some people seeking meaning might read a self-help book, or perhaps volunteer a few hours a week. Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut for three months to participate in Adamah, a farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food. Returning to New York, Sacks carried with her a newfound purpose and a set of skills to turn her dreams into reality.
“One of the things that really stuck with me from Adamah was how little waste they produced and how they handled the waste they did have, mostly through composting,” she says. “And I just thought, ‘Why aren’t we doing that here What is actually in all those bags and recycling bins at the roadsides ’”
The Adamah program opened Sacks’s eyes to the damage consumer culture is doing and the need to find solutions. So in 2016, she started working with a food rescue program, and in 2017, she found her true calling—what she calls “trash walking”.
During walks around her neighborhood, Sacks, 31, picked through trash to look for reusable items. Soon her trash walks expanded to include recycling bins in big companies. Surprisingly, she discovered really great stuff—like clothing and food—all of which she documents on Instagram and TikTok.
Under the name The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained popularity for her educational, funny, and surprising videos that highlight the problems with consumerism and share information about how to live a more sustainable lifestyle. “The root issue is overproduction, which leads to over-consumption, which leads to a large amount of waste,” she says.
Sacks is one of the most influential climate change activists on social media today. The lesson from her trash walking isn’t just that we need to produce less stuff. It’s that we need to stop throwing perfectly good items in the trash too.
4. What motivated Anna Sacks to get involved in Adamah
A. A self-help book she read. B. Her job at a commercial bank.
C. Her desire for a meaningful life. D. The volunteer experience she had.
5. What did Anna Sacks find impressive about Adamah
A. Fast-growing food output. B. Sustainable living practices.
C. Advanced farming techniques. D. Various waste management methods.
6. Why did Anna Sacks start her “trash walking” initiative
A. To improve her living conditions. B. To gain popularity on social media.
C To advertise her food rescue program. D. To handle the damage by consumer culture.
7. What does the author advocate to reduce waste
A. Raising prices on products. B. Collecting second-hand items.
C. Producing high-quality goods. D. Making full use of products.
C
“All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way,” opens Leo Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina. While Tolstoy’s quote is famous, it is also inaccurate. It ignores the fact that happiness is a subjective (主观的) experience. Therefore, happy families and individuals come in all shapes and sizes. Even nations, we now know, can be happy in different ways.
Since 2012, the World Happiness Report has been ranking countries according to their levels of happiness. The latest report ranks Finland as the happiest country in the world, followed by Denmark and Iceland. Happiness matters.
Happier people more often engage in their communities and help others, making them important building blocks for advancing societies. So nations worldwide have increasingly focused on promoting people’s happiness.
Scientists employ “subjective well-being”, commonly termed “happiness”, to include both happiness and life satisfaction. They have identified characteristics typical of countries with high levels of happiness. Studies suggest richer countries are happier. Institutional quality, such as strong courts and good laws, also plays a vital role in shaping happier nations.
A country’s culture also influences subjective well-being. It is frequently analyzed from four main aspects: individualism, masculinity (男子气概), power distance and uncertainty avoidance. In individualistic countries, people tend to put their own interests first, leading to higher levels of happiness. Happier nations usually have lower levels of masculinity, which show a preference for cooperation, care and equal opportunities for both men and women. Happier nations also tend to more evenly distribute (分配) power, called “low power distance”. Finally, happier nations appear to be more tolerant of uncertainty, less anxious about risk-taking, and therefore more likely to seize life’s opportunities.
Although the image of a happy country sounds similar as described in these terms, all happy nations are not alike. That’s because each nation has different cultural, economic, and social factors that shape their unique identities and experiences.
The takeaway from this research is that governments worldwide should adopt a flexible approach to policy making, recognizing that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to promoting well-being.
8. Why does the author quote Leo Tolstoy
A. To give the definition of happiness. B. To introduce the topic of happiness.
C. To show the inaccuracy of his statement. D. To recommend his novel Anna Karenina.
9. Why are nations placing great emphasis on people’s happiness
A. It is related to people’s satisfaction with the government.
B. Happiness of a nation helps improve its international image.
C Individual happiness contributes positively to social progress.
D. Nations worldwide are competing for high happiness rankings.
10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The importance of happiness. B. The differences among happy nations.
C. The ways to promote happiness. D. The impact of culture on happiness.
11. What does the underlined word “takeaway” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Message. B. Method. C. Reason. D. Result.
D
In times of intense stress, people sometimes let it out with a scream and a new study suggests that plants might do the same. Researchers at Tel Aviv University in Israel has found that plants let out ultrasonic (超声的) screams when damaged or stressed by drought.
The noises, falling within a range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, are too high-frequency for humans to hear, but other plants and some animals perceive them. Insects might be listening for sounds from stressed plants to assess their condition before laying eggs on their leaves. A moth (蛾) may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed.
Researchers attached recording devices directly to plants to listen for secret sounds inside their stems (茎). In drought, air bubbles formed, burst and caused vibrations (振动) within the tissue that normally carries water up the plants’ stems. The process was picked up by the attached recording devices, but researchers wanted to know if any plant sounds could travel through the air.
So the team placed microphones 10 centimetres from stressed-out tomato and tobacco plants They subjected one set of crops to drought and another to physical damage. A third group was untouched.
The microphones did pick up distinct sounds. On average, drought-stressed tomato plants let out about 35 ultrasonic screams per hour, while those with cut stems made about 25. Drought-stressed tobacco plants let out about 11 screams per hour, and cut crops made about 15 sounds in the same time. The average number of sounds from untouched plants fell below one per hour.
The researchers also attempted to identify each plant group just based on its screams. Using a type of artificial intelligence calculations, the team picked out distinct features in each set of sounds and successfully sorted their plants into three kinds: “dry, cut or untouched.”
If it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation, farmers might be able to hear these stress signals too. In future, enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction”, which will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.
12. The moth is mentioned in paragraph 2 to show __________.
A. moths need enough water when laying eggs
B. some animals are able to hear plants scream
C. some insects are picky about their surroundings
D. wildlife species depend on each other when stressed
13. What can we learn from the research
A. Plants’ sounds couldn’t be detected by humans.
B. Plants can be grouped according to their features.
C. Plants’ screams are related to stress types in a way.
D. Air bubbles contribute to the lack of water in plants.
14. What does the last paragraph focus on
A. Supporting evidence for the research result.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Plants’ Vibrations: Way to React to Stress
B. Stress Signals: Secret Newly Found in Plants
C. Green Screams: Plants Make Noises When Stressed
D. Ultrasonic Screams: Discovery Opens a New Chapter
浙江省台州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末质量评估英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Do you know the next space explorer or climate change hero Got an idea that will transform people’s lives Inspire inquisitive minds to think big, challenge facts, ask questions and invent solutions with the UK’s top annual science and engineering competition. The Big Bang Competition is open and will close for entries on 27 March 2024.
How to enter
The Big Bang UK Young Scientists & Engineers Competition is free, and is open to young people in the UK aged 11 to 18 in state-funded secondary education, who are home educated or who enter as part of a community group.
Competitors can only enter one project into The Competition, either as an individual or as part of a team. Project entries for The Competition can cover any topic in the field of STEM and competitors can find inspiration in The Big Bang Project Gallery online, which is home to past projects, with topics ranging from improving well-being to creating sustainable solutions. Entry into The Competition is through the online heat only.
Key dates
Online entry opens: October
Online entry closes: 5 pm on Wednesday 27 March
Finalists announced: Thursday 25 April
Special Awards judging(virtual): Tuesday 7 May to Wednesday 15 May
VIP Judging(virtual): Wednesday 8 May to Thursday 9 May
Prizes
The Big Bang Competition offers a fantastic opportunity for young people to win amazing prizes in recognition for their hard work. Prizes range from generous cash prizes to prestigious(有声望的) titles, and may change a bit from year to year.
1. What’s the purpose of The Big Bang Competition
A. To appeal to young people to explore space.
B. To call on young people to win amazing prizes.
C. To fuel young people’s creativity for better lives.
D. To transform young people’s lives with inventions.
2. What can we learn about the competitors
A. Participants should submit entries by 15 May.
B. Multiple projects are allowed for each participant.
C. Competitors should focus on sustainable solutions.
D. Winners will receive grand awards for their efforts.
3. Which section of a website is the text probably taken from
A. Culture and society. B. Science and technology.
C. Nature and environment. D. Sports and entertainment.
B
Bobby Wilson is retired. Well, he’s supposed to be. But the Georgia farmer, “The Garden Man” named by his community, used his retirement savings to buy and operate a nonprofit farm—the Metro Atlanta Urban Farm-and he hasn’t slowed down since.
Years ago, Bobby Wilson saw a need for fighting hunger in his community. He worked hard all his life, but when it came time to retire, he knew his job wasn’t over yet. So he poured his time, money and energy into stepping up to fill that need and combat food insecurity. He dedicated his life to helping his community and to creating a healthier, more sustainable world for his grandchildren.
Wilson is on a mission. He’s on several missions, actually. While working for the University of Georgia for twenty years in gardening education, he saw a real need for affordable, nutritious food in his under-served community in the Atlanta metropolitan area. As food prices rise, the need has only increased. Families across the nation are feeling the pinch. It’s getting harder and harder for people to afford nutritious food. According to U.S. Hunger, one in ten households faces food insecurity. In Georgia, where Bobby Wilson lives, the problem is even more terrible, with one in eight people facing hunger. So Bobby Wilson is on a mission to help families in his disadvantaged neighborhood grow their own food on small tracts of land using sustainable practices. At a time when thousands of households are struggling to make ends meet, Wilson insists that people can save thousands of dollars if they grow their own vegetables. And he has set up a teaching farm on five acres of land in College Park, in the heart of the city, to show people how to do just that. Numerous volunteers are educated on the agriculture industry, including how to best acquire land and resources.
Asked about the principle of the farm, Wilson said, “It’s more than just a farm. It’s about justice, diversity, and inclusion. We are working for the community.”
4. Why did Bobby Wilson buy the Metro Atlanta Urban Farm
A. To continue to work after retirement. B. To provide healthy food for the community.
C. To show his grandchildren how to grow food. D. To educate volunteers on the agriculture industry.
5. What does the underlined phrase “feeling the pinch” mean in the third paragraph
A. Struggling financially. B. Suffering mentally.
C. Emotionally disturbed. D. Physically challenged.
6. Which words can best describe Bobby Wilson
A. Committed and adventurous. B. Generous and devoted.
C. Ambitious and knowledgeable. D. Responsible and modest.
7. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A A Retired Farmer Spreads Knowledge of Farming
B. The Metro Atlanta Urban Farm-More Than a Farm
C. A Mission of Creating a Sustainable Agricultural World
D. The Garden Man Feeds a Community with Retirement Money
C
Consumers may soon find meat on restaurant menus that has never walked the earth—grown from cell to fillet (肉块). The product, called “cultured” or “cultivated” meat, is reaching more plates. Cultivated chicken has been sold in a Singapore restaurant since 2020, and recently the Department of Agriculture approved the sale of cultured chicken in the United States. More than 150 businesses worldwide are working to put beef, fish, and pork on the market, too.
Cultured meat begins as a cell from an egg or a piece of traditionally butchered meat. Fed with certain nutrients for two or three weeks, the meat is processed into forms that consumers are familiar with. “Initial research is in a lab, but the meat is made in a production facility.” says Josh Tetrick, CEO of Good Meat, one of the USDA-approved cultured chicken manufacturers. The company has made public their own nutrient analysis, evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration, which reveals that the nutritional profiles of their products are almost identical to conventional meats.
By alleviating the raising and killing of animals, cultured meat companies say their product helps reduce animal cruelty and will be better for the environment. Their process uses far less land because there’s no need to house animals or grow their feed. Cultured beef, especially, could reduce the number of cattle on farms-a significant source of methane emissions. However, some studies contradicted that cultured meat may also require greater energy usage than conventional production. Much of the environmental impact will depend on whether the energy used is renewable and on the efficiency of future production technology.
Given a growing consumer consciousness around animal rights and climate change, supporters foresee a future meat market where consumers will choose between different kinds of conventional meat, cultured meat, and plant-based alternatives. Approved sale of cultivated chicken in the U.S. is a landmark moment, but not yet a revolution. While cultured meat’s widespread consumption and impact on the economy seem a step closer to reality, scientists, philosophers, and the product’s own manufacturers acknowledge years of work lie ahead.
8. What’s the first paragraph mainly about
A. The official approval of meat marketing.
B. The growing popularity of meat products.
C. The increasing promotion of cultured meat.
D. The widespread consumption of cultured chicken.
9. In what way is cultured meat similar to conventional meat
A. Initial forms. B. Production efficiency.
C. Nutritional contents. D. Consumption prospect.
10.Why does the author mention cultured beef in paragraph 3
A. To explain the process of raising animals.
B. To compare cultured meat and conventional meat.
C. To emphasize the environmental benefits of cultured meat.
D. To highlight the significance of reducing methane emissions.
11. What attitude do scientists hold for the future consumption of cultured meat
A. Cautious. B. Confident. C. Doubtful. D. Worried.
D
Right now, summers are getting hotter, winters colder and the polar ice is melting at an alarming rate. Extreme weather events and natural disasters frequently occur. The climate time-bomb is ticking. Strict measures must be taken to tackle the problem.
It reminds me of how the lives we live seem to follow roughly in the way put forward years earlier by the writers of science-fiction. I guess it’s “life imitating art”. When I was young there were stories about rockets going into space and even going to the moon, although there had never been a rocket into space at that time. Years later, Russia launched Sputnik, the first man-made object to go into earth orbit and later the US landed people and even a car on the moon.
When I was growing up there were also science-fiction stories about governments looking for solutions when the world’s natural resources were being over-extended, such as they are in the case of climate change. The solution in the stories was to assume that the cause of the problem was over-population and the solution, therefore, was to limit the number of people. Various plans were put forward for doing that, from limiting the birth rate to killing off anyone over a certain age. That age, if I remember correctly, was usually about 60 and when you reached that you were supposed to turn yourself over to a government facility where you would be put to death.
Still, a look at the old science-fiction stories provides an interesting and somewhat chilling approach to what is acknowledged to be a very serious and worsening world-wide problem. There is general agreement that urgent action is needed to stop us from literally making our world unfit to live on. The answers, at least so far, concentrate on managing those resources and the ways in which we use them. However, I wonder if the day will come when life will imitate the art of the old science-fiction stories and someone will propose limiting the number of people on the planet as a way of making it more suitable for those who are left. It’s a grave thing to predict.
12. What does the author say about climate problems
A. The problems can be tackled in a scientific way.
B. The problems are in urgent need of being resolved.
C. The explosion of extreme climates is under control.
D. The loss of natural resources leads to climate changes.
13. How does the author clarify the concept of “life imitating art”
A. By giving examples. B. By using quotes.
C. By giving definitions. D. By making contrast.
14. What possible solution to climate problems concerns the author
A. Removing overpopulated species. B. Getting rid of seniors.
C. Over-extending natural resources. D. Moving onto the moon.
15. What’s the author’s tone in the passage
A. Calm. B. Serious. C. Frustrated. D. Matter-of-fact.
浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末教学质量统一检测英语试题(A卷)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
California is home to some of the most beautiful botanical gardens in the country. Suppose you want to appreciate unique landscapes and native plants, this post has what you need to experience in the Golden State.
San Francisco Botanical Garden
Located in the Golden Gate Park, this garden is home to over 9,000 types of plants. It has 55acres of walking paths and streams where families, couples, and solo travelers can escape from the noise of the city. It offers attractive florals (植物群) during every season of the year.
California Botanic Garden
It’s the largest botanic garden devoted to California-native plants. As a living museum, the California Botanic Garden features over 22,000 California-native plant species, many of which are endangered species. The garden offers guided walks and tours for visitors who want a behind-the-scenes look at the garden and its many beautiful species.
UC Botanical Garden at Berkeley
This garden features the most diverse landscapes in the world. It has over 10000 types of plants. The plant collections here are impressive; visitors can wander for hours and still find new plants to admire. Special events are hosted there throughout the year, including plant sales and summer camps for kids.
San Diego Botanic Garden
This coastal California botanic garden has 4 miles of trails and ocean views and features over 5,000 plant species. Among 29 uniquely themed gardens on-site, the bamboo garden collection is a must-see. With over 100 species within the living collection of bamboo, guests can experience many distinctive eco-friendly plants up close.
If exploring the botanical gardens in California is on your to-do list, don’t wait any longer! We’re confident this collection of must-see outdoor gardens will entertain, amaze, and inspire you.
1. Which botanical garden has the most types of plants
A. San Francisco Botanical Garden. B. California Botanic Garden.
C. UC Botanical Garden. D. San Diego Botanic Garden.
2. What is special about San Diego Botanic Garden
A. It holds different events regularly. B. It has distinctive theme gardens.
C. It features California-native plants. D. It shows various landscapes worldwide.
3. Who are the intended readers of the text
A. Travellers. B. Gardeners. C. Researchers. D. Guides.
B
Have you ever wondered what happens to your mobile phones and laptops after you throw them out to make way for a newer model According to its latest Global E-Waste Monitor, India is the third top producer of e-waste in the world. E-waste in Indian landfill goes on to pollute soil and groundwater, affecting food supply systems and water sources.
Thankfully, the country has a new group of artists who are changing these thrown mechanical items-from mobile phones to old televisions- into large murals (壁画) and artworks to creatively show their concern for the waste problem.
Over the past quarter of a century, Mumbai’s Haribaabu Naatesan has transformed hundreds of tonnes of e-waste into art, integrating elements from nature and industry. “I get my waste material from friends, relatives and neighbours who know my interest in e-art and send me bags of thrown electronic appliances,” says Naatesan. Over his career, he has created huge murals for several companies. He has also showed his work at the India Art Fair, as well as several other national displays.
Another artist Vishwanath Davangere has also long worked with e-waste. He likes to take apart old laptops and reassemble (重新组装) them into birds animals and plants. After retirement, he started pursuing this hobby more seriously and started selling his creations across the world. His most outstanding works include a robotic Egyptian statue with glowing red eyes and a Milky Way made from keyboard keys. He hopes to enable others to reconsider their own consumption habits and make more environmentally conscious choices.
“By giving e-waste a second chance, I aim to raise awareness about the environmental impact of electronic waste.” says Davangare, who today has a collection of more than 600 eco-art objects.
4. Why do the artists create artworks from E-waste
A. To promote their artistic career. B. To update electronic appliances.
C. To make profits for several companies. D. To express their environmental concern.
5. What can we learn about Naatesan from paragraph 3
A. His creations are displayed globally. B. He gains support from people around.
C. He has been creating e-art for 10 years. D. His works integrate technology and history.
6. Which of the following best describes Davangere
A. Reliable. B. Confident. C. Devoted. D. Generous.
7. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. E-waste Recycling Sweeping the World B. Environmental Problems Worrying Indians
C. An Art Movement Turning Trash into Cash D. Indian Creatives Transforming E-waste into Art
C
In 1921, Karel apek’s play R. U. R.: Rossum’s Universal Robots had its first public performance in Prague, and was translated into English the following year. He needed a name for the factory produced humanoid workers of the story, and was thinking of coining something based on the word “labour”. But his brother Josef suggested an old Czech word for “forced labour”, robota. And the word “robot” was born.
If the apeks had known English, they might have chosen one of the words with relevant senses that were already in the language. “Automaton” had been available since the 17th century and “android” since the 18th. But the clear sound of “robot” seemed to capture the public imagination, because within five years it was being used not only for intelligent artificial beings but for any machine capable of carrying out a complex set of movements.
In science fictions(小说), the word took on new life, with writers such as Isaac Asimov writing well-regarded novels in which robots played a central role. It was these writers who first shortened “robot”to“bot”, but none of them could have expected the explosion of usages which arrived in the 1990s, as the shortened word came to be adopted in computing. Today, a bot is any piece of software that runs an automated task, such as in searching the Internet or playing computer games. It has also become a suffix (后缀), with the function of the“bot”explained in the other part of the word, as in searchbot, infobot, spybot and warbot.
As early as 1923, George Bernard Shaw had applied the word “robot” to people who act automatically, without thinking or emotion, usually because of the repetitive work they have to do. Now anyone having automaton-like behaviour risks attracting the label. A movie star called Samantha who has taken on the same type of character too many times might have her roles described as “Samanthabots.” And in 2009 “Obamabots” arrived-people who support Barack Obama without really knowing anything about him.
8. What does the underlined word “coining” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Delivering. B. Predicting. C. Inventing. D. Recommending.
9. How did the word “robot” develop in the 1990s
A. It was no longer linked with machines. B. It was gradually replaced by “android”.
C. It was shortened and used in computing. D. It was only adopted in well-regarded novels.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The usage of “robot” in different situations.
B. The impact of “robot” on people’s behaviour.
C. The popularity of “robot” among movie stars.
D. The connection of “robot” with public figures.
11. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A writer’s biography. B. A science fiction.
C. A technology newspaper. D. A language encyclopedia.
D
The road to a Nobel Prize, the most respected scientific award in the world, is growing ever longer, with almost half of winners now waiting more than 20 years from making a Nobel-worthy discovery to receiving the prize.
One analysis shows that the average time between publishing the work and receiving one of the science prizes has nearly doubled in the past 60 years. Across the three science prizes, chemistry now has the longest “Nobel lag”—an average of 30 years over the past decade—and physiology or medicine has the shortest, at 26 years.
Alfred Nobel’s will stated that the prizes should be awarded “to those who, during the previous year, shall have given the greatest benefit to mankind.” In reality this has only happened a few times. But in the first half of the twentieth century, it was common for Nobel prize winners to be in their 30s -and that is unheard of now, says Santo Fortunato, now a computational social scientist at Indiana University.
There are a number of possible reasons for this, says Yian Yin, a computational social scientist at Cornell University. It could be that the overall number of breakthroughs is increasing each year, so awards cannot keep up with the number of people who deserve to be recognized, he says. It is also the case that the importance of some works, which Yin describes as “sleeping beauties” are only realized years or decades later. Besides, the lengthening gap could be a sign that there has been a decrease in “disruptive” science - important studies or discoveries that change the paradigm (范式) of their field. This could be causing the Nobel committees to focus more on the past.
Fortunato points out that, if the gap continues to grow, outstanding scientists could miss out on the award owing to the Nobel Committee’s rule banning posthumous prizes (追授奖项). “It has to stop at some point,” he says, adding that a rethink of the posthumous-awarding ban would allow more people’s work to get the recognition that it deserves.
12. Why does the writer mention the numbers in the first two paragraphs
A. To explain a rule. B. To present a fact.
C. To clarify a concept. D. To make a prediction.
13. What can we learn about the Nobel prize winners from the paragraph 3
A. None of them are in their 30s nowadays. B. Their names are unheard of by the public.
C. None of them receive the prizes several times. D. They must make contributions the year before.
14. Why might be a cause of the Nobel lag
A. The change in standards. B. The requirement of the award.
C. The increase in breakthroughs. D. The tradition of the committees.
15. What does Fortunato suggest in the last paragraph
A. Reconsidering the current rule. B. Establishing a better committee.
C. Stopping the award presentation. D. Recognizing more people’s work.
参考答案:
浙江省舟山市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
21.C 22.B 23.D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了不同类型卢浮宫的门票的相关信息。
21.细节理解题。根据If you are Short on Time部分“These entry tickets provide skip-the-line access, allowing you to bypass long queues.(这些入场券提供了插队通道,让您可以绕过长队)”可知,时间紧迫的游客门票的主要优势是可以避免排长队。故选C项。
22.细节理解题。根据If you are on a Budget部分“These day-long valid tickets will let you walk around and browse through both the 38,000 permanent works and the many temporary exhibits at your own pace.(这些为期一天有效的门票将让你以自己的节奏四处走动,浏览38000件永久作品和许多临时展品)”可知,预算有限的游客门票提供一天有效期。故选B项。
23.细节理解题。根据If you are Short on Time部分“These entry tickets provide skip-the-line access, allowing you to bypass long queues. Go on a carefully tailored 2 to 3-hour guided tour with an audio headset to keep you from missing out on any explanation.(这些入场券提供了插队通道,让您可以绕过长队。带着音频耳机,进行精心定制的2到3小时导游之旅,以免错过任何解释)”以及If you are Travelling with Kids部分“With skip-the-line tickets, you can avoid long queues into the museum. The short, specialized tour will also focus on the major highlights of the Louvre, making them perfect for families with kids. A professional guide will accompany you, providing fascinating insights in a kid-friendly manner.(有了插队票,你就可以避免博物馆排长队了。这次简短的专业之旅还将聚焦于卢浮宫的主要亮点,使其成为有孩子的家庭的完美之选。专业导游将陪伴您,以儿童友好的方式提供引人入胜的见解)”可知,两种门票的共同点在于都提供快速通道,可以绕过排长队,并且都提供导游服务。故选D项。
24.B 25.B 26.C 27.C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Eco Wave Power公司首席执行官Inna Braverman采用陆基发电站的创新方案利用波浪能进行环保发电的事迹。
24.推理判断题。通读前两段,根据第二段中“Growing up, she felt it her purpose to find green and sustainable energy. (在成长过程中,她觉得找到绿色和可持续的能源是她的目标。)”可知,Inna的早期经历促使她探索绿色能源解决方案。故选B项。
25.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inna found that previous wave energy developers have decided to pursue offshore technologies, contributing to huge installation and maintenance costs, incredibly vulnerable stations in storms, and consequently lack of funding. Her innovative version, however, is to install the power station on land. (Inna发现,以前的波浪能开发商已经决定采用海上技术,这导致了巨大的安装和维护成本,以及在风暴中非常脆弱的站点,因此缺乏资金。然而,她的创新方案是将发电站安装在陆地上。)”可知,本段的目的是突出Inna Braverman对波浪能的创新方法。故选B项。
26.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inna found that previous wave energy developers have decided to pursue offshore technologies, contributing to huge installation and maintenance costs, incredibly vulnerable stations in storms, and consequently lack of funding. Her innovative version, however, is to install the power station on land. (Inna发现,以前的波浪能开发商已经决定采用海上技术,这导致了巨大的安装和维护成本,以及在风暴中非常脆弱的站点,因此缺乏资金。然而,她的创新方案是将发电站安装在陆地上。)”可知,Inna Braverman对波能的研究方法与之前不同的是将发电站安装在陆地上。故选C项。
27.主旨大意题。通读全文,根据第一段“According to the United Nations, 60 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions come directly from the way that we currently produce our electricity.71 percent of the earth is covered in water yet only around 1.5 percent of the global energy is produced through wave power. That’s what inspired Eco Wave Power CEO, Inna Braverman to take on the challenge. (根据联合国的数据,全球60%的温室气体排放直接来自我们目前的发电方式。71%的地球被水覆盖,但只有1.5%的全球能源是通过波浪能产生的。这就是Eco Wave Power公司首席执行官Inna Braverman接受挑战的原因。)”和第三段中“Her innovative version, however, is to install the power station on land. (然而,她的创新方案是将发电站安装在陆地上。)”可知,本文讲述了Eco Wave Power公司首席执行官Inna Braverman采用陆基发电站的创新方案利用波浪能进行环保发电的事迹。C“陆基波浪能:绿色电力的创新”符合主题,故选C项。
28.C 29.D 30.C 31.B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来童工问题的严重性及其社会原因。
28.词句猜测题。划线词句前文“As of 2020, around 160 million children worked as child laborers, which means that one child in 10 was a child laborer. (截至2020年,约有1.6亿儿童成为童工,这意味着每10个儿童中就有一个是童工。)”说明一直到最近依然有相当多的童工,在解决童工问题上没有进展。从而推知划线词句“Overall, child labor has decreased over the past 20 years, but in recent years, this progress has stalled. (总体而言,童工在过去20年中有所减少,但近年来,这一进展stalled。)”其中划线部分意思是“停滞不前,没有进展”。故选C项。
29.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Child labor is distinguished from ordinary housework, helping with a family business or working to earn pocket money after school. Work done by children is classified as child labor when it harms the child physically, mentally, socially or morally, or when it hinders(阻碍) the child’s education. (童工不同于普通的家务劳动,帮助家庭经营或在放学后打工赚零花钱。儿童从事的工作如果在身体、精神、社会或道德上对儿童造成伤害,或妨碍儿童的教育,就被归类为童工。)”并结合选项可以推知,每个工作日的下午都在鞋店工作可以被归类为童工。故选D项。
30.主旨大意题。根据第三段“About 79 million children are engaged in hazardous child labor. Sometimes this means the work is extremely dangerous because of heavy machinery or exposure to chemicals. Hazardous child labor can also involve harsh conditions, long hours, or exposure to various kinds of abuse. (约有7900万儿童从事危险的童工劳动。有时这意味着工作是非常危险的,因为重型机械或接触化学品。危险的童工还包括恶劣的条件、长时间工作或遭受各种虐待。)”可知,本段主要讲童工问题的严重性。故选C项。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Child labor and poverty often go hand in hand as parents feel that removing their children from school is necessary to earn money so the family can survive. (童工和贫困常常相伴而行,因为父母认为让孩子辍学是赚钱养家的必要条件。)”可以推知,贫困家庭的父母不会尽力反对使用童工的现象。故选B项。
32.D 33.C 34.D 35.C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一位自称“森林侦探”的森林生态学教授Suzanne Simard对于“宽木网”的研究改变了人们对于森林的理解,真菌和树木可以互助互利。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Her research on the “wood wide web” made the cover of Nature and transformed our understanding of forests. What was then a challenge to traditional ideas is today widely accepted.(她对“宽木网”的研究成为了《自然》的封面,改变了我们对森林的理解。当时对传统观念的挑战如今已被广泛接受)”可知,Suzanne Simard提出的“宽木网”的想法在当时是对传统观念的挑战。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These threads are called hyphae (菌丝). Hyphae connect themselves to tree roots. They also stretch from root system to root system, like an underground network. This network may go for miles. Hyphae pick up nutrients and water from soil. The fungus threads that connect to tree roots share their nutrients and water with the trees. In return, they sip a bit of the sugar the trees make. Sharing helps both trees and mushrooms live. It’s also how trees communicate.(这些线被称为菌丝。菌丝与树根相连。它们也从一个根系延伸到另一个根系,就像一个地下网络。这个网络可以延伸数英里。菌丝从土壤中吸收养分和水分。与树根相连的真菌丝与树木共享营养和水分。作为回报,它们吸收一点树木做的糖。分享有助于树木和蘑菇的生存。这也是树木交流的方式)”可知,菌丝促进树木之间的交流、形成地下网络并与树木共享营养和水分,“菌丝生产糖并与树木分享”表述错误。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据第三段“When a tree is being eaten by bugs, it makes chemicals to shoo them away, sort of like bug repellent (驱虫剂). The chemicals travel through the tree, down its roots, and into the hyphae network. Other trees connected to the network taste the chemicals. That tells them a nearby tree is under attack, so they start to make their own bug repellent.(当一棵树被虫子吃时,它会制造化学物质将它们赶走,有点像驱虫剂。这些化学物质穿过树木,从根部进入菌丝网络。其他连接到菌丝网络的树木品尝这些化学物质。这告诉它们附近的一棵树受到了攻击,所以他们开始自己制造驱虫剂)”可知,树木通过网络发送化学物质作为信号,告诉附近的树木自己受到了昆虫的攻击,以便于其他树木制造驱虫剂以应对昆虫的攻击。故选D。
35.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Microbes in forests dominated by AM fungi deal with carbon-containing organic matter faster, so they could liberate lots of heat-trapping carbon dioxide quickly, potentially accelerating a climate change process that is already happening at a frightening pace.(以AM真菌为主的森林中的微生物处理含碳有机物的速度更快,因此它们可以迅速释放出大量吸热的二氧化碳,这可能会加速已经以可怕的速度发生的气候变化过程)”可知,用AM相关树替换EM相关树可能会加速气候变化。故选C。
浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末调研测英语试卷
1.D 2.D 3.B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家公园以及旅游特色。
1.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Banff has many hiking trails and campsites, and winter visitors snowshoe, ski, and skate.(班夫有许多徒步小径和露营地,冬季游客可以穿雪鞋、滑雪和滑冰)”可知,班夫国家公园最适合冬季运动爱好者。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Banff was Canada’s first national park, and is known for its mountain peaks, its hundreds of glaciers, and glacier-fed lakes such as Lake Louise.(班夫是加拿大的第一个国家公园,以其山峰、数百座冰川和路易斯湖等冰川湖泊而闻名)”可知,班夫国家公园是加拿大第一个国家公园。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段“With a huge variety of animals, plants, and geological features, it’s no surprise the Rocky Mountains host many national parks in both the US and Canada. Here are a few of the national parks in the region dedicated to preserving the unique environments of the Rocky Mountains.(落基山脉拥有种类繁多的动物、植物和地质特征,因此在美国和加拿大拥有许多国家公园也就不足为奇了。这里有几个国家公园