山东省部分市2023-2024高三上学期期末英语汇编：阅读理解（含解析）

山东省部分市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
山东省威海市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题（含解析）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
For the Birds! (FTB!) is a place-based city conservation education program serving 2,000+ New York City youth and community members with a focus on schools and communities across all five boroughs (行政区) that are underserved by environmental education. The mission of FTB! is to get youth excited about helping birds and the places they need to survive. FTB! not only provides knowledge of local species and habitats but also encourages a sense of ecological place in one’s own community and empowers youth to take an active interest in protecting their local environment for birds and people.
For the Birds! Program Options
In-person Programs: During a 4, 8, or 12 session program, program participants learn about birds and local habitats in their neighborhood through both in-class and outdoor lessons. The curriculum is adaptable for grades 6-12. Each program ends with a field trip to a local park and/or a habitat project designed to attract birds and other wildlife to their community. Click here for our full course catalog.
Contact FTB!
To get started, learn more, or for questions about New York City FTB! programs, please contact our New York City team member.
Located outside of New York City Audubon New York centers also offer FTB! program and volunteer opportunities. Reach out to a center near you to learn more.
New York City Lianne D’Arcy, Senior Coordinator, Education & Volunteer Outreach lianne.darcy@audubon.org Finger Lakes Region Montezuma Audubon Center 2295 State Route 89, Savannah, NY 13146 montezuma@audubon.org
Hudson Valley Region Rebecca Schultz Education Manager Constitution Marsh Audubon Center and Sanctuary 127 Warren Landing Road, Garrison, NY 10524 rschultz@audubon.org Long Island Julie Nelsen, Education Manager Theodore Roosevelt Sanctuary and Audubon Center 134 Cove Road, Oyster Bay, NY 10524 jnelsen@audubon.org
1. What is the goal of FTB!
A. To build up community connections. B. To get youth involved in bird protection.
C. To raise money for bird-saving programs. D. To inform youth of endangered bird species.
2. Which can best describe FTB! programs
A. They feature online lessons. B. They involve hands-on activities.
C. They focus on global environment. D. They offer 6 options for program duration.
3. Which website can help the youth in Long Island learn more about FTB!
A. lianne.darcy@audubon.org B. rschultz@audubon.org
C. montezuma@audubon.org D. jnelsen@audubon.org
B
In the world of contemporary art, there are artists whose creativity and originality challenge the established boundaries, attracting the public with their wisdom. One of these innovators is the famous Chinese artist Cai Guo-Qiang, whose art installations (装置艺术) leave everyone speechless.
With an imaginative mind and an unconventional approach, Cai Guo-Qiang has become a master of fireworks display, employing the gunpowder of fireworks in his art in a truly extraordinary way. Through the mastery of said material and the explosions controlled, Cai creates installations that go beyond expectations and take the public on an unforgettable journey.
One of his most important creations is the installation titled “The rise of butterflies”. In this work, Cai uses a combination of gunpowder and paper to create a striking cloud of flying butterflies. The delicate winged creatures move back and forth in the air, creating a magical and ephemeral effect that goes against the laws of gravity.
But perhaps one of the most curious and daring installations of Cai Guo-Qiang is “The garden of ephemeral sculptures”. In this work, the artist uses controlled explosives to sculpt shapes in huge blocks of ice. As the explosions occur, the icy figures gradually transform, creating an ephemeral and ever-changing scene. It is as if the sculptures come alive for a brief moment before disappearing completely.
Cai Guo-Qiang is an artist who breaks the limits of imagination. His installations transport us to a world of magic, where fire and gunpowder become tools for creation. He combines aesthetic (审美的) beauty with unusual elements, making his works unique and fascinating. Without a doubt, Cai’s impact on contemporary art is undeniable. His installations have attracted audiences around the world and will inspire future generations to break free and find beauty in the unpredictable (不可预测的).
4. Which might be the best title for Cai Guo-Qiang
A. An explosive genius. B. A creative sculptor.
C. A traditional painter. D. An artistic pioneer.
5. What does the word “ephemeral” mean in the passage
A. Unique. B. Short-lived.
C. Unconventional. D. Breath-taking.
6. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Cai’s impact on art is unpredictable.
B. Cai’s success results from global recognition.
C. Cai’s art changes traditional concept of beauty.
D. Cai’s art inspires artists to think outside the box.
7. What is the text most likely to be
A. A diary entry of Cai Guo-Qiang.
B. A profile of celebrity in a magazine.
C. A scientific research paper on fireworks.
D. An advertisement for a fireworks company.
C
The world’s largest whales are more than just astonishing creatures. Much like the ocean, soil and forests, whales can help save humans from the increasing climate crisis by storing carbon. In a paper published recently, climate researchers suggest that whales are important, but often overlooked, carbon sinks.
The enormous size of these marine mammals, which can reach 150 tons, means they can store carbon much more effectively than smaller animals. And because whales live longer than most animals, they could be “one of the largest stable living carbon pools” in the ocean. Even when whales die, their dead bodies fall down to the deepest parts of the sea and settle on the seafloor, trapping the carbon they’ve stored in their bodies. An indirect way whales can be critical carbon sinks is through their waste. Whale poop (粪便) is rich in nutrients which can be taken up by phytoplankton — tiny organisms that suck up carbon dioxide as they grow.
The process of carbon sequestration helps reduce climate impact, because it locks away carbon that otherwise would have warmed the planet somewhere else for hundreds, if not thousands of years.
Yet whales are threatened, with six out of 13 great whale species classified as endangered or vulnerable due to threats including industrial whaling, as well as trap in fishing equipment, climate change-caused shifts in prey availability, noise pollution and more.
Heidi Pearson, a researcher at the University of Alaska Southeast, said the research shows that protecting whales has a double benefit — helping to stop the biodiversity crisis as well as human-caused climate change. Protecting whales is a low risk and low regret strategy, because there’s really no downside. She said there was no risk to this strategy compared to other untested, expensive solutions to capturing and trapping carbon, such as geoengineering.
But there remain big gaps in knowledge to fully determine how whale carbon should be used to slow down climate changes. Pearson hopes the current paper pushes policymakers to consider whales as a significant part of climate change solution.
8. What does paragraph 2 focus on about whales
A. What their life cycles are like. B. Why their roles are overlooked.
C. Why they are called carbon sinks. D. Where they are on the food chain.
9. What does the underlined “it” refer to
A. The waste of whales. B. The carbon trap of whales.
C. The death of whales. D. The carbon cycle in nature.
10. What does Heidi Pearson want to stress
A. Geoengineering is costly and untested.
B. The strategy involving whales carries no risks.
C. Protecting whales can be a natural climate solution.
D. Whales’ survival is the key to stopping biodiversity crisis.
11. What is the purpose of the text
A. To call for further research on whales. B. To call on people to balance the ecosystem.
C. To present a new reason for protecting whales. D. To stress the need of addressing climate changes.
D
College and high-school teachers are expressing concern about ChatGPT, an AI program that allows people with limited writing skills to create high-quality texts. It calls into question how and why we teach writing at all. If AI can do a fairly good job at most writing tasks, why spend so much time learning writing in school
In fact, learning to write goes beyond just mastering grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. It involves much more. For one thing, it’s about learning to turn a loose set of thoughts into a clear line of reasoning — a skill that is useful for everyone, not just those who enjoy writing or need to do a lot of it for work.
Learning to write also trains your imagination to construct the person who will read your words. It puts you in relation to someone you may not know, someone who may even not exist. When you learn to write, you learn to meet their needs in an unfamiliar context. Even ordinary assignments teach students to predict what another person knows and expects.
Writing is never simply self-expression. It’s expression to a specific audience for a specific purpose. In some cases like a love letter, a writer knows their audience very well. In others, the audience is every bit a work of the imagination as a novel’s characters are. Writers, then, should give up trying to address the public at large, but should imagine that a friend, though not the closest friend, is listening to our talk.
When this act of imagination is done well, a reader can feel deeply understood, as if a stranger has told them some previously unknown truth about themselves. That’s how I felt reading “Difference Maker” — an essay about parenthood. While our situations were unique, naming the problem provided a deeper understanding.
It seems unavoidable that large-language models of AI will allow us to offload some of the writing tasks that students learn in school. But we can’t allow ourselves to lose the capacity to empathize (共情) with distant strangers at just the moment when we’re more able than ever to communicate with them.
12. What is teachers’ concern about ChatGPT
A. It’s a challenge to apply it to teaching. B. It’s hard to grade a paper written by it.
C. It limits students’ imagination and creativity. D. It questions the necessity of teaching writing.
13. What does the author think of learning to write
A. It helps with logical thinking. B. It is a basic skill for everyone.
C. It focuses on correct expression. D. It is closely related to social skills.
14. What makes writing effective according to the text
A. Expressing oneself. B. Targeting intended readers.
C. Conveying imaginative ideas. D. Creating attractive characters.
15. What may be a suitable title for the text
A. What AI Can’t Teach the Writing Students B. ChatGPT Writing VS Traditional Writing
C. Never Lose the Capacity for Empathy D. What Is the Future for AI Writing
山东省泰安市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题（含解析）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Here are four less well-known sites in Britain.
The Giant’s Causeway
Located on the northern coast of Ireland, the Giant’s Causeway is a natural phenomenon that consists of thousands of interlocking basalt (玄武岩) columns. The columns were formed by an ancient volcanic eruption and now create an unforgettable landscape that looks like a path built by giants. Visitors can walk along the Causeway and take in the breathtaking views of the Atlantic Ocean.
Avebury Circle
Avebury Circle is a prehistoric stone circle located in Wiltshire, England. It is the largest stone circle in Europe, with stones up to 30 feet tall. The circle was created by Neolithic people around 2500 BC and is a proof to their engineering skills and cultural practices. Visitors can explore the circle and learn more about this ancient monument through guided tours and exhibitions.
Dartmoor
Dartmoor is a national park located in Devon, England, and is one of the most unspoiled (未被破坏的) places in the country. The park is famous for its wide-open spaces, rocky outcrops, and ancient stone circles. Visitors can enjoy hiking, horseback riding, and wildlife watching in Dartmoor, which is also home to an abundance of Dartmoor ponies, foxes, and peregrine falcons(游隼).
The Minack Theatre
The Minack Theatre is a unique open-air amphitheater (圆形露天剧场) located on thecliffs of Cornwall, England. It was carved out of the rock face by Rowena Cade, who transformed her garden into a theater for performances. Today, visitors can attend professional productions at the Minack Theatre, which offers unforgettable views of the Atlantic Ocean and Porthcurno Bay.
1. Where can you have a chance to watch wild animals
A. Avebury Circle. B. Dartmoor.
C. The Giant’s Causeway. D. The Minack Theatre.
2. Which of the following is a fact presented in the passage
A. Dartmoor hardly keeps an original state.
B. The Giant’s Causeway was built by giants.
C. The Minack Theatre was not intended as a theatre.
D. Avebury Circle is the largest stone circle in the world.
3. How is the Giant’s Causeway different from the other sites
A. It is located in Ireland. B. It has ancient stone circles.
C. Visitors can have a close encounter with it. D. Visitors can enjoy views of the Atlantic Ocean.
B
When Yuan Qiu received his admission letter from Southwestern University, he smiled broadly from the wheelchair he’s used for five years. Then he turned to his mother, Xie Xianlian, and saw she quickly wiped tears away, pretending her eyes were blurred by sand.
The 18-year-old young man is from a poor, rural family in Chongqing. His father died of lung cancer when he was a child. Yuan was diagnosed with progressive muscular dystrophy (肌肉萎缩症) when he was three years old. His older brother, who was paralyzed (瘫痪), died of the same disease at the age of 22. After long-term medication, Yuan decided to stop taking the medicine due to its high cost and there was no sign his health was getting better. The condition worsened as Yuan grew older. He could only walk slowly on flat ground and relied on others to carry him up and down stairs. When he was 14 years old, he could no longer stand up and had to use a wheelchair.
At first, his mother hesitated between continuing Yuan’s education and saving money for treatment. But Yuan was determined. “I must go to school or I will be absolutely useless,” he said. So Xie made a promise to herself: “I will never let my son drop out.” To her relief, Yuan was always willing to help her with farm work as much as he could. Yuan and his mother’s perseverance moved many people and also won the support of his teachers and classmates. “He never asked for more because of his disability,” one of Yuan’s teachers said, “His strong characteristics unconsciously encouraged me and the students.” Yuan’s stepfather also changed his attitude after seeing Yuan’s persistence and aspiration to study and gain knowledge. “I never complain to him, it is a loss that they didn’t get the chance to read,” Yuan said.
Through his own efforts, Yuan scored 670 in the college entrance exam. The Southwestern University said they will arrange a job for Xie, so she can better take care of her son while he is at university.
4. What does the underlined word “blurred” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Covered. B. Blocked. C. Indistinct. D. Invisible.
5. Which of the following best describes Yuan
A. Adaptable and indecisive. B. Persistent and sensitive.
C. Delicate and hard-working. D. Diligent and considerate.
6. What can we infer from the passage
A. Yuan’s condition improved with long-term medication.
B. Yuan always has a positive impact on the people around.
C. Diagnosed with muscular dystrophy, Yuan was paralyzed.
D. Yuan and his brother both had the same disease, but only he recovered.
7. Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A. An Unlucky Man’s Lucky Life
B. A Rural Student’s Journey to Education
C. A Young Man Who Received Help Is Grateful
D. A Young Man in a Wheelchair Is Admitted to University
C
Overlooking the Biblioteca degli Alberi is Milan’s “Vertical (垂直的) Forest”: two residential tower blocks built in 2014 that are covered in 800 trees,4,500 shrubs and 15,000 plants. If this forest was planted on the ground, it would cover 20,000 m2— the size of three and a half football fields.
Each year the trees will absorb 10,000 tons of CO2 and 57 tons of pollutants. They should also produce about 900 tons of oxygen. Boeri’s team of architects says the plants will also decrease the average air temperature, create noise barriers and boost biodiversity by creating a habitat for birds, insects and small animals.
It is not just physical wellbeing that is aided by large green structures in our cities. The team behind Sydney’s 100mhigh “vertical garden” claims it is a new form of “living architecture” that reminds us of “the restorative impact that nature has on our souls”. Just how restorative living near trees and plants is for our souls is open to debate; but studies in Germany have suggested that it can be extremely beneficial for our brains.
Scientists examined brain image sequences (顺序) of 341 elderly residents of Berlin, focusing particularly on the amygdala —the part of the brain that controls our fear responses and is responsible for stress and anxiety disorders. They found that there was strong connection between residents living within 1km of the forests on the edge of the city and those with the healthiest amygdala. A health y amygdala means being less likely to suffer from the stress and anxiety disorders controlled by this part of the brain. Mood and anxiety disorders are up to 56%higher in urban environments when compared to rural locations.
With two-thirds of the world’s population predicted to be living in cities by 2050 Milan’s Vertical Forest might show the world a way to create healthier, happier urban spaces.
8. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The area of the city forest. B. The way of building city forest.
C. The positive influence on the city forest. D. The expected effect of the city forest.
9. What is the author’s attitude towards the Vertical Forest
A. Favorable. B. Suspicious. C. Objective. D. Indifferent.
10. Studies in Germany show that ______.
A amygdala controls our fear responses
B. living near forests is beneficial for our souls
C. people near the forests are less likely to feel anxious
D. more residents will live in Vertical Forest in the future
11. Which of the following may the author agree with
A. Cities are turning suitable for people to live in.
B. There is a worldwide focus on how to improve biodiversity.
C Milan’s Vertical Forest becomes an example of urban biodiversity.
D. The Vertical Forest covers the size of three and a half football fields.
D
Food shopping has become a dangerous pursuit. Ready-meals are packed with salt and preservatives (防腐剂) breakfast cereals are sweeter than chocolate bars, and processed meats are packed with nitrite-preservatives, which can form harmful compounds when cooked. A new term is catching on to describe these nutritional bad guys: ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Just how bad are UPFs, and what do they do to us
In his new book, “Ultra-Processed People”, Chris van Tulleken, a doctor and television presenter, argues that UPFs dominate the food supply in rich countries, and are also creeping into diets in low-and middle-income countries.
The concept of UPFs was put forward by Carlos Monteiro, a Brazilian scientist, in 2009.His team observed that although people in Brazil were buying less sugar and oil, rates of obesity and type-2 diabetes (糖尿病) were rising. That was because they were instead eating more sugar, fats and additives in packaged snacks and pre-made meals.
UPFs often go through many complicated industrial processes. That does not make them all unhealthy — a soya-based meat substitute can be part of a balanced meal — but the frequent consumption of UPFs causes a series of issues. Arguably, some UPFs are more alike to industrial products than food. There is plenty of evidence linking many ingredients in UPFs, such as sugar, salt, and saturated fats (反式脂肪), to negative health outcomes.
Yet UPFs are cheap, tasty and abundant, and for those on a tight budget or on specific diets, such as vegan (严格素食主义者), there are often few available alternatives. It is possible to eat well by selecting the right UPFs, such as whole-grain cereals. Government scientists at the American government’s Agricultural Research Service showed it was possible to build a health y diet with 91% of calories from selected UPFs. But Marion Nestle, a professor of nutrition at New York University, criticised the study, saying the researchers had a conflict of interest through their links to the food industry. Better stay cautious in those tricky supermarket walkways.
12. How does the author introduce the topic in Paragraph 1
A. By analyzing certain reasons. B. By comparing different views.
C. By explaining the term of UPFs. D. By providing background information.
13. What makes UPFs so bad for our health
A. People are addicted to them.
B. UPFs contain no nutrition.
C. They are packed with artificial flavors.
D. They are calorie-rich, and nutrient-poor.
14. What does the author want to say about UPFs
A. All UPFs are not healthy. B. UPFs are good for nothing.
C. UPFs are not economical. D. UPFs are part of ready-meals.
15. What’s the opinion of Marion Nestle
A. A healthy diet can certainly be built from UPFs.
B. Think twice before choosing UPFs when shopping.
C. There’s an association between intake of UPFs and cancer.
D. Government scientists represent the interests of consumers.
山东省聊城市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题（含解析）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
America is one of the best travelling options for everyone. Here the Good Hotel Guide shares some of the top American hotels for travelers to choose from.
The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Golf Resort
If you want a quiet, stress-free getaway, The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Golf Resort might be just the place. Sitting right on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, this hotel is a destination unto itself. Meanwhile, staff goes out of their way to attend to their guests’ needs. However, if you are hoping to explore urban areas, be warned this hotel is located approximately 25 miles south of the city.
The Peninsula Chicago
Travelers describe the guest rooms as comfortable thanks to their modern techie touches, like a bedside remote command station that controls the lights, television and room temperatures. During your stay, guests recommend making time for the tasty Cantonese dishes served in the Shanghai Terrace restaurant. However, for many travelers, it was The Peninsula Chicago’s friendly service staff that convinced them to stay here again.
Sonesta Los Angeles Airport LAX
Located just 1,312 feet from Los Angeles International Airport, this hotel offers free 24-hour airport shuttles, easy access to the city center. With nearby motorways, Hollywood is just 12 miles away from Sonesta Los Angeles Airport LAX. Couples in particular like the location — they rated it 8.5 for a two-person trip because of its convenience and the welcoming staff.
Sheraton Gateway Los Angeles Hotel
This modern hotel provides free 24-hour dedicated shuttle service to Los Angeles International Airport, just 3 minutes’ drive away. Guests can relax in the outdoor heated pool. Recent guests give the courteous and professional staff high praise. Couples like the location best — they rated it 8.7 for a two-person trip.
1. If you want to relieve your tension, which hotel would you like to choose
A. Sonesta Los Angeles Airport LAX.
B. The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Golf Resort.
C. The Peninsula Chicago.
D. Sheraton Gateway Los Angeles Hotel.
2. Which hotel is the most favorable to couples
A. The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Golf Resort.
B. The Peninsula Chicago.
C. Sonesta Los Angeles Airport LAX.
D. Sheraton Gateway Los Angeles Hotel.
3. What do the four hotels have in common
A. They offer convenient access to the downtown area.
B. They have quality customer service.
C. They are popular among couples.
D. They are located near the airport.
B
This story is part of Nature’s 10, an annual list produced by the world’s leading science journal Nature, exploring individuals who contributed to the key developments in science. On the 2023 list published, the journal included a non-human entity — ChatGPT, for the first time.
ChatGPT and related software can help to brainstorm ideas enhance scientific search engines and identify research gaps in the literature, says Marinka Zitnik, who works on AI for medical research at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. Models trained in similar ways on scientific data could help to build AI systems that can guide research, perhaps by designing new molecules or simulating cell behaviour, Zitnik adds.
But why include a computer program in a list of people who have shaped science in 2023 ChatGPT is not a person. But actually, it and other generative artificial-intelligence (AI) programs are changing how scientists work. They have also rekindled debates about the limits of AI, the nature of human intelligence and how best to regulate the interaction between the two. That’s why this year’s Nature’s 10 has a non-human addition.
Interestingly, Nature’s list also includes one of its creators. Ilya Sutskever, the chief scientist and cofounder of OpenAI, the organization that created ChatGPT, is one of the minds at the forefront of generative artificial intelligence. He saw this company as an opportunity to develop general artificial intelligence that could outperform humans and develop its own consciousness.
Sutskever believes that artificial intelligence’s potential is too great for models to be available to anyone who wants to use them, and he was among the first to realize that the systems that scientists like his mentor, Geoffrey Hinton, had begun to develop would begin to show their actual capabilities as computing power increased. In recent months, he devoted his efforts toward creating a method to direct and control artificial intelligence systems that are more intelligent than humans.
4. Which of the following is true about Nature’s 10 according to the passage
A. Nature’s 10 is celebrating the development of science technology.
B. Only human beings were elected as Nature’s 10 before.
C. Nature’s 10 was started in 2023 for the first time.
D. It was awarded by the local government yearly.
5. What is the second paragraph about
A. Experts’ opinions on ChatGPT.
B. How ChatGPT functions.
C. The application of ChatGPT in science research.
D. The promotion of ChatGPT.
6. What does the underlined word rekindled in paragraph 3 mean
A. Settled. B. Restarted. C. Participated. D. Launched.
7. Which of the following can best describe Ilya Sutskever’s attitude towards ChatGPT
A. Confident and cautious. B. Proud and concerned.
C. Objective and doubtful. D. Enthusiastic and warning.
C
The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre has recently “rediscovered” an ancient shark skeleton that has been sitting in the museum’s collection for nearly 50 years. Could this shark be a part of a newly discovered ancient shark species
This fossil’s original discovery was in 1975 on a farm just west of Morden, Manitoba. The skeleton was brought into the museum and was forgotten within the ever-growing fossil collection. The skeleton was hidden in the collections room for over 40 years and the center just recently found the fossil in its storage around eight years ago.
Adolfo Cuertara, the director of the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre, explained that “It’s a very special shark for many reasons. It’s highly possible that we are talking about a new species.” Although the shark has not been given a scientific name yet, the museum has unofficially named the skeleton, “Dave”, in honor of the farmer on whose land the skeleton was found.
After the fossil rediscovery, Dave was exhibited at the fossil center museum. Dave is around 15 feet long and is one of the largest well-preserved shark skeletons in the entire world. Within the paleontology (古生物学) world, complete shark fossils are extremely rare due to their soft cartilage (软骨结构) which disintegrates as they age. Dave’s shark species are filter feeders with no teeth, who receive their nutrition by absorbing it out of the water. Cuertara emphasizes Dave’s uniqueness by explaining, “The shape of the jaws and the skull and the kind of structures that it has, because the preservation is really amazing, is telling us that it is probably going to be a new species. The problem is now we need scientific papers and scientific research and this paper is underway.”
The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre is hopeful that more scientific research will provide more information on Dave’s ancient shark species. For now, Dave is currently on display at the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre and the museum has the exhibit up to date with their current information.
8. Where probably could you find this article
A. Science textbook of college.
B. Advertising brochure of museum.
C. Discovery column of magazine.
D. Bulletin board of animal world.
9. What does the underlined word “disintegrates” mean in the fourth paragraph
A. Die away. B. Break down. C. Build up. D. Lie down.
10 What evidence made scientists believe Dave is a new shark species
A. The structure of skull and jaw.
B. The preservation of jaw and the skull.
C. The uniqueness of no teeth structure.
D. The rare soft cartilage.
11. What is the main idea of the text
A. Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre displays Dave ancient shark species.
B. Dave’s shark species is a new species of ancient shark.
C. Canadian Museum rediscovers a new ancient shark species.
D. Dave’s shark skeleton is in honor of the farmer who rediscovered it.
D
Typically people are more likely to share things that can lead to an exchange of saliva (唾液), such as kisses or an ice cream cone, with family members or close friends than with an acquaintance or a colleague. As a result, it can be markers of a “thick relationship”, which can help babies work out who is in close relationships with one another, a study suggests.
Ashley Thomas, a developmental psychologist at MIT, and colleagues ran experiments of people engaging with puppets (木偶). Researchers, of course, can’t know exactly what babies are thinking. But tracking where they look is one way to get a hint. The idea is not that young children might be expecting an adult to comfort the puppet, Thomas says. Instead, the researchers expected that the young children would look toward the person that they expect to move first when the puppet expresses distress (悲伤), and that would be the person who has a closer relationship with the toy, she says.
For some of the experiments, the team showed 8-to 10-month-old babies or 16-to 18-month-old toddlers videos of a woman sharing an orange slice with a puppet. A second video depicted another woman and the puppet playing with a ball. During a final video that showed the puppet seemingly crying while seated between the two women, the kids’ eyes were drawn to the woman who had shared the orange slice — a sign the kids may have been expecting her to react.
The team saw similar results when one woman interacted with two puppets. The woman stuck her finger in her mouth and then one puppet’s mouth to share her saliva. For the other, she touched only her forehead and then the puppet’s forehead. Infants and toddlers spent more time looking at the puppet that had swapped saliva after the woman showed distress.
This study throws new light on child’s psychology. But it’s unclear how the findings relate to the daily lives of young children. Future experiments could switch out actresses in the study for family members or teachers to better understand the role saliva may play in how babies and toddlers distinguish different types of relationships.
12. What can help babies figure out close relationships
A. Things that can result in an exchange of emotion.
B. Intimate actions that share saliva.
C. An ice cream cone in the Sweet Stop.
D. Behaviors that comfort the puppet.
13. How do researchers know who has a closer relationship with the puppet in babies’ eyes
A. By finding what babies are thinking.
B. By tracking where babies point.
C. By knowing who the young children look toward.
D. By watching who come to comfort the puppet.
14. What’s the purpose of paragraph 4
A. To give supporting evidence for the study results.
B. To show potential application of the study findings.
C. To make a brief conclusion of the study results.
D. To raise a reasonable doubt about the study process.
15. What’s the author’s attitude to this new finding
A Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Objective. D. Unclear.
山东省菏泽市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题（含解析）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Literary festivals all over the USA offer opportunities for readers to meet their favorite authors and learn about their new projects. You can start planning your next literary vacation!
Summer Words
Dates: June 19-22
Price: Free
It’s one of America’s most respected literary festivals and writing conferences. Authors are able to attend advanced workshops in order to improve the craft of writing. Besides, they can meet editors and literary agents and attend public panel discussions to gain inspiration and insight.
Book Bonanza
Dates: June 23-24
Price: $250
It is a celebration of books covering multiple styles and always nets a huge list of incredible author attendees. What makes it stand out, however, is not just its impressive list of attendees: it’s the charitable focus. All proceeds are donated to charitable causes, including those that benefit women and children.
Los Angeles Times Festival of Books
Dates: April 22-23
Price: Free, although indoor panels will require tickets
It is a massive celebration of books and the bookish community, with book signings, panel discussions with distinguished professors and experts, art performances and book giveaways. The two-day event has grown to become an essential element of the L.A. cultural scene.
Imaginarium Book Festival
Dates: May 20-21
Price: Free, but VIP tickets for early entry to signing rooms ($45), tickets for the brunch ($50)
It celebrates all things about fantasy and science fiction. In addition to panels where authors will answer your questions, you’ll get to meet and acquire signed books from your favorite authors and have the option of brunching with them at the cosmic (宇宙的) brunch buffet.
1. In which literary festival can you catch a show
A. Summer Words.
B. Book Bonanza.
C. Los Angeles Times Festival of Books.
D. Imaginarium Book Festival.
2. What is special about Book Bonanza
A. Its profits go to charity.
B. It’s meant for women and children.
C. It doesn’t charge admission fee.
D. It features workshops for notable writers.
3. What can you do in Imaginarium Book Festival
A. Get an author-signed photograph.
B. Dine with your admiring writers.
C. Interact with science fiction supermen.
D. Obtain one-on-one reading training.
B
In a video submitted to a nationwide science competition, Heman Bekele from Virginia spelled out his mission briefly — cure cancer, one bar of soap at a time. He created a cheap soap that could potentially help fight skin cancer. His invention won him the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” at the 3M Young Scientist Challenge, an annual competition that invites students in grades five through eight to “change their world for the better with a single innovative idea”, on October 10, 2023.
At age 4, Heman moved to America from Ethiopia, where he always saw people constantly working under the hot sun. While he considered ideas for the competition, it struck him that so many people in his hometown were unaware of the risk of sun exposure. The recollections fueled his decision to focus his research on skin cancer.
“I hoped to make my idea something that not only was great in terms of science but also could be affordable for as many people as possible,” Heman said. As he initially thought about his approach, Heman wanted his product to be something as much of a “constant” in people’s life as possible, an item that was most convenient in contrast to other medicinal products.
In June 2023, he was selected as a top-ten finalist and paired with 3M product engineering specialist Deborah Isabelle to develop and test a physical prototype (原型) of his idea. It took the pair four months of trial and error to create “Skin Cancer Treating Soap” (SCTS). The bar contains chemicals that restore the body’s dendritic cells killed by cancer cells. Once reconstructed, dendritic cells, the body’s first line of defense against cancer and infections, are capable of fighting against cancer cells. SCTS, which costs just 50 cents a bar, still has to undergo clinical trials. The process could take over five years.
Heman’s plan for the soap stretches far beyond the winning. He has a five-year plan, which includes seeking approval from the Food and Drug Administration. He also hopes to start a nonprofit to distribute the soap in the future. “There is still a lot left to do,” the 14-year-old teenager said.
4. What inspired Heman’s idea for the invention
A. Folk tales. B. Childhood memories.
C. Working experiences. D. Medical observations.
5. In which aspect did Heman want his product to differ from other treatments
A. Accessibility. B. Function. C. Security. D. Effectiveness.
6. How does SCTS work
A. It minimizes solar radiation. B. It kills cancer cells directly.
C. It reactivates destroyed cells. D. It removes viruses from the skin.
7. Which of the following best describes Heman according to the last paragraph
A. Industrious and sociable. B. Ambitious and caring.
C. Intelligent and competitive. D. Sensitive and conservative.
C
Andrea Lankford quit her job after spending 12 years as a National Park Service forester specializing in search and rescue missions in scenic and remote American landscapes. However, decades later, three young hikers went missing on the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT). She found herself unable to turn away from the three separate cases despite challenges in the inquiry into them.
Trail of the Lost was her answer.
It’s an absorbing nonfiction narrative (叙事) about the three hikers, including their lives and those of the people looking for them. It also explores the history of the PCT and the rich subculture, practices and even literature that surround it and those who undertake the 2,650-mile journey.
The book is a rich multilayered narrative that works on three different levels. The first is the story of each of the three hikers. Lankford offers a biography (传记) of each of the missing men and shows them through the eyes of those who knew them well and those who joined the search.
Right underneath the narratives about the three hikers are the stories of everyone looking for them. Lankford played a role in each search but she allowed friends, family and even strangers to occupy center stage throughout most of the narrative. The story looks at the role of missing person Facebook groups in the searches and how crucial word of mouth can be. Many warm-hearted individuals came forth and became instrumental in the searches or provided valuable information. But Lankford also writes of the many who lied for no apparent reason and confused the investigations.
The narrative also shines a light on diverse aspects of the PCT. Lankford, who has hiked the entire Appalachian Trail and was the first person to mountain bike the 800-mile Arizona Trail, knows just how the PCT is physically and mentally demanding. Besides, the book explores threats from mountain lions to people with bad intentions who don’t observe the PCT’s unspoken moral rules, serving as a revelation of the well-known, hidden or ignored dangers of the PCT.
Written with a clear, fast-paced, straightforward style, Trail of the Lost is as full of hope and humanity as it is packed with pain, sorrow, danger and tension. Read it and you’ll find more than you seek.
8. What led Lankford to write Trail of the Lost
A. Her love for her prior career.
B. Her strong attachment to the PCT.
C. The stress from the missing families.
D. Her investigation into hikers’ disappearance.
9. What is presented on the second level of the book
A. Efforts by different people in searches.
B. A string of wilderness survival tips.
C. Approaches to information classification.
D. Respective stories of the three hikers.
10. What’s the purpose of mentioning Lankford’s previous adventures
A. To promote her book.
B. To make her a celebrity.
C. To motivate hikers to challenge themselves.
D. To stress the difficulty of hiking the PCT.
11. What can we say about the book
A. It targets single youth.
B. It’s a romantic novel.
C. It’s based on actual events.
D. It’s a detailed account of a journey.
D
Do you have a favorite sport Are you passionate about sewing or reading Typically you engage in these activities simply because you enjoy them. Would you be taken aback to know the overjustification effect that when you are rewarded for your beloved activities, your desire to participate in them diminishes
Edward Deci a psychology professor, conducted a series of experiments, in one of which Deci divided the participants into two groups: one was paid to complete a puzzle, and the other was not paid to. After money was removed, the group that was previously paid to play showed less motivation to complete the task than the group that was never paid and only did the puzzle for enjoyment. The outcome demonstrated the overjustification effect, which occurs when an external stimulation decreases a person’s internal motivation to perform a behavior or engage in an activity.
According to the self-determination theory, three conditions are essential for people to feel internally motivated and perform at their best: autonomy, freedom from external restrictions; competence, the need to feel capable, and relatedness, the need to feel connected with others. In Deci’s experiment, money acted as a tie, which reduced participants’ autonomy, a crucial component of internal motivation, discouraging them from experiencing the freedom of external restrictions. The pressure to perform for the money lessened the pleasure and freedom felt by those who were doing the puzzle merely for fun.
But if external stimulation is tied to performance, the overjustification effect is less influential. For example, being rewarded for studying is unlikely to decrease internal motivation because the grade depends upon actually doing well rather than just going through the motions.
While the overjustification effect can reduce motivation, some strategies can lower its impact. One is to focus on providing feedback and recognition rather than concrete rewards. For instance, praising an individual’s effort or acknowledging their accomplishments can maintain their internal motivation. Additionally, allowing individuals to have autonomy and control over their tasks also works. By giving them the freedom to choose how they complete tasks, individuals are more likely to be internally motivated and experience a greater sense of satisfaction and engagement.
12. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Remains. B. Weakens. C. Ceases. D. Solidifies.
13. How did Deci prove the overjustification effect in the experiment
A. By interpreting a concept.
B. By presenting an argument.
C. By making a comparison.
D. By describing a phenomenon.
14. What is mainly illustrated in paragraph 3
A. The skills needed for a puzzle.
B The core elements of inner drives.
C. The impact of autonomy on competence.
D. The theoretical basis for the overjustification effect.
15. Which serves as an example of preventing the overjustification effect
A. Speaking highly of a pupil’s hard work.
B. Rewarding a kid with candy for playing the violin.
C. Offering a clerk financial bonuses for daily routines.
D. Promising an employee a decent position for doing his duty.
山东省枣庄市2023-2024学年高三上学期一模（期末）英语试题（含解析）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Walk and dance on the ceilings, sit in a bathroom with an upside-down toilet, grab a chair in the home office, and traverse the entry way, sitting-room, bedroom, kitchen and e on down, upside-down, to House Down Under, Australia’s first inverted house photo experience!
This hugely successful, unique and exciting attraction is back just in time for the school holidays at Rouse Hill Town Centre in Western Sydney. It is a must-see, family-friendly, fun experience with a range of installations and activities inside a completely inverted house.
Visitors can spend as much time as they like inside the house, so they can take their time perfecting poses and taking as many photos as they like. House Down Under staff are always on hand in the house,offering advice, tips on best photo ops and to snap pictures of the whole group.
House Down Under is open from 1 April and opening hours can be found at the end of this article or on the official website.The building is located between the Metro and the Town Centre at Market Square, Rouse Hill Town Centre and you won't be able to miss it.
Rouse Hill Town Centre is also a great place for families with a variety of entertainment and food options, so make it a day out and enjoy everything on offer.
Entry tickets to House Down Under are $27 for an adult; $19 for a child;$23 for a concession (优惠), with family passes ranging from $52-$74 for a family of four. For further information on House Down Under, visit the website, www. house . au.OPEN DAILY-Weekdays 9 am to 6 pm; Weekends 10 am to 6 pm.
1 What is special about House Down Under
A. It is conveniently located.
B. All staff are properly trained.
C. All things are upside-down in it.
D. It supplies flexible food options.
2. What can visitors do in House Down Under
A. Take pictures at will.
B. Enjoy a shopping trip.
C. Have a family party.
D. Visit its occupants.
3. How much does a family of four pay at least for the entry
A. $23. B. $27. C. $52. D. $74.
B
My three grandchildren grew up, listening to someone read and learning to read.They discovered Jeanne Birdsall, Ben Hatke,Sara Penny packer and Rick Riordan. I read and loved—many of the books. Often, I was reminded of my running story.
I started running when my older daughter was in primary school. During those early days, she made her disrespect for running clear. Later she did run. She ran throughout high school and had been running ever since. We often ran together. At first, I slowed down for her. But very soon, her pace improved, and she was slowing down for me.
Now I compared this with my reading grandchildren. At first,adults-parents,grandparents and teachers-led the way. Then the kids learned to read, and soon they were mere specks in the distance, gulping down books we’d never heard of, referring to series we’d never come across.
Early on, I began preparing myself for the inevitable. The era of cozy reading sessions would end.Indeed, it ended,in the case of my granddaughter. She and her mother still read together, but mostly she read on her own. My grandsons also read like they breathed-in the car, at the table, while walking from the parking lot to the ball field and back again, eyes on their books.
I trailed behind them this summer as they collected a heaping pile of books from the library. They sustained them through ten days in the Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks. The night before our flight home, each of them were read, some more than once.
Recently, I picked up a book once owned by a child who was now these boys’ uncle. I began reading aloud during a moment of wild enjoyment, and within minutes both boys were beside me on the couch, listening to narrator Ludlow Fitch describe a terrifying attack and his escape to the tiny village of Pagus Parvus.
4. What’s the author’s purpose of telling her running story
A. To explain the benefits of running.
B. To share her running experience.
C. To exhibit her girl's talent for running.
D. To show the similarities of learning to read.
5. What is the key to guiding children to read in the author’s view
A. Setting an attainable goal.
B Being a model yourself.
C. Discovering their interests.
D. Providing suitable books.
6. What does the underlined part imply in Paragraph 3
A. They made their own choice.
B. They soon followed suit.
C. They quickly lost interest.
D. They did much better.
7. What can we learn about the children from last two paragraphs
A. They were all fond of books.
B. They all had curious minds.
C. They were keen on traveling.
D. They liked thrilling stories.
C
Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely stroll through the streets — this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city.
To them, Citywalk means “roaming around the city” on foot. Participants can follow a distinctive urban route, soaking up the atmosphere, exploring old buildings, browsing boutique shops, sipping a cup of coffee, or indulging in authentic local snacks.
Citywalk can be a special guided trip for a small group of people, or simply a leisurely stroll for one or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more inclusive experience of the places you visit. Besides interacting with a city, Citywalk provides young people with a new social scene, where they who share the same interests and ideas can easily make friends.
In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from first-tier cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture researchers and enthusiasts to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi, a young entrepreneur in Changsha, recently launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to “walk in open-air museums”. Her Changsha route features more offbeat sights like historical architecture from the 19th century, artsy old alleys, and even a stop-off to sample the local spicy crayfish specialty.
Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, it is offering a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences based on their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides and travel service providers to offer a more tailored, professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands.
8. Why do young people choose Citywalk
A. To enjoy a guided tour.
B. To cut down expenses.
C. To dig deeper into a city.
D. To make new friends.
9. What is the most notable feature about Citywalk
A. Doing sightseeing on foot. B. Avoiding hot scenic spots.
C. Taking a local tour guide. D. Keeping a fixed urban route.
10. What might Xiao Yiyi be
A. A tour guide B. A culture researcher.
C. A Citywalk enthusiast. D. An event organizer.
11 What is the author’s attitude to the Citywalk trend
A. Favorable. B. Dismissive C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
D
Before the year has even come to a close, climate experts are certain that 2023 will be the hottest year in recorded history.
On Dec. 6, the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) — part of the European Union's space program — revealed that this year's average global temperatures have been 2.6 F (1.46 C) higher than temperatures in preindustrial times and 0.2 F (0.13 C) higher than January to November in 2016. These “extraordinary” temperatures mean that 2023will be “the warmest year in recorded history,” C3S deputy director Samantha Burgess said in a statement.
The researchers note that this year's record heat was partly caused by the latest El Nino event — a phenomenon where warmer water near the equator triggers warmer global air temperatures — that began in June. Some other experts have suggested that the January2022 eruption of Tonga's underwater volcano, which pumped record levels of water vapor into the atmosphere, may also be partly responsible.
Despite these factors, the major cause of climbing temperatures is global warming caused by runaway greenhouse gas emissions, which, noted in a C3S statement, have trapped more than 25 billion atomic bombs' worth of energy in our atmosphere over the last 50 years. And still worse, the global carbon emissions have reached a new high this year, according to scientists at the United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP28) On Dec 4.
The effects of global warming are becoming more obvious. In 2023, research revealed that climate change is causing major US cities to sink and more than half of the world's largest lakes and reservoirs to shrink. Studies also predicted that the Gulf Stream, which plays a vital role in ocean circulation, could collapse by as early as 2025, and that rising sea levels could swamp the U S coastline by 2050.
However, scientists say that we still have time to prevent further disaster. Leading climate change expert Michael Mann, from the University of Pennsylvania, recently wrote that “we can still stop the worst effects of climate change” if we stop emitting greenhouse gases as soon as possible.
12. What's the purpose of the text
A. To report the recorded hottest year.
B. To present findings of a research.
C. To analyze the causes of climate change.
D. To warn of the coming natural disaster.
13. Which is the main factor in causing the warmest weather in 2023
A. Eruption of an underwater volcano.
B. Greenhouse gas emissions.
C. Collapse of the Gulf Stream.
D. The latest El Nino event.
14. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Scientists' predictions of the future.
B. The threat of rising sea levels to the U.S.
C. The effects of climate change.
D. Different opinions on global warming.
15. How does Michael Mann feel about the present situation
A. Confused. B. Worried. C. Pessimistic. D. Hopeful.
参考答案
山东省威海市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题（含解析）
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个鸟类保护组织FTB！的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The mission of FTB! is to get youth excited about helping birds and the places they need to survive.(FTB！的使命是让年轻人对帮助鸟类和它们需要生存的地方感到兴奋)”可知，FTB的目标是让年轻人参与保护鸟类。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The curriculum is adaptable for grades 6-12. Each program ends with a field trip to a local park and/or a habitat project designed to attract birds and other wildlife to their community.(每个项目都以实地考察当地公园和/或栖息地项目结束，该项目旨在吸引鸟类和其他野生动物到他们的社区)”可知，FTB!包括实践活动。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Long Island部分中“jnelsen@audubon.org”可知，jnelsen@audubon.org可以帮助长岛的年轻人更多地了解FTB。故选D。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国著名的烟花表演大师蔡国强。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“With an imaginative mind and an unconventional approach, Cai Guo-Qiang has become a master of fireworks display, employing the gunpowder of fireworks in his art in a truly extraordinary way.”（蔡国强凭借其富有想象力的头脑和非常规的方法，成为烟花表演大师，以一种真正非凡的方式将烟花的火药运用到他的艺术中。）可知，蔡国强可以获得的最好的称谓是爆炸天才。故选A项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“In this work, the artist uses controlled explosives to sculpt shapes in huge blocks of ice. As the explosions occur, the icy figures gradually transform, creating an ephemeral and ever-changing scene.”（在这个作品中，艺术家使用控制炸药在巨大的冰块上雕刻形状。随着爆炸的发生，冰冷的人物逐渐变形，创造了一个短暂而不断变化的场景。）可知，艺术家使用控制炸药在巨大的冰块上雕刻形状，根据常识可知，随着爆炸的发生冰冷的人物也会在短时间内消失，推断出B项“短暂的”和ephemeral意思一致，符合题意。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“He combines aesthetic (审美的) beauty with unusual elements, making his works unique and fascinating. Without a doubt, Cai’s impact on contemporary art is undeniable. His installations have attracted audiences around the world and will inspire future generations to break free and find beauty in the unpredictable (不可预测的).”（他将美学与不寻常的元素结合在一起，使他的作品独特而迷人。毫无疑问，蔡对当代艺术的影响是不可否认的。他的装置吸引了世界各地的观众，并将激励后代打破束缚，在不可预测的世界中发现美。）可知，蔡国强的艺术激发了艺术家们的思维。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“One of these innovators is the famous Chinese artist Cai Guo-Qiang, whose art installations (装置艺术) leave everyone speechless.”（其中一位创新者是中国著名艺术家蔡国强，他的艺术装置让人无语。）及最后一段“Cai Guo-Qiang is an artist who breaks the limits of imagination.”（蔡国强是一个突破想象极限的艺术家。）可知本文是一篇杂志上名人的简介。故选B项。
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了鲸鱼可以储存大量的碳，是重要的碳汇，是一种自然的气候解决方案。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The enormous size of these marine mammals, which can reach 150 tons, means they can store carbon much more effectively than smaller animals. And because whales live longer than most animals, they could be “one of the largest stable living carbon pools” in the ocean. Even when whales die, their dead bodies fall down to the deepest parts of the sea and settle on the seafloor, trapping the carbon they’ve stored in their bodies. An indirect way whales can be critical carbon sinks is through their waste. Whale poop (粪便) is rich in nutrients which can be taken up by phytoplankton — tiny organisms that suck up carbon dioxide as they grow.(这些海洋哺乳动物体型巨大，可达150吨，这意味着它们比小型动物更能有效地储存碳。由于鲸鱼的寿命比大多数动物都长，它们可能是海洋中“最大的稳定的活碳库之一”。即使鲸鱼死了，它们的尸体也会落到海洋的最深处，并在海底定居，将它们储存在体内的碳困住。鲸鱼成为重要碳汇的一种间接方式是通过它们的排泄物。鲸鱼粪便富含营养物质，可以被浮游植物吸收，浮游植物是一种生长过程中吸收二氧化碳的微小生物)”可知，关于鲸鱼，第2段关注的是为什么它们被称为碳汇。故选C。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The process of carbon sequestration helps reduce climate impact”以及后文“locks away carbon that otherwise would have warmed the planet somewhere else for hundreds, if not thousands of years”可知，鲸鱼的过程有助于减少气候影响，因为鲸鱼的碳截存锁住了碳，否则这些碳会在其他地方使地球变暖数百年，如果不是数千年的话。故it指的是“鲸鱼的碳截存”。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Heidi Pearson, a researcher at the University of Alaska Southeast, said the research shows that protecting whales has a double benefit — helping to stop the biodiversity crisis as well as human-caused climate change. Protecting whales is a low risk and low regret strategy, because there’s really no downside. She said there was no risk to this strategy compared to other untested, expensive solutions to capturing and trapping carbon, such as geoengineering.(阿拉斯加东南大学的研究人员海蒂·皮尔森说，这项研究表明，保护鲸鱼有双重好处——有助于阻止生物多样性危机以及人为造成的气候变化。保护鲸鱼是一种低风险、低后悔的策略，因为它真的没有负面影响。她说，与其他未经测试的、昂贵的碳捕获和捕获解决方案（如地球工程）相比，这种策略没有风险)”可知，海蒂·皮尔森想强调保护鲸鱼是一种自然的气候解决方案。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The world’s largest whales are more than just astonishing creatures. Much like the ocean, soil and forests, whales can help save humans from the increasing climate crisis by storing carbon. In a paper published recently, climate researchers suggest that whales are important, but often overlooked, carbon sinks.(世界上最大的鲸鱼不仅仅是令人惊讶的生物。就像海洋、土壤和森林一样，鲸鱼可以通过储存碳来帮助人类避免日益严重的气候危机。在最近发表的一篇论文中，气候研究人员认为，鲸鱼是重要的，但往往被忽视的碳汇)”结合文章主要说明了鲸鱼可以储存大量的碳，是重要的碳汇，是一种自然的气候解决方案。可推知，文章的目的是提出保护鲸鱼的新理由。故选C。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。虽然人工智能可以完成高水平的写作任务，但有些东西是它无法做到的，例如写作可以把一套松散的想法变成一条清晰的推理线，写作训练人们的想象力，针对不同的目标读者写作方式不同。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“If AI can do a fairly good job at most writing tasks, why spend so much time learning writing in school (如果人工智能在大多数写作任务中都能做得相当好，那为什么要花那么多时间在学校学习写作呢？)”可知，关于ChatGPT，老师关注是它质疑教学写作的必要性。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“For one thing, it’s about learning to turn a loose set of thoughts into a clear line of reasoning — a skill that is useful for everyone, not just those who enjoy writing or need to do a lot of it for work.(首先，它是关于学习将一套松散的想法变成一条清晰的推理线——这是一项对每个人都有用的技能，而不仅仅是那些喜欢写作或需要为工作做很多事情的人)”可知，作者认为学习写作有助于逻辑思维。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Writing is never simply self-expression. It’s expression to a specific audience for a specific purpose.(写作从来不是简单的自我表达。它是为特定目的而对特定受众的表达)”可知，针对目标读者使写作有效。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“College and high-school teachers are expressing concern about ChatGPT, an AI program that allows people with limited writing skills to create high-quality texts. It calls into question how and why we teach writing at all. If AI can do a fairly good job at most writing tasks, why spend so much time learning writing in school (大学和高中教师对ChatGPT表达了担忧，这是一个人工智能程序，可以让写作技能有限的人创作高质量的文本。这引发了我们如何以及为什么要教写作的问题。如果人工智能在大多数写作任务中都能做得相当好，那为什么要花那么多时间在学校学习写作呢？)”可知，虽然人工智能可以完成高水平的写作任务，但有些东西是它无法做到的，例如写作可以把一套松散的想法变成一条清晰的推理线，写作训练人们的想象力，针对不同的目标读者写作方式不同。因此A选项“人工智能不能教给写作学生的东西”最符合文章标题。故选A。
山东省泰安市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题（含解析）
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国四个不太知名的景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Visitors can enjoy hiking, horseback riding, and wildlife watching in Dartmoor, which is also home to an abundance of Dartmoor ponies, foxes, and peregrine falcons(游隼).(游客可以在达特穆尔享受徒步旅行、骑马和观赏野生动物的乐趣，这里还是大量达特穆尔矮种马、狐狸和游隼的栖息地)”可知，在达特穆尔有机会看到野生动物。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“It was carved out of the rock face by Rowena Cade, who transformed her garden into a theater for performances.(它是由罗威娜·凯德在岩石表面雕刻而成的，她把自己的花园变成了一个表演剧院)”可知，米纳克剧院并不是作为一个剧院来设计的。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Located on the northern coast of Ireland, the Giant’s Causeway is a natural phenomenon that consists of thousands of interlocking basalt (玄武岩) columns.(巨人之路位于爱尔兰北部海岸，是一种自然现象，由数千根相互连接玄武岩柱组成)”可知，巨人之路与其他景点的不同在于它位于爱尔兰。故选A。
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了身残志坚的袁秋勇于克服困难考上西南大学的感人故事。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段的“When Yuan Qiu received his admission letter from Southwestern University, he smiled broadly from the wheelchair he’s used for five years. Then he turned to his mother, Xie Xianlian, and saw she quickly wiped tears away, pretending her eyes were blurred by sand. (当袁秋收到西南大学的录取通知书时，坐在轮椅上坐了五年的他笑得很开心。然后他转向他的母亲谢显莲，看到她迅速擦去眼泪，假装她的眼睛被沙子……了。)”可知，母亲擦眼泪时不想让儿子看见，因此她假装眼睛被沙子“模糊”了，则indistinct(模糊的，不清楚的)可以解释划线词，故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“At first, his mother hesitated between continuing Yuan’s education and saving money for treatment. But Yuan was determined. “I must go to school or I will be absolutely useless,” he said. (起初，他的母亲在继续袁的教育和存钱治疗之间犹豫不决。但是袁是坚定的。他说：“我必须去上学，否则我就毫无用处了。”) ”以及下文“ To her relief, Yuan was always willing to help her with farm work as much as he could. (令她宽慰的是，袁总是愿意尽可能多地帮助她做农活。)”可知，袁秋在身体残疾的情况下坚持上学，看得出他的意志力是坚定的，并且主动帮助妈妈可知他也是一个体贴的人，故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“So Xie made a promise to herse