北京市高考英语语法填空真题汇编(含真题+名校模拟)
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
一、语法填空
(2023·北京·统考高考真题)阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 1 global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 2 thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action 3 (address)the struggles of people around the world 4 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
(2023·北京·统考高考真题)阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 5 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 6 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 7 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
(2023·北京·统考高考真题)阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 8 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 9 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 10 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
(2022·北京·高考真题)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for 11 (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 12 are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even 13 (bad). The use of those plastics 14 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
(2022·北京·高考真题)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly 15 (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine 16 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 17 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
(2022·北京·高考真题)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late 18 the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 19 (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 20 (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
(2023·北京·首都师范大学附属中学校考模拟预测)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nowadays, people are choosing to live in a minimalist lifestyle. Minimalism, 21 (bear) out of early 20th-century modernism, was a trend 22 over-decorated and over-furnished. One of the main reasons people choose to become minimalists is that they want to achieve more meaning in their life. Through practicing minimalism, people reduce their possessions to ones that make them 23 (true) happy. Besides, digital minimalism is particularly appealing to millennials who have grown tired of social media and being addicted to their technology.
(2023·北京·首都师范大学附属中学校考模拟预测)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The eastern Chinese city of Zibo 24 (emerge) as one of the country’s most popular tourist spots in the past few months — thanks to its barbecue. Favored by so-called internet influencers, the city has gone viral on Chinese social media platforms. 25 (video) on sites such as Xiaohongshu show thousands of people traveling to the city to savor (品尝) local barbecue, 26 they say is wrapped in a pancake. When asked 27 attracts them most, travellers say the awesome food in chorus, though the restaurants were not stylishly furnished.
(2023·北京·首都师范大学附属中学校考模拟预测)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to feel the seats, 28 (settle) in one of them. It had been years since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident, she 29 (throw) into a world of darkness. Susan’s husband Mark watched her sink into despair and he was determined to use every possible means to help her wife. Mark volunteered 30 (ride) the bus with Susan each morning and evening until she could manage it by herself.
参考答案:
1.to 2.where 3.to address 4.facing
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。尼娜在32个国家跑过马拉松。她所有的跑步活动都有一个目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。她的努力鼓励其他人参与到一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来。
1.考查介词。句意:她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短语为call attention to。故填to。
2.考查定语从句。句意:最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语,故用不定式。故填to address。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故填facing。
5.seen 6.cities 7.has established
【导语】本文是说明文。红树林,生长在陆地和海洋之间,有助于软化海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭,到目前为止,中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。
5.考查状语从句的省略。句意:从远处看,红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略,当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时,且从句含有be动词,从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中,主语为the mangrove forests,和动词see是被动关系,从句应用一般现在时的被动语态,完整形式为when they are seen from afar,省略主语和be动词,故填seen。
6.考查名词复数。句意:红树林有助于软化海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语,为可数名词,应用复数形式表泛指,故填cities。
7.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是China,助动词应用has,故填has established。
8.threw 9.exactly 10.had arrived
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在瑞士和法国体验到的不同的守时习俗。
8.考查动词时态。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知,句子陈述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填threw。
9.考查副词。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time,应用副词exactly,作状语。故填exactly。
10.考查动词时态。句意:多年以后,搬到法国后,我在约定的时间赴宴,却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
11.themselves 12.which 13.worse 14.has increased
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时,也增加了塑料产品的使用,造成了环境污染。
【详解】1.考查反身代词。句意:因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭,所以他们叫外卖或者预定配送服务。空处在句中作介词for的宾语,当主语和宾语为同一物时,宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
2.考查定语从句。句意:这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数(东西)只能使用一次。分析可知,most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句;先行词为cups, bottles, and bags,在从句中作介词of的宾语,所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
3.考查比较级。句意:这是个大问题,而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前,所以此处用worse,故填worse。
4.考查现在完成时。句意:自从2019年,那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019,可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义,助动词用has。故填has increased。
15.supported 16.whether 17.has
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因,是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的,这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。
15.考查非谓语动词。句意:被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知,空格处的动词做非谓语,结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”,所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
16.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的:我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知,空格前的determine为及物动词,空格后是主+系+表的句子结构,所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知,此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
17.考查主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语,本句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称,为不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
18.in 19.to harm 20.caught
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
18.考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”,固定搭配。故in。
19.考查非谓语动词。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便开始快跑。分析句子结构,可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式,have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”,固定搭配,不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
20.考查动词时态。句意:最终,那个男人追上了她,他只是想把她的钱包还给她!结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填caught。
21.born 22.against 23.truly
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极简主义的生活方式。
21.考查非谓语动词。句意:极简主义诞生于20世纪早期的现代主义,是一种反对过度装饰和过度布置的趋势。分析句子可知,该句已有谓语was,空处要使用非谓语,主语Minimalism和bear(诞生)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此需使用其过去分词表示被动。故填born。
22.考查介词。句意:极简主义诞生于20世纪早期的现代主义,是一种反对过度装饰和过度布置的趋势。分析句子并根据语境可知,极简主义是选择非常简单的生活方式,因此与过度装饰和过度布置的理念大相径庭,因此需使用表示相反意味的介词against“反对;违背”。故填against。
23.考查副词。句意:通过实践极简主义,人们减少了他们的财产,只留下那些让他们真正快乐的东西。分析句子可知,空处需使用副词truly(真正地)作状语修饰happy。故填truly。
24.has emerged 25.Videos 26.which 27.what
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几个月里,中国东部城市淄博因其烧烤而成为中国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。
24.考查时态。句意:在过去的几个月里,中国东部城市淄博因其烧烤而成为中国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。根据后文“in the past few months”可知应用现在完成时,主语为The eastern Chinese city of Zibo,助动词用has。故填has emerged。
25.考查名词的数。句意:小红书等网站上的视频显示,成千上万的人前往这座城市品尝当地的烧烤,他们说这些烧烤是用煎饼包裹的。根据后文show为动词原形,可知应用复数形式,首字母大写。故填Videos。
26.考查定语从句。句意:小红书等网站上的视频显示,成千上万的人前往这座城市品尝当地的烧烤,他们说这些烧烤是用煎饼包裹的。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词local barbecue,在从句中作主语,指物,故填which。
27.考查宾语从句。句意:当被问及最吸引他们的是什么时,游客们异口同声地说是美味的食物,尽管餐厅的陈设并不时髦。引导宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,故用what。故填what。
28.settled 29.was thrown 30.to ride
【导语】这是一篇记叙文,讲述了Susan因一次事故导致双目失明,她的丈夫 Mark 帮助她适应黑暗的日常生活。
28.考查动词时态。句意:她付钱给司机,然后用手摸了摸座位,坐在其中一个座位上。分析句子结构可知,and连接paid和settle两个动作。根据语境此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,故填settled。
29.考查时态和语态。句意:由于一次事故,她陷入了黑暗的世界。throw oneself into意为“使某人陷入……之中”。分析句子结构可知,throw和she(herself)是动宾关系,要用被动语态。由于讲述的是发生事故后的事情,所以要用一般过去时,且主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数。故填was thrown。
30.考查不定式做宾语。句意:马克每天早晚自愿和苏珊一起乘公共汽车,直到她自己能应付为止。volunteer 之后要用不定式做宾语。故填to ride。
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