动词的时态
第一部分 核心知识
一、一般现在时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 do/does 例句
用法 表示经常的或习惯性的动作 He often gets up at six every day.
表示现在的状态 My father is at work.
表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征 —Does he speak English —Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t.
表示客观事实和普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
表示计划、安排好的将来动作 The plane takes off at eleven o’clock in the morning.
用在时间、条件状语从句中 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the park.
时间状语 always、usually、often、sometimes、every day、twice a week、today、in the morning、on Sunday
2. 句型结构
(1)肯定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+am/is/are+其他.
Jim’s father is a teacher. 吉姆的爸爸是一位老师。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+动词+其他.
Linda often plays volleyball. 琳达经常打排球。
(2)否定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+am/is/are+not+其他.
Jack isn’t my friend. 杰克不是我的朋友。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+do/does+not+动词原形+其他.
She doesn’t have a dictionary. 她没有词典。
(3)一般疑问句:
①句子中含有be动词:Be+主语+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+be. 否定回答:No, 主语+be + not.
—Is Jim your classmate 吉姆是你的同学吗
—Yes, he is. 是的,他是。/No, he isn’t. 不,他不是。
②句子中含有实义动词:Does/Do+主语+动词原形+其他
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+do/does.
否定回答:No, 主语+do/does not.
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What color do you like best
你最喜欢什么颜色
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Linda is(be) my cousin.
2. They are(be) doctors.
3. My parents always walk(walk) hand in hand.
4. Light travels(travel) faster than sound.
5. If Mark goes (go) to Beijing, he’ll call me.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. The girl is a student. (改为否定句)
The girl isn’t a student.
2. They are Americans. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—Are they Americans
—No, they aren’t.
3. Jim rides a bike to school every day. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—Does Jim ride a bike to school every day
—Yes, he does.
4. He’s a bus driver. (对画线部分提问)
What is he
二、一般过去时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 did 例句
用法 过去发生的动作或存在的状态 —What did you have for breakfast this morning —I had a bowl of noodles.
说话时已不复存在的情况 I didn’t know I lost my pen.
描述过去发生的一连串动作 Just now Bob turned off the light, closed the door and left.
时间状语 yesterday、the day before yesterday、last night、then、at that time、several days ago等。以及由after、before、when引导的表示过去的时间状语从句
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+was/were +其他.
Jack was in Nanjing two years ago. 杰克两年前在南京。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+动词的过去式+其他.
He borrowed two books last Friday. 他上周五借了两本书。
(2)否定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+was/were + not+其他.
He wasn’t a policeman five years ago. 五年前他不是一名警察。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他.
I didn’t eat fish when I was young. 我小时候不吃鱼。
(3)一般疑问句:
①句子中含有be动词:Was/Were+主语+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语+was/were+ not.
—Was she in the library just now 她刚才在图书馆吗
—Yes, she was. 是的,她在。/No, she wasn’t. 不,她不在。
②句子中含有实义动词:Did+主语+动词原形+其他
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答:No, 主语+didn’t.
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Where did Jack go this morning 杰克今天早上去哪里了
When were you born 你是什么时候出生的
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. He put on his coat and went(go) out.
2. I missed(miss) the first bus this morning.
3. He wrote(write) a letter to his pen friend last night.
4. They helped (help)us a lot when we were in Beijing.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成句子,每空一词
1. 两年前他不在北京。
He wasn’t in Beijing two years ago.
2. 她上周没有参加运动会。
She didn’t take part in the sports meeting last week.
3. ——他出生在中国吗
——不,他不是。
—Was he born in China
—No,he wasn’t.
4. 他昨天为什么没去上学
Why didn’t he go to school yesterday
三、现在进行时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 am/is/are+ 现在分词 例句
用法 表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作 Look! I’m watching TV at home.
表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作 They are learning English in the summer holiday.
与always、forever等词连用表示赞扬、厌恶或不满等情感 You are always thinking of your work.
时间状语 now、today、these days 等
【提示】
(1)表示位置移动的动词。如:come、go、arrive、leave 等。它们的现在进行时可表示将来。如:Be careful!The train is coming. 小心!火车就要来了。
(2)若一个句子以look、listen等祈使语气的动词开头,常用进行时。如:Listen! The boys are reading English. 听!那些男孩在读英语。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+am/is/are+现在分词+其他.
They are dancing in the park. 他们正在公园里跳舞。
(2)否定句:主语+am/is/are + not+现在分词+其他.
Jim isn’t doing his homework now. 吉姆现在没在做作业。
(3)一般疑问句:Is/Are+主语+现在分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:No, 主语+am/is/are+not.
—Is she doing her homework 她正在做作业吗
—Yes, she is. 是的,她在做作业。/No, she isn’t. 不,她没有。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What are you doing 你正在做什么
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Listen! Someone is playing(play) the piano.
2. Look! Some students are planting(plant) trees on the hill.
3. These days Jack is learning(learn) to drive.
4. Mr Lee is always helping(help) others who are in trouble.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. Jack is watching TV. (改为否定句)
Jack isn’t watching TV.
2. They are doing their homework in the classroom. (对画线部分提问)
What are they doing in the classroom
四、过去进行时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 was/were +现在分词 例句
用法 过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作 —What were you doing at nine last night —I was watching TV.
描述故事情节,使故事变得生动精彩 The children were leaving school when they saw a truck.
时间状语 at the time、this time yesterday、at ten yesterday、just then、yesterday morning、when引导的时间状语从句等
【巧记】过去进行时用法歌诀
过去进行最好记, was/were加doing;
特定时间有暗示,过去某刻某时段;
肯定句式变疑问,be须提至主语前;
否定句式更简单,be后仅把not添。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+was/were+现在分词+其他.
(2)否定句:主语+was/were + not +现在分词+其他.
He wasn’t running at that time. 他那时没在跑步。
(3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语+was/were + not.
—Was Jim watching TV at three o’clock yesterday afternoon
吉姆昨天下午三点钟正在看电视吗
—Yes, he was. 是的,他在看电视。
—No, he wasn’t. 不,他没有。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What were you doing at eight o’clock last night
昨天晚上八点钟你在做什么
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Mrs Green was cooking(cook) breakfast at the time.
2. The Smiths were watching(watch) the film from seven o’clock to nine o’clock last night.
3. Little Tom was flying(fly) a kite at ten o’clock yesterday morning.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. He was listening to music at that time. (改为否定句)
He wasn’t listening to music at that time.
2. They were riding bikes to school at seven o’clock yesterday. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—Were they riding bikes to school at seven o’clock yesterday
—Yes, they were.
五、一般将来时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 will/shall/be going to+动词原形 例句
用法 将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 We will not be free until 7:30 pm.
表示将来经常或反复发生的动作 I will come to see you every weekend.
有迹象表示某事要发生,多用be going to I am afraid it’s going to rain.
表示计划、打算做某事,多用be going to He is going to see his uncle next Sunday.
时间状语 tomorrow、next month、in a few days、one day、when和 after等引导的时间状语从句
【提示】
下列几种将来时,一般用 will而不用be going to。
(1)带有意愿色彩的将来时。
(2)问对方意愿或表示客气的邀请或命令时。
(3)有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+will/shall/be going to+动词原形+其他.
They will fly to Paris in two hours.
两个小时后他们将飞往巴黎。
Bob and Simon are going to visit the old people’s home next Saturday. 鲍勃和西蒙打算下周六去拜访养老院。
(2)否定句:
①主语+will/shall not+动词原形+其他.
I won’t leave Beijing until next year.
我要到明年才离开北京。
②主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他.
They aren’t going to plant apple trees next year.
他们明年不打算种苹果树。
(3)一般疑问句:
①Will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+will/shall.
否定回答:No, 主语+will/shall+not.
—Will they take part in Jim’s birthday party
他们会参加吉姆的生日聚会吗
—Yes, they will. 是的,他们会。/No, they won’t. 不,他们不会。
②Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:No, 主语+am/is/are+not.
—Are you going to buy a car next year 你明年打算买车吗
—Yes, I am. 是的,我打算买。/No, I’m not. 不,我不打算买。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
When are you going to visit Jim 你打算什么时候去拜访吉姆
Where will you have a meeting 你们将在哪里开会
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Mr Green will/is going to visit(visit) the Summer Palace next Friday.
2. A group of ants are busy moving. It is going to rain (rain).
3. Our school will/is going to have(have) a sports meeting next week.
4. We shall/will/are going to climb (climb) the mountain next weekend.
5. The book will come(come) out next month.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. The Smiths are going to buy a house near the sea. (改为否定句)
The Smiths aren’t going to buy a house near the sea.
2. They will finish their homework in two hours. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—Will they finish their homework in two hours
—Yes, they will.
六、现在完成时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 have/has+ 过去分词 例句
用法 表示过去已开始,持续到现在乃至将来的动作 I have worked at this school for 20 years.
表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 She has lost her pen.
have been in + 地点,表示在某地待过多久 They have been in Beijing for 10 years.
have been to + 地点,表示曾经到过某地(去了,已经回来了) They have been to Beijing twice.
have gone to + 地点,表示到某地去了(去了,还未回来) They have gone to Beijing.
时间状语 already、yet、just、ever、before、so far、since then、“since + 时间点”“for +一段时间”等
【提示】
(1)“终止”“延续”相转换
“瞬间动词”必须转换为意思相近的延续性动词,才能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。如:begin/start→be on;borrow →keep; buy→ have /own等。
I have kept that book for one month. 那本书我已经借了一个月了。
(2)“点”“段”时间须分清
在与since和for短语连用时,since 后面跟“时间点”,for后面跟“一段时间”。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.
(2)否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
I haven’t been to Nanjing. 我没去过南京。
(3)一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.
否定回答:No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
—Has Jack taught maths 杰克教过数学吗
—Yes, he has. 是的,他教过。/—No, he hasn’t. 不,他没有教过。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Where has Jim gone 吉姆去哪里了
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成句子
1. 史密斯老师教英语十年了。
Mrs Smith has taught English for ten years.
2. 他们在上海已经待十天了。
They have been in Shanghai for ten days.
3. 大明去过唐山三次了。
Daming has been to Tangshan three times.
4. 他们去伦敦了,三天后回来。
They have gone to London and they will come back in three days.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. He has seen the film. (改为否定句)
He has not seen the film.
2. Jack has bought three kilograms of apples. (对画线部分提问)
How many apples has Jack bought
【真题演练】
单项选择
1. (2023·云南中考)—Where is your brother
—Look! He ______ basketball on the playground.
A. plays B. played
C. is playing D. was playing
2. (2023·武汉中考) Jessica ______every night before her Chinese test and got good results.
A. studies B. studied
C. has studied D. will study
3. (2023·河北中考)I ______ice skating this Sunday. Do you want to come
A. go B. went C. goes D. will go
4. (2023·扬州中考) While everyone______ the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny.
A. is laughing at B. laughed at
C. laughs at D. was laughing at
5. (2023·河北中考)This book must be great. My sister ____it five times.
A. reads B. has read
C. is reading D. was reading
6. (2023·绥化中考) She said that the earth ______around the sun.
A. traveled B. travels C. travel
第二部分 综合练习
一、单项选择
1. Tom, ______ the other boys in our class, ______ playing games.
A. like, likes B. like, like C. likes, likes D. likes, like
2. He________ in the classroom at 7:00 yesterday .
A. study B. studies C. studied
3. We __________for a picnic if it ___________this Sunday.
A. won’t go , will rain B. won’t go , rains
C. didn’t go , is raining D. don’t go , don’t rain
4. —The number of Chinese tea lovers ________ a lot in China!
—That’s true! Many of my friends ________ drink coffee, but now they often drink tea.
A. increased, used to
B. has risen, used to
C. has raised, was used to
5. All the passengers will stay at the airport for another day if the snow ________ tomorrow.
A. won’t stop B. doesn’t stop C. didn’t stop D. hasn’t stopped
6. It ________ ten years since I ________ in this new office.
A. is; worked B. has been, has worked C. was; worked D. was; has worked
7. Zhao Mei is the best singer in my class. No one else _________ so well.
A. sings B. sing C. will sing D. is singing
8. —We’ll go on a trip to South Hill if it _______this Sunday.
—Wish you a happy weekend.
A. rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. rains
9. — Anne, turn down the TV, please. I ________ on the phone.
— Oh, sorry.
A. talk B. talked C. am talking D. have talked
10. —________ you ever ________ that mountain
—Yes, three times.
A. Did; climb B. Will; climb C. Have; climbed D. Do; climb
1. A
【解析】句意：汤姆和我们班的其他男孩一样，喜欢玩游戏。like可用作动词，意思是喜欢。也可用作介词，表示像……一样。汤姆，像我们班其它男生一样，喜欢玩游戏。结合语境可知前一空like用作介词，后一空用作动词，主语汤姆是单数第三人称，在一般现在时态中要用第三人称单数形式，故选A。
2. C
【解析】句意：他昨天七点在教室里学习。
考查一般过去时。时间状语有yesterday，昨天。句子用一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式，study学习，变成过去式，辅音字母加y结尾，把y变成i，加ed。故选C。
3. B
【解析】试题分析： if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时，即主将从现原则。句意：如果这周日下雨，我们就不去野餐了。故选B。
考点： 考查主将从现的用法。
4. B
【解析】句意：——中国茶爱好者的数量在中国增长了很多！——这是真的！我的许多朋友过去常喝咖啡，但现在他们常喝茶。
考查时态。increased增加，过去时；used to过去常；has risen升高，现在完成时；has raised举起，现在完成时；was used to被用来。根据“The number of Chinese tea lovers...a lot in China!”可知，强调已经增长了很多，时态是现在完成时；根据“Many of my friends...rink coffee, but now they often drink tea.”可知，和后面的句子是过去和现在的对比关系，用used to“过去常常做某事”。故选B。
5. B
【解析】句意：如果明天雪不停，所有的乘客还要在机场呆一天。
考查条件状语从句的时态。根据“if”可知此处为条件状语从句，而由“tomorrow”可知，句子的时态遵循“主将从现”的原则，所以此处应用一般现在时，故选B。
6. A
【解析】句意：我在这个新办公室工作已经十年了。
考查时态。根据“It...ten years since I...in this new office.”可知，此处是“It is+时间段+since+一般过去时”结构，故选A。
7. A
【解析】句意：赵梅是我班最好的歌手。没有人唱得这么好。
考查动词时态。根据“Zhao Mei is the best singer in my class.”可知时态是一般现在时。主语是No one，谓语动词应用其单三形式。故选A。
8. C
【解析】句意：-如果这个星期天不下雨我们将去南山旅行。-祝你们周末玩得开心。rain下雨；won't rain将不会下雨；doesn't rain不下雨，一般现在时态；rains下雨。句中if引导的是条件状语从句，从句中应用一般现在时态，并且根据句意这里应是否定的意思，故应选C。
9. C
【解析】句意：——安妮，请把电视声音关小点。我正在打电话。——好的，对不起。
考查动词时态。根据“Anne, turn down the TV, please. ”可知，应是正在打电话，电视声音太大造成了影响，空处用现在进行时，故选C。
10. C
【解析】句意：——你爬过那座山吗？ ——是的，三次。
考查现在完成时。根据ever和下文“Yes, three times.”可知，此处用现在完成时的一般疑问句，其结构是have done的形式，一般疑问句，直接把have提前，climb的过去分词是climbed。故选C。
11. This book _______ Mary .
A. is belong to B. belongs to C. belong to
12. When you exercise, the amount of water you need ________.
A. to increase B. increase C. increasing D. increases
13. —________ you ever ________ to Japan
—Yes. I ________ there with my mum last summer.
A. Do...go, go B. Have...been, went C. Have...gone, went D. Is...go, go
14. Look! The children ________ in the pool. How happy they are!
A. swim B. swimming C. are swimming D. is swimming
15. My best friend visited my house while I __ __ dinner in the kitchen.
A. cook B. cooking C. cooked D. was cooking
16. Your coat is so cool. Could you tell me ________________
A. where you buy it
B. where did you buy it
C. where you bought it
17. Look! The elephant _________.
A. drinks B. drank C. is drinking D. has drunk
18. He ________go out with his parents, but now he________ staying at home alone.
A. used to; used to B. used to; is used to C. was used to; is used to
19. By the time I rushed into the cinema，the film ________ for half an hour.
A. had begun B. began C. had been on
20. I _______ the book, so I know the story from beginning to end.
A. was reading B. will read
C. am reading D. have read
11. B
【解析】句意：这本书属于玛丽。短语belong to sb.表示属于某人；主语是第三人称单数，动词变第三人称单数，belong to不能用于进行时，根据题意，故选B。
12. D
【解析】句意：当你运动时，你需要的水量会增加。
考查谓语动词。此处需要动词作谓语，排除AC；主语是不可数名词“the amount of water”，动词用三单。故选D。
13. B
【解析】句意：——你曾经去过日本吗？——是的。我去年夏天和我的妈妈去了那里。
考查时态辨析。have been to sp.去过某地；have gone to sp.去了某地。问句中含时间状语ever“曾经”，用现在完成时，且主语是you，助动词用Have，且此处表示去过已回，用动词been；回答中时间状语为last summer“去年夏天”，是过去时间点，表示发生在过去的动作，用一般过去时，动词用过去式went。故选B。
14. C
【解析】句意：看！孩子们在游泳池里游泳，他们多开心呀！
考查现在进行时。根据“Look！”，可知句子为现在进行时，谓语动词为am/is/are+动词现在分词，主语The children是名词复数，谓语用are+动词现在分词。故选C。
15. D
【解析】本题考查时态。While引导的时间状语，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。故选D。句意：当我正在厨房做饭的时候，我最好的朋友来拜访我。
16. C
【解析】试题分析：句意：你的上衣非常的酷，你能告诉我是从哪儿买的它吗？此题是考查宾语从句，宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，排除B；主句是一般现在时态，根据句意是过去买的，所以宾语从句用一般过去时态，故选C。
考点：考查宾语从句的用法
17. C
【解析】句意：看！大象正在喝水。
考查时态。根据“Look”可知此处指“看”的动作发生时，正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。故选C。
18. B
【解析】句意：他过去常和父母一起出去，但现在他习惯了一个人呆在家里。
考查used to的相关用法。used to过去经常，以前常常(现在不做了)；be used to doing习惯于做某事；be used to do sth.被用来做某事；根据“He ________go out with his parents, but now”可知第一空表示过去常常做某事，所以第一空用“used to”；再根据“staying at home alone”可知此处表示习惯了一个人呆在家里，所以第二空用“is used to”，故选B。
19. C
【解析】试题分析：句意：当我冲进电影院的时候，电影已演了半小时了。根据by the time---可知，本题用过去完成时，根据for half an hour可知，动词用延续性动词。故选C。
20. D
【解析】试题分析：句意：我读过这本书，因此我了解这个故事的始末。据so I know the story from beginning to end. 故句子用现在完成时态，故选D。
考点：考查现在完成时态。
21. I _______ in the kitchen when a car stopped in front of the window.
A. cook B. will cook C. was cooking D. am cooking
22. — you ever Han Hong sing live
—Of course. A couple of times in different cities.
A. Have; seen B. Did; see C. Do; see D. Are; seeing
23. —Tom had a good result in his English test.
—________. He is a hard-working boy.
A. So does he B. So he do C. So did he D. So he did
24. My sister and I in the room, now.
A. read B. reading C. am reading D. are reading
25. This kind of house _________warm in winter and cool in summer.
A. is found B. finds C. is felt D. feels
26. —Have you ever been to Hong Kong
—Yes. I ________there several years ago.
A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go
27. —Could I ________ a dictionary from you, David
—Sorry, I _______ it to Mary yesterday.
A. borrow; lend B. lend; borrowed
C. borrow; lent D. lent; borrowed
28. —There_______a sport meet next week.
—That’s great.
A. is going to have B. will have C. are going to be D. is going to be
29. Lucy ______ his bike home when it started to snow.
A. rode B. is riding C. was riding D. will ride
30. The English teacher isn't here. She ________ to the office.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. did go
21. C
【解析】句意：我正在厨房做饭，这时一辆汽车停在窗前。
考查动词的时态。根据“I…in the kitchen when a car stopped in front of the window.”可知，when引导的从句部分是一般过去时，主句部分也应该是过去的时态，表示某个时间点正在发生的事，应用过去进行时。故选C。
22. A
【解析】句意：——你看过韩红唱歌的现场表演吗？——当然。在不同的城市看过几次。
考查动词时态。根据“ever”可知，此句要用现在完成时，结构为have/has done，故选A。
23. D
【解析】句意：——Tom的英语考试成绩很好。——他的确如此。他是个勤奋的男孩。
考查“so＋主语＋谓语”的结构。So does he和So did he 都是倒装句，表示“他也是”，说明上文所说的情况同样适用于后者，So does he是一般现在时，So did he 是一般过去时；So he do和So he did都是陈述语序，表示“他的确如此” ，是对上文所说的话的赞同，So he do是一般现在时，So he did是一般过去时；根据“He is a hard-working boy.”可知，对方的回答是“他的确如此”，排除A和C；又“Tom had a good result in his English test.”是一般过去时，排除B，故选D。
24. D
【解析】根据now，句子要用现在进行时，且主语是My sister and I，谓语用复数，所以选D。
25. D
【解析】句意：这种房子感觉冬暖夏凉。is found被发现；finds发现，找到；is felt形式错误，feel是系动词，不能用于被动语态；feels感觉，系动词。空后是warm和cool两个并列的形容词，这个空应填系动词，故选D。
26. B
【解析】句意：——你曾经去过香港吗？——是的。 我几年前去过那里。
考查一般过去时。根据题干中“several years ago”几年前，可知动作发生在过去，故为一般过去时。故选B。
27. C
【解析】句意：——大卫，我可以向你借一本字典吗？——抱歉，我昨天借给玛丽了。
考查动词辨析。borrow借入；lend借出。borrow sb sth=borrow sth from sb表示“从某人处借某物”。lend sb sth=lend sth to sb“借某物给某人”。空一表示“借一本字典”，符合短语borrow sth from sb，可排除BD选项；空二表示“把字典借出了”，符合短语lend sth to sb。且根据“yesterday”可知，空二用过去式。故选C。
28. D
【解析】句意：——下周将举行运动会。——太好了。考查there be的一般将来时。根据There____a sport meet next week.可知本题考查there be句型，由next week可知时态用一般将来时，there be的一般将来时结构为：there will be或there is/are going to be；本句中的主语是a sport meet，单数形式，所以be动词用is；故答案选D。
29. C
【解析】句意：当开始下雪的时候，Lucy正在骑自行车回家。
考查过去进行时。ride骑，根据所给空后面的when it started to snow可知，是过去的某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，构成：主语+was/were+doing，主语Lucy是单数，所以用was，故选C。
30. B
【解析】试题分析：句意；英语老师不在这儿。她已经去了办公室。结合语境可知下文描述的是现在已经完成的动作，故用现在完成时态。在完成时态中has been to 是已经去过某处，并且已经回来了。has gone to 是已经去了某处，但是到目前为止还没有回来。结合语境可知选B。
考点：完成时态及动词用法
点评：英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。完成时态中的动词有瞬间动词和持续性动词之分，瞬间动词的过去分词强调的是动作的完成，持续性动词强调的是动作的持续性。现在完成时态中表示一段时间的时间状语不能和瞬间动词连用，持续性动词不能和表示瞬间时间的时间状语连用，需注意区分。
31. I ________ 200 stamps since my grandfather gave me the first one.
A. have collected B. collected C. collect D. will collect
32. I’m waiting for my friend. If he _______, I will go swimming.
A. doesn’t come B. won’t come C. will come D. don’t come
33. — Where did you move
— We ________ Guangzhou.
A. moved B. moved to C. move D. will move
34. My grandparents apples, but my uncle them.
A. don’t like; like B. doesn’t like; likes
C. like; likes D. like; doesn’t like
35. —Kitty, I’m busy cooking. Can you give me a hand
—Mom, just wait a moment. I ________ my bed now.
A. make B. makes C. am making D. making
36. —How do you usually go to work
—I ________ take a bus, but I ________ driving a car now.
A. am used to; used to B. used to; used to C. used to; am used to
37. --Let’s finish off the rest of the cake.
--None for me, thanks. I _____ more than enough.
A. had B. will have C. have had D. am having
38. —Sam, let’s go and play volleyball. —Not now. I ______ my mom do the cooking.
A. am helping B. helped C. help
39. Sally______________ where she had left the car and the police found it this morning.
A. forgot B. has forgotten C. forgets D. had forgotten
40. —Look, mom ________ soup in the kitchen.
—Oh, she always ________ delicious soup for us.
A. makes; is making B. is making; makes C. makes; make D. is making; made
31. A
【解析】句意：自从我祖父给我第一张邮票以来，我已经收集了200张邮票。
考查现在完成时。根据句中“since”提示，主句应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，并可能持续发生下去。故选A。
32. A
【解析】句意：我在等我的朋友。如果他不来，我就去游泳。
考查时态辨析。if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现原则，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语he后用第三人称单数形式，排除BCD。故选A。
33. B
【解析】句意：——你搬到哪里了？——我们搬到广州了。
考查动词时态。moved搬家，过去式；moved to搬家，一般过去时；move搬家，一般现在时；will move搬家，一般将来时。问句的时态是一般过去时，故答句也指过去，用过去时，排除CD；搬家到哪里move to somewhere。故选B。
34. D
【解析】句意：我的祖父母都喜欢苹果，但是我的叔叔不喜欢。本题考查连词及主谓一致。连词but表转折，故C错误。根据主谓一致原则，My grandparents 复数作主语，谓语动词不需要用第三人称单数形式；可排除选项B;my uncle为第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，可排除A，故选D。
35. C
【解析】句意：——基蒂，我正忙着做饭。你能帮我一下吗？——妈妈，等一下。我正在整理我的床。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“now”，可知空处所在句子用现在进行时，其构成为“be+动词-ing”。故选C。
36. C
【解析】句意：——你通常如何去工作？——我过去坐公交车，但是我现在习惯开车。
考查动词短语辨析。be used to do被用来做某事；used to do sth过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth习惯做某事。根据“but…now”可知，前半句是过去常常做的事情，故第一空填used to。第二空表示现在习惯做的事情，故第二空填am used to，故选C。
37. C
【解析】考察时态。句意：让我们吃完蛋糕的剩余部分吧!——我不要了，谢谢。我已经吃的够多了。结合语境可知下文描述的是现在已经完成的动作，故选C。，故选C
38. A
【解析】句意“-山姆，让我们去打排球吧。-现在不行，我正在帮我的妈妈做饭”。A.现在进行时；B.一般过去时；C.一般现在时。根据句意可知，表示“现在不行，现在我正在帮助我的妈妈做饭”，即说话的瞬间正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，故选A。
39. A
【解析】句意：萨利忘记她把车停在哪里了，警察今天早上找到了车。
考查动词的时态。forgot动词的过去式； has forgotten动词的现在完成时；forgets动词的一般现在时；had forgotten动词的过去完成时。停车发生在前，忘记车子停在哪里发生在后；根据“the police found it”可知空处的动词用一般过去时态，此处用动词的过去式forgot。故选A。
40. B
【解析】句意：——看，妈妈正在厨房里做汤。——噢，她总是给我们做美味的汤。
考查动词时态。通过“Look”可知第一空为现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are doing；再由“always”可知，第二空为一般现在时，主语“she”单三，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式makes。故选B。
41. David ________so hard. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
A. will work B. works C. worked D. was working
42. If you ________ a good habit of reading, you will improve your reading skills.
A. form B. formed C. will form D. have formed
43. By the end of last month, Mr. Smith ______ as an engineer in China for five years.
A. worked B. has worked C. had worked D. was working
44. — I really want to go to college for further study.
— Believe in yourself. If you ________ hard, your dream will come true.
A. will study B. studied C. study
45. —Where is your sales manager, Jessica
—She’s not here. She _______ to Beijing to attend a meeting. She left this morning.
A. went B. goes C. has gone D. has been
46. Sarah hit her foot on the table leg and over.
A. tall B. fell C. falling D. falls
47. —I will go swimming this afternoon, Daming.
—If you go, so ________ I.
A. will B. do C. am D. have
48. Jack likes running. He ________ on the playground with his friends every morning.
A. runs B. ran C. will run D. is running
49. —Maybe we can’t recognize (认出) Diana when we meet her at the airport.
—Don’t worry! I know she __________ yet for the past few years.
A. didn’t change B. won’t change C. hasn’t changed D. wasn’t changing
50. I don’t know when he _____ next week. When he_____, please let me know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. will come, comes D. comes, will come
41. B
【解析】句意：大卫工作很努力。他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
考查时态。will work一般将来时；works一般现在时；worked一般过去时；was working过去进行时，根据He is always the first to come and the last to leave.中的“频率副词always总是”，可知他平时很努力，表示经常性动作用一般现在时，故选B。
42. A
【解析】句意：如果你养成了阅读的好习惯，你的阅读技巧就会提高。
考查时态。根据“if”可知，是if引导的条件从句，从句时态用一般现在时，故选A。
43. C
【解析】句意：到上月底，史密斯先生在中国当了五年工程师。
A. worked工作；过去式；B. has worked已经工作；现在完成时；C. had worked已经工作，过去完成时；D. was working正在工作，过去进行时。根据By the end of last month可知用过去完成时，其结构是had done的形式。根据题意，故选C。
44. C
【解析】句意：——我真的很想上大学深造。 ——相信自己。如果你努力学习，你的梦想就会实现。
考查“主将从现”原则。A. will study表一般将来时；B. studied表一般过去时；C. study表一般现在时。根据英语语法，在由if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句的时态是一般将来时，那么从句要用一般现在时。故选C。
45. C
【解析】句意：——杰西卡，你的销售经理在哪里？——她不在这里。她去北京参加会议了。她今天早上离开了。
考查现在完成时。根据“She’s not here.”可知，她不在这里，说明是“已经去了某地”，还没有回来，句子应用现在完成时，应用have gone to表示“已经去了某地”。故选C。
46. B
【解析】句意：Sarah在桌子腿那碰到了脚，摔倒了。
考查动词时态。tall高的；fell掉下，fall的过去式；falling掉下，现在分词；falls掉下，三单形式。and前后动词形式一样，hit是hit的一般过去式，因为hit没有变成三单形式，只能理解为是过去式的形式，所以fall也要用过去式形式。故选B。
47. A
【解析】句意：——大明，我今天下午要去游泳。——如果你去，我也去。
考查时态和助动词。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，所以此处用助动词will，故选A。
48. A
【解析】句意：杰克喜欢跑步。他每天早上和他的朋友们在操场上跑步。
考查时态。根据“every morning”可知是一般现在时，结合主语是“He”，可知用动词三单，故选A。
49. C
【解析】句意：——也许我们在机场没法认出戴安娜了。——别担心！我知道她最近几年没有什么变化。
考查现在完成时。根据时间状语 for the past few years可知，用于现在完成时态，根据“Don’t worry!”可知，此处是否定句，现在完成时的结构是have/has done的形式，主语是she，助动词用has，change“改变”，是动词，过去分词是changed，故选C。
50. C
【解析】试题分析：句意：我不知道他下周何时来，当他来的时候，请让我知道。在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。第一个when从句是know后面的宾语从句(不是状语从句)，故用一般将来时(这里是用现在进行时态表示将来动作)。第二个是时间状语从句，表示将来动作用一般现在时态代替，故选C。
考点：考查动词的时态。
二、根据句子的意思选择适当的形式填空
51. The dress (fit) you very well.
52. Somebody knocked on my window when I TV last night. (watch)
53. The heavy work (influence) his health in the past three years, so he looks much older.
54. The Monkey King has (excite) the children of China for many years.
55. My cousin Andrew wanted to learn more about DIY, so he (go to) DIY courses last month.
56. My father (have) a new car.
57. My hometown (change) all the time. People are much happier than before.
58. Her father (buy) her a nice present on her next birthday.
59. Listen! There (seem) to be a ghost singing not far from the wall.
60. We walked into the restaurant and a friendly waiter (lead) us to our table.
51. fits
【解析】句意：这件衣服很适合你。时态是一般现在时，主语是The dress，动词用三单，故填fits。
52. was watching
【解析】句意：昨晚我在看电视的时候，有人敲我的窗户。根据“knocked”可知，主句为一般过去时，此处表示过去某个动作发生时正在做的事情，应该用过去进行时，故填was watching。
53. has influenced
【解析】句意：在过去的三年里，繁重的工作影响了他的健康，所以他看起来更加衰老。句中in the past three years为现在完成时的时间状语，所给词influence为动词“影响”，按照现在完成时“主语+have/has+done”的结构，故应填has influenced。
54. excited
【解析】句意：多年来，美猴王一直让中国的孩子们兴奋不已。根据“has”和“for many years”可知，此处是现在完成时，用动词过去分词形式，故填excited。
55. went to
【解析】句意：我的堂兄Andrew想学习更多关于DIY的知识，所以他上个月参加了DIY课程。根据时间状语“last month”可知，时态为一般过去时，go“去”过去式为went，所以此处为went to。故填went to。
56. has
【解析】句意：我父亲有一辆新车。此处陈述事实，所以用一般现在时，主语是“My father”，所以谓语动词用三单形式，故填has。
57. is changing
【解析】句意：我的家乡一直在变化。人们比以前幸福多了。根据“People are much happier than before.” 判断，此处需用现在进行时，其结构是：be+动词的现在分词；主语My hometown 是单数，因此be动词用is。故填is changing。
58. is going to buy/will buy
【解析】句意：她父亲在她的下一个生日会给她买一件漂亮的礼物。根据“next birthday”可知句子时态为一般将来时，will/be going to+动词原形，因为主语Her father是第三人称单数，be动词用is，故填is going to buy/will buy。
59. seems
【解析】句意：听！墙壁不远处似乎有一个鬼魂在唱歌。
根据分析句子可知，“There seem(s) to be...”句型结构中seem的单复数形式要根据后面主语的名词单复数形式而定，翻译为“看起来、似乎……”。该句的主语是a ghost单数，因此要用seems。故填seems。
60. led
【解析】句意：我们走进这家餐馆，一个友好的服务员带着我们到我们的桌子旁。根据“walked”可知句子是一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。表达“带领，引导”用过去式“led”。故填led。
61. The teacher (say) math is easy.
62. Last Saturday, my brother and I (swim) in the river and we had a good time.
63. My brother usually does his homework in the evening, but he (not do) his homework last night.
64. When I got to the airport, my plane to Shanghai had (take) off.
65. —What’s your mother doing
—She’s (make) soup in the kitchen.
66. The presentation of prizes will (cover) live tonight.
67. I’m waiting at the stop. I (take) a bus to my uncle’s farm.
68. Someone knocked at the door when I (watch) TV.
69. What were you (do) when the rainstorm came
70. Everything (be) half price in the supermarket today.
61. says
【解析】句意：老师说数学很简单。say“说”，动词，根据“math is easy”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故填says。
62. swam
【解析】句意：上周六，我和我妈妈在河里游泳，我们玩得很开心。根据“Last Saturday”可知，句子要用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填swam。
63. didn’t do
【解析】句意： 我哥哥通常晚上做作业，但他昨晚没有做作业。根据“last night”可知，时态是一般过去时，否定句需要助动词did，后加not，动词do用原形。故填didn’t do。
64. taken
【解析】句意：当我到达机场时，我去上海的飞机已经起飞了。
根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“已经起飞”，主句的动作是发生在从句动作之前的，而从句动作是过去时，所以主句应该用过去完成时，所以空格应该用过去分词，故答案为taken。
65. making
【解析】句意：——你妈妈在做什么？——她在厨房做汤。根据空前is可知，此处用现在进行时表达正在做的事，make的现在分词为making。故填making。
66. be covered
【解析】句意：颁奖仪式将于今晚现场直播。根据句意和语境可知此句是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成：will be done；live是副词，直播，现场，be covered live现场直播；结合所给词可知填be covered。
67. will take
【解析】句意：我在车站等。我将乘公共汽车去我叔叔的农场。根据“I’m waiting at the stop”可知乘公共汽车去我叔叔的农场是发生在将来，应用一般将来时：will do。故填will take。
68. was watching
【解析】句意：当我看电视的时候某个人敲门。根据“knocked at the door ”及“when”可知表示过去正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，主语是“I”，谓语动词用“was watching”。故填was watching。
69. doing
【解析】句意：暴雨来临时你在做什么？根据“What were you”可知，句子时态为过去进行时，结构为were doing。故填doing。
70. is
【解析】句意：今天在超市中每一样东西都半价。表示客观存在的东西，用一般现在时；不定代词everything作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故填is。
71. My father sometimes (go) to work by bike.
72. Nora some dry flowers onto the gift box and gave it to her friend. (stick)
73. I asked him what they (think) about each thing.
74. She used to (be) shy, but now she’s outgoing because of many activities she has taken part in.
75. Look! She is (talk) with a Russian about the painting in the museum.
76. The kite (fly) up to the sky. The children were so happy.
77. Linda always (have) some bread for breakfast.
71. goes
【解析】句意：我父亲有时骑自行车上班。由 sometimes可知，这里用一般现在时；主语My father是第三人称单数，因此谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填goes。
72. stuck
【解析】句意：诺拉把一些干花粘在礼品盒上，送给了她的朋友。stick“粘，贴”，动词；由“gave”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式；stick的过去式为stuck。故填stuck。
73. thought
【解析】句意：我问他他们对每件事情的看法。由题干可知本句为宾语从句，其中主句的时态为一般过去时，从句也应和主句时态保持一致，所以也用一般过去时，think的过去式为thought，故答案填thought。
74. be
【解析】句意：她过去常常很害羞，但现在她很外向，因为她参加了许多活动。短语used to do sth.为固定搭配，意思是“过去常常做某事”，故空格处应用动词原形。故填be。
75. talking
【解析】句意：看！她正在和一个俄罗斯人谈论博物馆里的那幅画。根据“Look! She is...(talk) with a Russian about the painting in the museum.”可知，句子时态为现在进行时，结构为be+doing，talk的现在分词为talking。故填talking。
76. flew
【解析】句意：风筝飞上了天空。孩子们非常高兴。根据were可知此处用一般过去时，故为flew.
77. has
【解析】句意：琳达总是早饭吃一些面包。根据always可知用一般现在时，主语Linda是第三人称单数，故谓语动词使用have的三单形式has。故填has。
精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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动词的时态
第一部分 核心知识
一、一般现在时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 do/does 例句
用法 表示经常的或习惯性的动作 He often gets up at six every day.
表示现在的状态 My father is at work.
表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征 —Does he speak English —Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t.
表示客观事实和普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
表示计划、安排好的将来动作 The plane takes off at eleven o’clock in the morning.
用在时间、条件状语从句中 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the park.
时间状语 always、usually、often、sometimes、every day、twice a week、today、in the morning、on Sunday
2. 句型结构
(1)肯定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+am/is/are+其他.
Jim’s father is a teacher. 吉姆的爸爸是一位老师。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+动词+其他.
Linda often plays volleyball. 琳达经常打排球。
(2)否定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+am/is/are+not+其他.
Jack isn’t my friend. 杰克不是我的朋友。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+do/does+not+动词原形+其他.
She doesn’t have a dictionary. 她没有词典。
(3)一般疑问句:
①句子中含有be动词:Be+主语+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+be. 否定回答:No, 主语+be + not.
—Is Jim your classmate 吉姆是你的同学吗
—Yes, he is. 是的,他是。/No, he isn’t. 不,他不是。
②句子中含有实义动词:Does/Do+主语+动词原形+其他
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+do/does.
否定回答:No, 主语+do/does not.
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What color do you like best
你最喜欢什么颜色
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Linda ____________(be) my cousin.
2. They ____________(be) doctors.
3. My parents always ____________(walk) hand in hand.
4. Light ____________(travel) faster than sound.
5. If Mark ____________ (go) to Beijing, he’ll call me.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. The girl is a student. (改为否定句)
The girl ____________ a student.
2. They are Americans. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—____________ ____________ Americans
—____________, ____________ ____________.
3. Jim rides a bike to school every day. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—____________ Jim ____________ a bike to school every day
—____________, ____________ ____________.
4. He’s a bus driver. (对画线部分提问)
____________ ____________ he
二、一般过去时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 did 例句
用法 过去发生的动作或存在的状态 —What did you have for breakfast this morning —I had a bowl of noodles.
说话时已不复存在的情况 I didn’t know I lost my pen.
描述过去发生的一连串动作 Just now Bob turned off the light, closed the door and left.
时间状语 yesterday、the day before yesterday、last night、then、at that time、several days ago等。以及由after、before、when引导的表示过去的时间状语从句
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+was/were +其他.
Jack was in Nanjing two years ago. 杰克两年前在南京。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+动词的过去式+其他.
He borrowed two books last Friday. 他上周五借了两本书。
(2)否定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+was/were + not+其他.
He wasn’t a policeman five years ago. 五年前他不是一名警察。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他.
I didn’t eat fish when I was young. 我小时候不吃鱼。
(3)一般疑问句:
①句子中含有be动词:Was/Were+主语+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语+was/were+ not.
—Was she in the library just now 她刚才在图书馆吗
—Yes, she was. 是的,她在。/No, she wasn’t. 不,她不在。
②句子中含有实义动词:Did+主语+动词原形+其他
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答:No, 主语+didn’t.
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Where did Jack go this morning 杰克今天早上去哪里了
When were you born 你是什么时候出生的
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. He put on his coat and ____________(go) out.
2. I ____________(miss) the first bus this morning.
3. He ____________(write) a letter to his pen friend last night.
4. They ____________ (help)us a lot when we were in Beijing.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成句子,每空一词
1. 两年前他不在北京。
He ____________ in Beijing two years ago.
2. 她上周没有参加运动会。
She ____________ ____________ part in the sports meeting last week.
3. ——他出生在中国吗
——不,他不是。
—____________ he born in China
—____________,____________ ____________.
4. 他昨天为什么没去上学
Why ____________ he ____________ to school yesterday
三、现在进行时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 am/is/are+ 现在分词 例句
用法 表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作 Look! I’m watching TV at home.
表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作 They are learning English in the summer holiday.
与always、forever等词连用表示赞扬、厌恶或不满等情感 You are always thinking of your work.
时间状语 now、today、these days 等
【提示】
(1)表示位置移动的动词。如:come、go、arrive、leave 等。它们的现在进行时可表示将来。如:Be careful!The train is coming. 小心!火车就要来了。
(2)若一个句子以look、listen等祈使语气的动词开头,常用进行时。如:Listen! The boys are reading English. 听!那些男孩在读英语。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+am/is/are+现在分词+其他.
They are dancing in the park. 他们正在公园里跳舞。
(2)否定句:主语+am/is/are + not+现在分词+其他.
Jim isn’t doing his homework now. 吉姆现在没在做作业。
(3)一般疑问句:Is/Are+主语+现在分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:No, 主语+am/is/are+not.
—Is she doing her homework 她正在做作业吗
—Yes, she is. 是的,她在做作业。/No, she isn’t. 不,她没有。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What are you doing 你正在做什么
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Listen! Someone ____________(play) the piano.
2. Look! Some students ____________(plant) trees on the hill.
3. These days Jack ____________(learn) to drive.
4. Mr Lee is always ____________(help) others who are in trouble.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. Jack is watching TV. (改为否定句)
Jack ____________ watching TV.
2. They are doing their homework in the classroom. (对画线部分提问)
____________ are they ____________ in the classroom
四、过去进行时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 was/were +现在分词 例句
用法 过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作 —What were you doing at nine last night —I was watching TV.
描述故事情节,使故事变得生动精彩 The children were leaving school when they saw a truck.
时间状语 at the time、this time yesterday、at ten yesterday、just then、yesterday morning、when引导的时间状语从句等
【巧记】过去进行时用法歌诀
过去进行最好记, was/were加doing;
特定时间有暗示,过去某刻某时段;
肯定句式变疑问,be须提至主语前;
否定句式更简单,be后仅把not添。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+was/were+现在分词+其他.
(2)否定句:主语+was/were + not +现在分词+其他.
He wasn’t running at that time. 他那时没在跑步。
(3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语+was/were + not.
—Was Jim watching TV at three o’clock yesterday afternoon
吉姆昨天下午三点钟正在看电视吗
—Yes, he was. 是的,他在看电视。
—No, he wasn’t. 不,他没有。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What were you doing at eight o’clock last night
昨天晚上八点钟你在做什么
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Mrs Green ____________(cook) breakfast at the time.
2. The Smiths ____________(watch) the film from seven o’clock to nine o’clock last night.
3. Little Tom ____________(fly) a kite at ten o’clock yesterday morning.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. He was listening to music at that time. (改为否定句)
He ____________ ____________ to music at that time.
2. They were riding bikes to school at seven o’clock yesterday. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—____________ ____________ riding bikes to school at seven o’clock yesterday
—____________, ____________ ____________.
五、一般将来时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 will/shall/be going to+动词原形 例句
用法 将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 We will not be free until 7:30 pm.
表示将来经常或反复发生的动作 I will come to see you every weekend.
有迹象表示某事要发生,多用be going to I am afraid it’s going to rain.
表示计划、打算做某事,多用be going to He is going to see his uncle next Sunday.
时间状语 tomorrow、next month、in a few days、one day、when和 after等引导的时间状语从句
【提示】
下列几种将来时,一般用 will而不用be going to。
(1)带有意愿色彩的将来时。
(2)问对方意愿或表示客气的邀请或命令时。
(3)有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+will/shall/be going to+动词原形+其他.
They will fly to Paris in two hours.
两个小时后他们将飞往巴黎。
Bob and Simon are going to visit the old people’s home next Saturday. 鲍勃和西蒙打算下周六去拜访养老院。
(2)否定句:
①主语+will/shall not+动词原形+其他.
I won’t leave Beijing until next year.
我要到明年才离开北京。
②主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他.
They aren’t going to plant apple trees next year.
他们明年不打算种苹果树。
(3)一般疑问句:
①Will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+will/shall.
否定回答:No, 主语+will/shall+not.
—Will they take part in Jim’s birthday party
他们会参加吉姆的生日聚会吗
—Yes, they will. 是的,他们会。/No, they won’t. 不,他们不会。
②Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:No, 主语+am/is/are+not.
—Are you going to buy a car next year 你明年打算买车吗
—Yes, I am. 是的,我打算买。/No, I’m not. 不,我不打算买。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
When are you going to visit Jim 你打算什么时候去拜访吉姆
Where will you have a meeting 你们将在哪里开会
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Mr Green ____________(visit) the Summer Palace next Friday.
2. A group of ants are busy moving. It ____________ (rain).
3. Our school ____________(have) a sports meeting next week.
4. We ____________ (climb) the mountain next weekend.
5. The book ____________(come) out next month.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. The Smiths are going to buy a house near the sea. (改为否定句)
The Smiths ____________ ____________ to buy a house near the sea.
2. They will finish their homework in two hours. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—____________ they ____________ their homework in two hours
—____________, ____________ ____________.
六、现在完成时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
谓语形式 have/has+ 过去分词 例句
用法 表示过去已开始,持续到现在乃至将来的动作 I have worked at this school for 20 years.
表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 She has lost her pen.
have been in + 地点,表示在某地待过多久 They have been in Beijing for 10 years.
have been to + 地点,表示曾经到过某地(去了,已经回来了) They have been to Beijing twice.
have gone to + 地点,表示到某地去了(去了,还未回来) They have gone to Beijing.
时间状语 already、yet、just、ever、before、so far、since then、“since + 时间点”“for +一段时间”等
【提示】
(1)“终止”“延续”相转换
“瞬间动词”必须转换为意思相近的延续性动词,才能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。如:begin/start→be on;borrow →keep; buy→ have /own等。
I have kept that book for one month. 那本书我已经借了一个月了。
(2)“点”“段”时间须分清
在与since和for短语连用时,since 后面跟“时间点”,for后面跟“一段时间”。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.
(2)否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
I haven’t been to Nanjing. 我没去过南京。
(3)一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.
否定回答:No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
—Has Jack taught maths 杰克教过数学吗
—Yes, he has. 是的,他教过。/—No, he hasn’t. 不,他没有教过。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Where has Jim gone 吉姆去哪里了
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成句子
1. 史密斯老师教英语十年了。
Mrs Smith ____________ ____________ English for ten years.
2. 他们在上海已经待十天了。
They ____________ ____________ ____________ Shanghai for ten days.
3. 大明去过唐山三次了。
Daming ____________ ____________ ____________ Tangshan three times.
4. 他们去伦敦了,三天后回来。
They ____________ ____________ ____________ London and they will come back in three days.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. He has seen the film. (改为否定句)
He ____________ ____________ seen the film.
2. Jack has bought three kilograms of apples. (对画线部分提问)
How many apples ____________ Jack ____________
【真题演练】
单项选择
1. (2023·云南中考)—Where is your brother
—Look! He ______ basketball on the playground.
A. plays B. played
C. is playing D. was playing
2. (2023·武汉中考) Jessica ______every night before her Chinese test and got good results.
A. studies B. studied
C. has studied D. will study
3. (2023·河北中考)I ______ice skating this Sunday. Do you want to come
A. go B. went C. goes D. will go
4. (2023·扬州中考) While everyone______ the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny.
A. is laughing at B. laughed at
C. laughs at D. was laughing at
5. (2023·河北中考)This book must be great. My sister ____it five times.
A. reads B. has read
C. is reading D. was reading
6. (2023·绥化中考) She said that the earth ______around the sun.
A. traveled B. travels C. travel
第二部分 综合练习
一、单项选择
1. Tom, ______ the other boys in our class, ______ playing games.
A. like, likes B. like, like C. likes, likes D. likes, like
2. He________ in the classroom at 7:00 yesterday .
A. study B. studies C. studied
3. We __________for a picnic if it ___________this Sunday.
A. won’t go , will rain B. won’t go , rains
C. didn’t go , is raining D. don’t go , don’t rain
4. —The number of Chinese tea lovers ________ a lot in China!
—That’s true! Many of my friends ________ drink coffee, but now they often drink tea.
A. increased, used to
B. has risen, used to
C. has raised, was used to
5. All the passengers will stay at the airport for another day if the snow ________ tomorrow.
A. won’t stop B. doesn’t stop C. didn’t stop D. hasn’t stopped
6. It ________ ten years since I ________ in this new office.
A. is; worked B. has been, has worked C. was; worked D. was; has worked
7. Zhao Mei is the best singer in my class. No one else _________ so well.
A. sings B. sing C. will sing D. is singing
8. —We’ll go on a trip to South Hill if it _______this Sunday.
—Wish you a happy weekend.
A. rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. rains
9. — Anne, turn down the TV, please. I ________ on the phone.
— Oh, sorry.
A. talk B. talked C. am talking D. have talked
10. —________ you ever ________ that mountain
—Yes, three times.
A. Did; climb B. Will; climb C. Have; climbed D. Do; climb
11. This book _______ Mary .
A. is belong to B. belongs to C. belong to
12. When you exercise, the amount of water you need ________.
A. to increase B. increase C. increasing D. increases
13. —________ you ever ________ to Japan
—Yes. I ________ there with my mum last summer.
A. Do...go, go B. Have...been, went C. Have...gone, went D. Is...go, go
14. Look! The children ________ in the pool. How happy they are!
A. swim B. swimming C. are swimming D. is swimming
15. My best friend visited my house while I __ __ dinner in the kitchen.
A. cook B. cooking C. cooked D. was cooking
16. Your coat is so cool. Could you tell me ________________
A. where you buy it
B. where did you buy it
C. where you bought it
17. Look! The elephant _________.
A. drinks B. drank C. is drinking D. has drunk
18. He ________go out with his parents, but now he________ staying at home alone.
A. used to; used to B. used to; is used to C. was used to; is used to
19. By the time I rushed into the cinema，the film ________ for half an hour.
A. had begun B. began C. had been on
20. I _______ the book, so I know the story from beginning to end.
A. was reading B. will read
C. am reading D. have read
21. I _______ in the kitchen when a car stopped in front of the window.
A. cook B. will cook C. was cooking D. am cooking
22. — you ever Han Hong sing live
—Of course. A couple of times in different cities.
A. Have; seen B. Did; see C. Do; see D. Are; seeing
23. —Tom had a good result in his English test.
—________. He is a hard-working boy.
A. So does he B. So he do C. So did he D. So he did
24. My sister and I in the room, now.
A. read B. reading C. am reading D. are reading
25. This kind of house _________warm in winter and cool in summer.
A. is found B. finds C. is felt D. feels
26. —Have you ever been to Hong Kong
—Yes. I ________there several years ago.
A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go
27. —Could I ________ a dictionary from you, David
—Sorry, I _______ it to Mary yesterday.
A. borrow; lend B. lend; borrowed
C. borrow; lent D. lent; borrowed
28. —There_______a sport meet next week.
—That’s great.
A. is going to have B. will have C. are going to be D. is going to be
29. Lucy ______ his bike home when it started to snow.
A. rode B. is riding C. was riding D. will ride
30. The English teacher isn't here. She ________ to the office.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. did go
31. I ________ 200 stamps since my grandfather gave me the first one.
A. have collected B. collected C. collect D. will collect
32. I’m waiting for my friend. If he _______, I will go swimming.
A. doesn’t come B. won’t come C. will come D. don’t come
33. — Where did you move
— We ________ Guangzhou.
A. moved B. moved to C. move D. will move
34. My grandparents apples, but my uncle them.
A. don’t like; like B. doesn’t like; likes
C. like; likes D. like; doesn’t like
35. —Kitty, I’m busy cooking. Can you give me a hand
—Mom, just wait a moment. I ________ my bed now.
A. make B. makes C. am making D. making
36. —How do you usually go to work
—I ________ take a bus, but I ________ driving a car now.
A. am used to; used to B. used to; used to C. used to; am used to
37. --Let’s finish off the rest of the cake.
--None for me, thanks. I _____ more than enough.
A. had B. will have C. have had D. am having
38. —Sam, let’s go and play volleyball. —Not now. I ______ my mom do the cooking.
A. am helping B. helped C. help
39. Sally______________ where she had left the car and the police found it this morning.
A. forgot B. has forgotten C. forgets D. had forgotten
40. —Look, mom ________ soup in the kitchen.
—Oh, she always ________ delicious soup for us.
A. makes; is making B. is making; makes C. makes; make D. is making; made
41. David ________so hard. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
A. will work B. works C. worked D. was working
42. If you ________ a good habit of reading, you will improve your reading skills.
A. form B. formed C. will form D. have formed
43. By the end of last month, Mr. Smith ______ as an engineer in China for five years.
A. worked B. has worked C. had worked D. was working
44. — I really want to go to college for further study.
— Believe in yourself. If you ________ hard, your dream will come true.
A. will study B. studied C. study
45. —Where is your sales manager, Jessica
—She’s not here. She _______ to Beijing to attend a meeting. She left this morning.
A. went B. goes C. has gone D. has been
46. Sarah hit her foot on the table leg and over.
A. tall B. fell C. falling D. falls
47. —I will go swimming this afternoon, Daming.
—If you go, so ________ I.
A. will B. do C. am D. have
48. Jack likes running. He ________ on the playground with his friends every morning.
A. runs B. ran C. will run D. is running
49. —Maybe we can’t recognize (认出) Diana when we meet her at the airport.
—Don’t worry! I know she __________ yet for the past few years.
A. didn’t change B. won’t change C. hasn’t changed D. wasn’t changing
50. I don’t know when he _____ next week. When he_____, please let me know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. will come, comes D. comes, will come
二、根据句子的意思选择适当的形式填空
51. The dress (fit) you very well.
52. Somebody knocked on my window when I TV last night. (watch)
53. The heavy work (influence) his health in the past three years, so he looks much older.
54. The Monkey King has (excite) the children of China for many years.
55. My cousin Andrew wanted to learn more about DIY, so he (go to) DIY courses last month.
56. My father (have) a new car.
57. My hometown (change) all the time. People are much happier than before.
58. Her father (buy) her a nice present on her next birthday.
59. Listen! There (seem) to be a ghost singing not far from the wall.
60. We walked into the restaurant and a friendly waiter (lead) us to our table.
61. The teacher (say) math is easy.
62. Last Saturday, my brother and I (swim) in the river and we had a good time.
63. My brother usually does his homework in the evening, but he (not do) his homework last night.
64. When I got to the airport, my plane to Shanghai had (take) off.
65. —What’s your mother doing
—She’s (make) soup in the kitchen.
66. The presentation of prizes will (cover) live tonight.
67. I’m waiting at the stop. I (take) a bus to my uncle’s farm.
68. Someone knocked at the door when I (watch) TV.
69. What were you (do) when the rainstorm came
70. Everything (be) half price in the supermarket today.
71. My father sometimes (go) to work by bike.
72. Nora some dry flowers onto the gift box and gave it to her friend. (stick)
73. I asked him what they (think) about each thing.
74. She used to (be) shy, but now she’s outgoing because of many activities she has taken part in.
75. Look! She is (talk) with a Russian about the painting in the museum.
76. The kite (fly) up to the sky. The children were so happy.
77. Linda always (have) some bread for breakfast.
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