（北京专用）英语九年级上学期期末历年真题分项汇编
D
The Teenager Brain
Teenagers have always been known to do unusual, even dangerous things. This was thought to be because of the “foolishness of youth.” Now, scientists have studied the physical development of the brain in more detail. Their discoveries have led to a new theory（理论）of why teens act this way.
A Work in Progress
Recently scientists discovered that only during adolescence（青春期）do our brains truly “grow up”. During this time, they go through great changes. These “changes” were once thought to be finished by about age 12. Now, scientists have found that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing impulses（平衡冲动）with following rules. But a still-developing brain can hardly do this well. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.
________
The studies show that teens are more likely to take risks（冒险）and behave in extreme ways. Luckily, the news isn't all negative. As brain scientist B. J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teens prepare for adult life.
One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens look at risks and rewards. Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains create more pleasure than an adult brain would. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.
Research into the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have a strong need to meet new people. Scientists suggest this is because as teens, we begin to realize our friends may one day control the world we live in. Because it is still developing, a teen brain can change to deal with new situations. So, it connects social rewards with more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make us more successful in life.
A Finished Brain
Unluckily, this search for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make bad decisions. However, it also means that teens are more likely, and less afraid, to try new things or to be independent. The scientists’ findings suggest that in the long run, the impulses of the teen brain are what help teens leave their parents’ care and live their own lives successfully.
30. Which of the following about adolescent’s brain is true
A. It stops growing almost at twelve.
B. It is going through a lot of changes.
C. It does many things in a perfect way.
D. It is better than an adult brain with rules.
31. Which could be the best heading for Paragraph 3, 4 & 5
A. Pleasure Explorers. B. Brain Researchers.
C. Decision Makers. D. Future Planners.
32. What does the word “keenly” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Calmly. B. Slowly. C. Strongly. D. Strangely.
33. What can we learn from the passage
A. The teenager brains are more likely to be dependent.
B. The impulses of the teen brain may benefit teens’ growth.
C. The effect of teens’ behavior in extreme ways is negative.
D. The hope to control the world leads teens to meet new people.
D
Many parents have heard the term “social-emotional development,” but what does it mean Put simply, it refers to the gradual growth of children’s ability to “experience, manage and express” their feelings, build relationships and explore their environment. “It’s understanding how our bodies and minds feel and think in relationship to the world around us,” says Dr. Mary Hadley, who has spent 15 years helping adults and children communicate.
1
Social-emotional development changes as a child grows. A mother providing a feeling of safety for her baby begins the child’s process of healthy social-emotional development. As children enter school, they develop the ability to control their emotions and work well with others. Just as children never give up learning, social-emotional development doesn’t stagnate.
In primary school, students get themselves involved in play-based skills, learn to express themselves and practice empathy(共情) for others. Development in middle school looks similar, Hadley says. “We can help students to understand that everyone experiences emotions, both good and bad. And the way their bodies and minds feel will affect their social communication.” she says. Yet, while middle-schoolers can express their feelings, they also sometimes hide their thoughts, Roberson-Moore says. This can raise some challenges. “At the high school level, relationships with groups become very important,” says Kelly Oriard, a family expert(专家). As teenagers understand where they fit in the world, it is normal and healthy for them to build relationships outside of their family.
Building Social-Emotional Skills at Home
When it comes to social-emotional development, parents are a primary resource for children, and experts say there are many ways to help.
First, share your feelings with your children, and accept their feelings as well, Hadley says. For example, you can say to a shouting child, “Your voice is loud. You must be very mad that it’s time to turn off the TV.” Second, prioritize(优先考虑) family time. Even as children grow older, they can benefit from family time. Eating meals or working on a project together can open up time for conversation, which support your child’s emotional health. Third, encourage your children’s interests. You may not join in their football practice, but try to listen and take interest in the activities they value. This can lead to a healthy connection. “Raising healthy children truly takes a village,” Hadley says. “School teachers and social workers are also wonderful resources.”
30. Which could be the best heading for Paragraphs 2 & 3
A. How Social-Emotional Development Helps
B. When Social-Emotional Development Changes
C. Why Social-Emotional Development Matters in Daily Life
D. What Social-Emotional Development Looks Like over Time
31. Which of the following might Mary Hadley agree
A. Prioritizing our time is part of social-emotional development.
B. Raising healthy children needs lots of efforts and resources.
C. Children prefer hiding their feelings to expressing directly.
D. Relationships with groups are important at primary level.
32. What does the underlined word “stagnate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Stop. B. Speed. C. Appear. D. Progress.
33. Why does the writer write this passage
A. To advise teachers to understand their students better.
B. To encourage children to learn more social skills at school.
C. To offer experts some ideas to solve social-emotional problems.
D. To help parents know more about social-emotional development.
D
When you really love a book, or have just bought a new one that you’re dying to read, it can be exciting to pick up a smooth, shiny hardcover copy that creaks a little bit when you open it. But those hardcover books can be heavy, and new ones aren’t cheap, either. Sometimes, you’d just rather have a portable (轻便的) paperback — but if it’s a new book you’re after, you might have to wait a full year or so to get it in paperback form. Why are books released (发行) as hardcovers first
Not so long ago, hardcover books were the only type of books. Before the appearance of mass (大量的) production, print runs were limited, and books were hardcover and expensive. Around the 1930s, that changed with the production of mass-produced paperback books, which consisted with (相一致) a huge surge in reading as a relaxing activity around World War Ⅱ. Paperback books were more affordable and cheaper to produce, which still holds true today.
Despite the seeming advantages of paperbacks, there are several reasons why the hardcover has continued to exist. Because of its history, it passes on a bit more legitimacy (正统性) in the book world than the paperback does. “The hardcover is a mark of quality ... it shows booksellers and reviewers that this is a book worth paying attention to,” Philip Jones, editor (主编) at The Bookseller, explains to The Guardian.
But the major reason why books come out as hardcovers is that people buy them, despite their higher cost. The Economist compares it to movies being released in theaters several months before they arrive on DVD. “Just as film fans like to see films on the big screen, collectors enjoy the hardback’s superior quality,” according to The Economist. And because they’re profitable (盈利的), publishers can gain more from hardcovers, which “will often sell at twice the price of their paperback equivalent but do not cost twice as much to produce, ”Jones explains.
30. What can we learn about hardcover books from Paragraph 1
A. They attract real book-lovers.
B. They are heavy but not expensive.
C. They take a long time to come out.
D. They are not preferred by book-lovers.
31. The underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.
A. drop B. success C. blow D. increase
32. The hardcover books are still printed today because they ________.
A. are beautifully edited
B. are worth collecting
C. pass on correct information
D. sell better than paperbacks
33. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To introduce hardcover books.
B. To present a new social finding.
C To explain a confusing problem.
D. To encourage people to read books.
三、阅读理解(每题2分，共26分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
D
配对阅读。左栏是对四位学生英语技能情况的描述，右栏是学校英语教师开发的四个校本课程的简介，请为左栏的每位学生选择一个合适的课程。
___30___ Amy is a middle school student. As she is poor in English reading, she hopes to improve her reading ability through training classes. But she is free only on Tuesdays and Thursdays. __31___ Listening understanding is the biggest problem for Peter. Now he would like to take a course to develop his listening skills on Fridays. ___32___ Jack is planning to go to a British university. But he has difficulty in communicating with others in English. He wants to improve his spoken English under the guidance of a British teacher. ___33__ English is Kate’s favorite subject. She does well in listening, speaking and reading, but she is weak at writing. She wants to take some lessons so as to write better. A. You can take Mr. Li’s course at Room 405 at night from Monday to Friday. It will surely help you improve your listening skills a lot. B. In Miss Wang’s writing course, you will learn how to write in a proper way. The lessons will be given at Room 307 on Saturdays. C. If you are poor in spoken English, why don’t you come to the English—speaking class given by Mr. Smith from Britain He will be waiting for you at Room 202 on Wednesday and Friday nights. D. Miss Zhang has some suggestions on how to do better in reading. If you want to master necessary reading skills, come to Room 308 on Tuesday and Thursday evenings.（北京专用）英语九年级上学期期末历年真题分项汇编
D
The Teenager Brain
Teenagers have always been known to do unusual, even dangerous things. This was thought to be because of the “foolishness of youth.” Now, scientists have studied the physical development of the brain in more detail. Their discoveries have led to a new theory（理论）of why teens act this way.
A Work in Progress
Recently scientists discovered that only during adolescence（青春期）do our brains truly “grow up”. During this time, they go through great changes. These “changes” were once thought to be finished by about age 12. Now, scientists have found that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing impulses（平衡冲动）with following rules. But a still-developing brain can hardly do this well. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.
________
The studies show that teens are more likely to take risks（冒险）and behave in extreme ways. Luckily, the news isn't all negative. As brain scientist B. J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teens prepare for adult life.
One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens look at risks and rewards. Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains create more pleasure than an adult brain would. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.
Research into the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have a strong need to meet new people. Scientists suggest this is because as teens, we begin to realize our friends may one day control the world we live in. Because it is still developing, a teen brain can change to deal with new situations. So, it connects social rewards with more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make us more successful in life.
A Finished Brain
Unluckily, this search for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make bad decisions. However, it also means that teens are more likely, and less afraid, to try new things or to be independent. The scientists’ findings suggest that in the long run, the impulses of the teen brain are what help teens leave their parents’ care and live their own lives successfully.
30. Which of the following about adolescent’s brain is true
A. It stops growing almost at twelve.
B. It is going through a lot of changes.
C. It does many things in a perfect way.
D. It is better than an adult brain with rules.
31. Which could be the best heading for Paragraph 3, 4 & 5
A. Pleasure Explorers. B. Brain Researchers.
C. Decision Makers. D. Future Planners.
32. What does the word “keenly” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Calmly. B. Slowly. C. Strongly. D. Strangely.
33. What can we learn from the passage
A. The teenager brains are more likely to be dependent.
B. The impulses of the teen brain may benefit teens’ growth.
C. The effect of teens’ behavior in extreme ways is negative.
D. The hope to control the world leads teens to meet new people.
【答案】30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B
【解析】
【分析】本文通过科学的角度研究了青少年的大脑发育，解释了他们经常做一些不寻常的、危险的事情的原因。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Recently scientists discovered that only during adolescence（青春期）do our brains truly “grow up”. During this time, they go through great changes.”可知，青少年的大脑正在经历许多变化，故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。第三段讲述青少年更有可能冒险和行为极端，第四五段是解释其背后的原因，所以A项“快乐的探险家”适合做小标题。故选A。
【32题详解】
词义推测题。根据“ Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.”可知，研究人员认为，这使得回报似乎比风险更重要，并使青少年比成年人更强烈地感受到新体验的刺激，划线单词表示“强烈地”，与strongly同义。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The scientists’ findings suggest that in the long run, the impulses of the teen brain are what help teens leave their parents’ care and live their own lives successfully.”可推断，青少年大脑的冲动可能有利于青少年的成长。故选B。
D
Many parents have heard the term “social-emotional development,” but what does it mean Put simply, it refers to the gradual growth of children’s ability to “experience, manage and express” their feelings, build relationships and explore their environment. “It’s understanding how our bodies and minds feel and think in relationship to the world around us,” says Dr. Mary Hadley, who has spent 15 years helping adults and children communicate.
1
Social-emotional development changes as a child grows. A mother providing a feeling of safety for her baby begins the child’s process of healthy social-emotional development. As children enter school, they develop the ability to control their emotions and work well with others. Just as children never give up learning, social-emotional development doesn’t stagnate.
In primary school, students get themselves involved in play-based skills, learn to express themselves and practice empathy(共情) for others. Development in middle school looks similar, Hadley says. “We can help students to understand that everyone experiences emotions, both good and bad. And the way their bodies and minds feel will affect their social communication.” she says. Yet, while middle-schoolers can express their feelings, they also sometimes hide their thoughts, Roberson-Moore says. This can raise some challenges. “At the high school level, relationships with groups become very important,” says Kelly Oriard, a family expert(专家). As teenagers understand where they fit in the world, it is normal and healthy for them to build relationships outside of their family.
Building Social-Emotional Skills at Home
When it comes to social-emotional development, parents are a primary resource for children, and experts say there are many ways to help.
First, share your feelings with your children, and accept their feelings as well, Hadley says. For example, you can say to a shouting child, “Your voice is loud. You must be very mad that it’s time to turn off the TV.” Second, prioritize(优先考虑) family time. Even as children grow older, they can benefit from family time. Eating meals or working on a project together can open up time for conversation, which support your child’s emotional health. Third, encourage your children’s interests. You may not join in their football practice, but try to listen and take interest in the activities they value. This can lead to a healthy connection. “Raising healthy children truly takes a village,” Hadley says. “School teachers and social workers are also wonderful resources.”
30. Which could be the best heading for Paragraphs 2 & 3
A. How Social-Emotional Development Helps
B. When Social-Emotional Development Changes
C. Why Social-Emotional Development Matters in Daily Life
D. What Social-Emotional Development Looks Like over Time
31. Which of the following might Mary Hadley agree
A. Prioritizing our time is part of social-emotional development.
B. Raising healthy children needs lots of efforts and resources.
C. Children prefer hiding their feelings to expressing directly.
D. Relationships with groups are important at primary level.
32. What does the underlined word “stagnate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Stop. B. Speed. C. Appear. D. Progress.
33. Why does the writer write this passage
A. To advise teachers to understand their students better.
B. To encourage children to learn more social skills at school.
C. To offer experts some ideas to solve social-emotional problems.
D. To help parents know more about social-emotional development.
【答案】30. D 31. B 32. A 33. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了什么是社会情感发展。随着孩子的成长，社会情感也在发生变化，成年人应如何和孩子进行沟通。
【30题详解】
最佳标题题。根据“Social-emotional development changes as a child grows.”可知，二、三段主要讲述了社会情感在不断发展变化，所以最佳标题应是随着时间的推移，社会情感发展是什么样子。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二句“Raising healthy children truly takes a village,”可推断出，玛丽.哈德利可能会同意：培养健康的孩子需要很多努力和资源。故选B。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“Social-emotional development changes as a child grows.”和“As children enter school, they develop the ability to control their emotions and work well with others. Just as children never give up learning, social-emotional development doesn’t stagnate.”可知，社会情感发展随着孩子的成长而变化，随着孩子们进入学校，他们培养了控制自己情绪和与他人良好合作的能力。正如孩子们从不放弃学习一样，社会情感发展也不会stagnate。联系前句可猜测出下划线单词“stagnate”的意思是“停止”。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Many parents have heard the term ‘social-emotional development,’ but what does it mean ”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了帮助父母更多地了解社会情感发展。故选D。
D
When you really love a book, or have just bought a new one that you’re dying to read, it can be exciting to pick up a smooth, shiny hardcover copy that creaks a little bit when you open it. But those hardcover books can be heavy, and new ones aren’t cheap, either. Sometimes, you’d just rather have a portable (轻便的) paperback — but if it’s a new book you’re after, you might have to wait a full year or so to get it in paperback form. Why are books released (发行) as hardcovers first
Not so long ago, hardcover books were the only type of books. Before the appearance of mass (大量的) production, print runs were limited, and books were hardcover and expensive. Around the 1930s, that changed with the production of mass-produced paperback books, which consisted with (相一致) a huge surge in reading as a relaxing activity around World War Ⅱ. Paperback books were more affordable and cheaper to produce, which still holds true today.
Despite the seeming advantages of paperbacks, there are several reasons why the hardcover has continued to exist. Because of its history, it passes on a bit more legitimacy (正统性) in the book world than the paperback does. “The hardcover is a mark of quality ... it shows booksellers and reviewers that this is a book worth paying attention to,” Philip Jones, editor (主编) at The Bookseller, explains to The Guardian.
But the major reason why books come out as hardcovers is that people buy them, despite their higher cost. The Economist compares it to movies being released in theaters several months before they arrive on DVD. “Just as film fans like to see films on the big screen, collectors enjoy the hardback’s superior quality,” according to The Economist. And because they’re profitable (盈利的), publishers can gain more from hardcovers, which “will often sell at twice the price of their paperback equivalent but do not cost twice as much to produce, ”Jones explains.
30. What can we learn about hardcover books from Paragraph 1
A. They attract real book-lovers.
B. They are heavy but not expensive.
C. They take a long time to come out.
D. They are not preferred by book-lovers.
31. The underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.
A. drop B. success C. blow D. increase
32. The hardcover books are still printed today because they ________.
A. are beautifully edited
B. are worth collecting
C. pass on correct information
D. sell better than paperbacks
33. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To introduce hardcover books.
B. To present a new social finding.
C To explain a confusing problem.
D. To encourage people to read books.
【答案】30 A 31. D 32. B 33. C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要解释了精装书和平装书演变的历史，以及如今仍印刷精装书的原因。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When you really love a book, or have just bought a new one that you’re dying to read, it can be exciting to pick up a smooth, shiny hardcover copy that creaks a little bit when you open it.”可知，真正热爱书的人拿起一本光滑、闪亮的精装书是一件令人兴奋的事情，也就是精装书吸引了真正的图书爱好者。故选A。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“Around the 1930s, that changed with the production of mass-produced paperback books, which consisted with (相一致) a huge surge in reading as a relaxing activity around World War Ⅱ.”可知，大约在20世纪30年代，随大量平装书生产，加上在第二次世界大战前后，将阅读作为一种放松活动，可以判断从事该活动的人数应该是有了显著提升。划线单词“surge”应该是“增加”的意思。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Just as film fans like to see films on the big screen, collectors enjoy the hardback’s superior quality,”可知，像影迷喜欢在大屏幕上看电影一样，收藏者也喜欢精装书的高品质，可判断精装书是值得收藏的。故选B。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Why are books released (发行) as hardcovers first ”为什么书籍首先以精装书的形式发行呢？文章主要就此现象解释了精装书和平装书演变的历史，以及如今仍印刷精装书的原因。由此可知，这篇文章的主要目的是为了解释一个令人困惑问题。故选C。
三、阅读理解(每题2分，共26分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
D
配对阅读。左栏是对四位学生英语技能情况的描述，右栏是学校英语教师开发的四个校本课程的简介，请为左栏的每位学生选择一个合适的课程。
___30___ Amy is a middle school student. As she is poor in English reading, she hopes to improve her reading ability through training classes. But she is free only on Tuesdays and Thursdays. __31___ Listening understanding is the biggest problem for Peter. Now he would like to take a course to develop his listening skills on Fridays. ___32___ Jack is planning to go to a British university. But he has difficulty in communicating with others in English. He wants to improve his spoken English under the guidance of a British teacher. ___33__ English is Kate’s favorite subject. She does well in listening, speaking and reading, but she is weak at writing. She wants to take some lessons so as to write better. A. You can take Mr. Li’s course at Room 405 at night from Monday to Friday. It will surely help you improve your listening skills a lot. B. In Miss Wang’s writing course, you will learn how to write in a proper way. The lessons will be given at Room 307 on Saturdays. C. If you are poor in spoken English, why don’t you come to the English—speaking class given by Mr. Smith from Britain He will be waiting for you at Room 202 on Wednesday and Friday nights. D. Miss Zhang has some suggestions on how to do better in reading. If you want to master necessary reading skills, come to Room 308 on Tuesday and Thursday evenings.
【答案】30. D 31. A
32. C 33. B
【解析】
【导语】本文的左栏是对四位学生英语技能情况的描述，右栏是学校英语教师开发的四个校本课程的简介。
【30题详解】
根据“Amy is a middle school student. As she is poor in English reading, she hopes to improve her reading ability through training classes. But she is free only on Tuesdays and Thursdays.”可知，艾米是一名中学生。由于她英语阅读能力很差，她希望通过培训班提高自己的阅读能力。但是她只有星期二和星期四有空。D选项“张老师对如何在阅读中做得更好有一些建议。如果你想掌握必要的阅读技巧，请在周二和周四晚上来308室。”符合。故选D。
【31题详解】
根据“Listening understanding is the biggest problem for Peter. Now he would like to take a course to develop his listening skills on Fridays.”可知，听力理解对彼得来说是最大的问题。现在，他想在周五参加一个课程来发展他的听力技能。A选项“周一到周五晚上你可以在405室上李先生的课。它肯定会帮助你提高听力技巧。”符合。故选A。
【32题详解】
根据“Jack is planning to go to a British university. But he has difficulty in communicating with others in English. He wants to improve his spoken English under the guidance of a British teacher.”可知，杰克打算去英国大学。但是他很难用英语和别人交流。他想在英国老师的指导下提高自己的英语口语。C选项“如果你英语口语不好，为什么不去听听英国的史密斯先生开的英语学习班呢？周三和周五晚上他会在202房间等你。”符合。故选C。
【33题详解】
根据“English is Kate’s favorite subject. She does well in listening, speaking and reading, but she is weak at writing. She wants to take some lessons so as to write better.”可知，英语是凯特最喜欢的科目。她在听、说、读方面做得很好，但在写作方面很差。她想上一些课，以便写得更好。B选项“在王老师的写作课上，你将学会如何以恰当的方式写作。周六在307教室上课。”符合。故选B。
