2023北京八十中高一（下）期中
英 语
2023.4
（考试时间：90分钟；满分：100 分）
本试卷共 11页，请在答题卡上作答，在试卷上作答无效
第一部分：知识运用（共三节，42 分）
第一节 完形填空（每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项。
Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree in English literature had not really 1 me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that until I 2 about the Lighthouse Project.
I knew being a volunteer in the project would be a lot of hard work, and I would be away from my family and friends. 3 , I did not make my decision to apply for it. My family would not agree.
But after some careful thoughts, I decided to have a try. I won the 4 of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application. After 5 interviews, I managed to stand out among the candidates and 6 the test alone. I would be going to a small village in Nigeria. Where What Nigeria I had no idea. But I was about to find it.
After completing my training, I was sent to the small village. Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their food, homes, and even 7 as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I 8 in that same schoolhouse. But sometimes I think I learned more from my students than they did from me.
Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so 9 to me no longer did, though I did not get anywhere with the local language. The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever, and I returned to my city a(n) 10 man.
1. A. prepared B. stopped C. pushed D. forced
2. A. talked B. asked C. cared D. learned
3. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Instead
4. A. trust B. praise C. support D. respect
5. A. countless B. hopeless C. careless D. aimless
6. A. miss B. survive C. choose D. doubt
7. A. hearts B. wishes C. dreams D. chances
8. A. lived B. studied C. taught D. settled
9. A. strange B. familiar C. meaningful D. reasonable
10. A. ordinary B. energetic C. ambitious D. different
第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号 内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Ed Stafford is the first person 11 (walk) from the mountains of Peru to the mouth of the river in Brazil. His amazing journey 12 (take) two years and four months. There are many dangerous animals in the rainforest, like snakes and crocodiles, but luckily Ed was only bitten by ants and mosquitoes. On his trip, Ed had to find fruit and nuts or catch fish each morning. 13 often bothered Ed was that sometimes food was hard to find and he got easily tired and hungry.
B
A warning system to prevent drivers from falling asleep was introduced at the 2020 China International Fair for Trade in Services, 14 was held from September 4 to 9 in Beijing. The system can judge whether the driver is sleepy by monitoring how long the driver's eyes close. If the driver is tired, the system will sound an alarm until the driver’s eyes reopen. In the future, other 15 (danger) driving behaviours, such as not wearing a seat belt and making phone calls while 16 (drive), might also be added into this warning system.
C
Self-reliance is an important element in being an independent person. When you can make decisions for yourself 17 relying on others to approve your choice, you are acting 18 (independent). People who are self-reliant and make decisions with confidence is going to find 19 (they) being relied on. This can make them feel more valuable. However, people relying heavily on others for support 20 (see) as needy and demanding. These are not attractive features in someone’s personality and might lead to losing friends.
第三节 选词填空（共 12 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 12 分）
从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式，每个单词 或词组只能使用一次。
mental atmosphere jump to one’s feet be regarded as measure trap on the edge of break down strike award star in be stuck in
21. Twenty miners __________ underground, but soon they were rescued.
22. In fact, any kind of street performance can _____________ a form of busking (街头卖艺).
23. Hearing the news of his son’s death, she was _____________ despair.
24. We should take _________ to protect endangered animals.
25. When the little boy sang in a very high but clear voice on the stage, the audience __________________, clapping and cheering.
26. He _____________ dozens of films in the past 3 years, which makes him a world-famous actor.
27. They predicted that a destructive earthquake ______________ this area before the end of the century.
28. We _____________ a traffic jam on our way to the airport and we nearly missed the flight.
29. The director uses soft music and lighting to create a romantic ________.
30. On my way to the station my car ___________, so I had to call vehicle rescue service.
31. Surfing on the Internet for a long time may damage children’s health physically and _________.
32. Tu Youyou ___________ the Nobel Prize for her work in medical research in 2015.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens History, Culture ＆ Landscape. Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom. Open: 29 Mar.-29 Oct., Sun. to Thurs. Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10:30-17:00 (16:00 in Oct.). House: 11:15-16:00 (15:00 in Oct.). Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions maybe forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. Open: Mon. to Sat. and Summer Sundays. 10:30-17:00 Summer. 10:30-16:00 Winter. Town: Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there's something for everyone! Open: High Season 1 Apr.-31 Oct.: Mon. to Sat. 10:00-17:00, Sun. 11:00-17:00. Low Season 1 Nov.-31 Mar.: Mon. to Sat. 10:00-16:30,Sun.12:00-16:30. Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum Discover William Wordsworth's inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions,events and family activities throughout the year. Open: Daily, 09:30-17:30 (last admission 17:00). Town: Grasmore
33. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July
A.09:30-17:30. B.10:30-16:00. C.11:15-16:00. D.12:00-16:30.
34. What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
A.Enjoy Romney's works. B.Have some interactive fun.
C.Attend a famous festival. D.Learn the history of a family.
35. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life
A. Penrith B. Kendal
C. Carlisle D. Grasmore
B
Wang Shuang was just five when her parents divorced, dropped her at her uncle's and left. Football, as it often is, became an escape.
At seven, she was spotted by coach Xu Yilong, who found Wang quick in her playful behavior. As the only girl in the boys' team, Wang's performances were impressive, earning her the nickname "Iron Girl". And soon, she sensed the sport's power. Football allowed her to "release herself" and realize "whatever happens, football never leaves you alone".
However，life was never smooth sailing. The constant jibes（嘲讽）from some people，who always tried to push her down and destroy her hopes, affected her so deeply that she lost confidence. "They were saying I had no talent at all. Gradually, I felt really so," Wang once wrote. But never did she stop playing. When she was called up at the age of 17, Wang thought, "Me Are you sure " When a world-famous club wanted to sign her, she was excited that an excellent coach thought she was good. It was only then that she felt confident in her abilities. "I felt recognized. Perhaps I had a bit of talent after all."
Not any "bit of talent"; the genius is praised as China's once-in-a-generation
player.
China is a pioneer of women's football in Asia and has won the continental championship nine times, including seven straight titles between 1986 and 1999. That was their golden age. Gradually, though, the dynasty declined (衰退). It is hoped that Wang will inspire the women's football of the country to its former height.
Coaches are almost always hesitant to speak about individual players. But when coach Shui Qingxia was asked about Wang before the match against Vietnam, she couldn't stop mentioning her influence on the team. Unfailingly performing on the big stage, Wang did not let her team down. When they lacked a quality ball，she delivered two high assists that finally led her team into the quarterfinal（四分之一决赛）.
"Nobody knows how hard it was," declared Wang after the match. "We overcame difficulties. We also showed our strong spiritual power. I am proud of my team. "
36. What can we infer about Wang from the second paragraph
A. She earned a living on her own. B. She was released from the team.
C. She was laughed at by the boys. D. She found a sense of belonging.
37. How did Wang regain faith in her abilities
A. By winning recognition.
B. By obtaining inspiration.
C. By playing in the national team.
D. By ignoring other people's jibes.
38. What's the best title for the text
A. Wang Shuang: A Steel Rose
B. Wang Shuang: A Child Genius
C. Wang Shuang:A Football Pioneer
D. Wang Shuang: A Golden Age Creator
C
Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive fall dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult.
New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. " Our work has a clear potential to save lives," says Matia Sora, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications.
In today's rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time.
Haller's research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean's surface should gather along a few special curves（曲线）which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident.
In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha's Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard,the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real time. They found that buoys and manikins（浮标和人体 模型）thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves.“Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location," says Haller.
“Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret and cheap to perform," points out Serra. Haller stresses," Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere."
39. In a search and rescue operation, ________.
A. the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours
B. the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location
C. weather conditions are a determining factor
D. changing currents present a challenge
40. What is the distinct feature of the new algorithm
A. It relies on ocean dynamics.
B. It tracks the path of the curves.
C. It stops the uncertainties of the accident.
D. It figures out how tides change over time.
41. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________.
A. the collection of data
B. the testing of the algorithm
C. the identification of the TRAPs
D. the cooperation of two research teams
42. What is the best title for the passage
A. Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen
B. Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations
C. How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea
D. How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives
D
Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the movement, range and habits of wild animals is essential in order to ensure their habitat remains free from poachers (偷猎者) and development. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging. To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars (项圈) or tags can be fitted.
One organisation that adopted this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhino in Namibia. However, the team soon realised that the chemicals used to immobilize the rhino in order to fit the collars had a negative impact on female fertility. Not only that but a large proportion of the radio-collars failed within the first 6 months and had to be replaced. Moreover, as animals grew, the collars would tighten, irritating or even hurting the animal. The method was not only expensive, but it was also counterproductive, as it changed the rhino's behaviour, thus invalidating（使失效）the data collected. At the same time， the team was working alongside local trackers. Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts had years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints. They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos' activities without the use of any invasive techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers' knowledge could be successfully translated into an effective, computerised technique for monitoring animal movement.
Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot characteristics, in the same way that humans have fingerprints. Thus, if an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be recognised whenever it is sighted again. If done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a database of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. The data gathered can be used for a range of purposes, for example to monitor biodiversity. WildTrack is currently using footprint identification technology in Greece to study the potential effect of a large highway construction through brown bear habitat.
Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its challenges, however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the type of ground it is walking on, moisture levels and the way it is moving. In order to account for these variations, it is necessary to collect several tracks from each individual, including impressions from all four feet, on a range of surfaces.
pared with radio-collars, traditional animal tracking _______.
A. is less accurate
B. costs more money
C. has less side effects
D. depends more on computer
44. According to the passage, the foot-print identification technology _______.
A. needs more data to run better
B. develops from radio-collars
C. has not been put into practice
D. works under certain environment
45. What does the passage imply
A. Technology holds the key to development.
B. Traditional skills makes better conservationists.
C. Animal tracking sets a new trend in conservation.
D. Creativity lies in the combination of the old and new.
46.What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To present WildTrack's extraordinary work.
B. To provide an effective way of monitoring animals.
C. To compare two different methods of catching animals.
D. To explain how to identify animals' footprints effectively.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Changing Landscape of the Music Business
The music industry is in the process of a great change. In the past decades, artists made money through physical sales of records, CDs, and cassettes. While in recent years, downloading songs from services such as Amazon or iTunes has become the most common way for people to purchase music, and the whole idea of buying music to own may be falling. To take its place are Internet apps that stream music directly to listeners on their smartphones, tablets, or computers. 47 While this is great for fans, who now have access to millions of songs at the flick of a touchscreen, it has shattered the traditional model of how an artist manages his or her career.
With music lovers increasingly moving away from making one-time purchases towards an all-you-can-listen-to service, what is a hard-working artist to do The main problem facing many musicians is that payments-per-stream of a song are much lower than what an artist would receive from a download. 48 In November of 2014, award-winning musician Taylor Swift pulled her entire music catalog from Spotify, a popular streaming app, claiming that their business model suggests that music does not hold much worth.
49 They claim that it offers smaller artists a chance for their music to get heard by a wider audience. Brian Message, manager of the band Radiohead, has come out in support of streaming services. He sees them as a way for musicians and fans to interact.
Regardless of what artists may think about this change in the music industry, there's no arguing that they need to adapt in order to make money. 50
Corporate sponsorship can be a risky option for musicians. A band can make much money by agreeing to promote a product or license its music for use in advertisements, but there are many ways that this can backfire. When bands work with businesses, they may lose the image they have worked to create. 51 Artists must develop an image that appeals to their fans in order to remain unique and authentic, or they risk striking the wrong chord, which could leave them struggling to sustain careers in this new business landscape.
A. Others have welcomed the idea of streaming music.
B. However, those forms of media are quickly fading away.
C. Some big-name artists have called attention to the issue.
D. The rules could be different for smaller bands just starting out.
E. Maintaining a fine image while working on a career is certainly tricky.
F. One major shift is the growth in partnership between artists and businesses.
G. These apps are available either as free versions or as monthly subscription services.
第三部分 书面表达（20 分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校将举办主题为“创意点亮校园” (“Creativity Lights Up the Campus”) 学生手工作品展。请给你校的交换生 Jim 写
一封邮件，邀请他参观展览。内容包括：
1. 介绍展览信息（例如：时间、地点、内容等）；
2. 询问对方意向
注意： 1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：手工作品 handicrafts
Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
Yours, Li Hua
参考答案
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. D
11. to walk
12. took
13. What
14. which
15. dangerous
16. driving
17. without
18. independently
19. themselves
20. are seen
21. were trapped/ had been trapped
22. be regarded as
23. on the edge of
24. measures
25. jumped to their feet 26. has starred in
27. would strike/was going to strike/were to strike
28. were stuck in
29. atmosphere
30. broke down
31. mentally
32. was awarded
33. C
34. A 35. D 36. D 37. A 38. A 39. D 40. B
41. B 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. B
47. G 48. C 49. A 50. F 51. E
作文：
Possible version 1:
Dear Jim,
How are you doing I'm writing to invite you to visit a handicrafts exhibition in our school, whose theme is “Creativity Lights Up the Campus”.
The exhibition aims to enrich our school life and promote our creativity and hands-on ability. It is scheduled to be held in the lecture hall from May 15 to June 1. Dozens of handicrafts with unique designs and various themes will be on display, such as clay sculptures, paper cuttings and so on. They are all created by students. Many works are made from unwanted materials in our daily life, which shows how students turn waste into treasure. I'm sure you will be amazed at the students' creativity and imagination.
Would you like to come I'm looking forward to meeting you at the exhibition. Yours,
Li Hua
Possible version 2
Dear Jim,
How is everything going Our school is going to organise a handicrafts exhibition themed “Creativity Lights Up the Campus” this weekend. Knowing you have a great interest in handicrafts, I believe this is an opportunity to appreciate the creative works.
About 100 handicrafts made by students will be on display in the school lecture hall, each of which is full of fantastic ideas. You can find a wide variety of works that are suitable for decoration. In addition, the exhibits will consist of handicrafts of traditional styles methods,which will offer you a great chance to explore the Chinese traditional culture. I'm sure the exhibition is worth a visit.
It will be a great pleasure if you come to the exhibition. I will be happy to keep you company and offer necessary explanations.
Yours, Li Hua
