2024外研版高中英语必修第三册同步
Unit 3 The world of science
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The charity has received enough funds to provide basic (/st f/) for the homeless people in this area.
2. (虚拟的)classes allow teachers to extend their lessons beyond the classroom.
3.I couldn't see anything in the darkness until a bright light (射出)from the window.
4.I sighed with relief when I finally found a place to charge the (电池)of my cellphone.
5.She hesitated about whether to p the button to answer the final question or not.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Only certain materials are capable being recycled, so we should sort them out before throwing them away.
2.The first students will work on projects related to (wear) technology and the Internet of Things.
3.Technological advances mean more information can be delivered online rapidly and (flexible).
4.We sincerely desire them (make) a donation to our animal shelter to help care for and protect abandoned pets.
5.The average speed of a car can (compute) by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken.
Ⅲ.选词填空
never say never;in addition;in terms of;lead to
1. achieving success, one must 2. . Opportunities can present themselves unexpectedly, and it is important to remain open-minded. Even failures may 3. eventual success, as they teach us valuable lessons that we might not have learned otherwise. 4. , when we face setbacks or obstacles on our path to success, it's essential to remain positive and keep pushing forward. In summary, success is a journey that requires perseverance, openness, and optimism.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.事实上,我们每个人都渴望获得成功。(n. desire)
Actually, all of us .
2.她的心在胸膛里咚咚直跳,她紧张地走上舞台。 (with复合结构)
in her chest, she nervously stepped onto the stage.(读后续写—心理描写)
3.她发现一只蜘蛛在她的手臂上爬行,于是她发出了一声尖叫。(crawl;find+宾语+宾语补足语)
She on her arm and she let out a scream.(读后续写—动作描写)
4.It was the sudden loss of her pet dog that made her so depressed and upset.(句型转换:对画线部分进行提问)
→ made her so depressed and upset
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Dr Richard Fairhurst, 1 new book The New Age of Invention has just been published, is being interviewed. The following is what he tells us.
There 2 (be) golden ages of invention throughout history. In Ancient China, there were the four great 3 (invention): gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. They 4 (change) the world forever. There were the great Western inventions: the steam engine, the telephone and 5 radio. And now, we are in the great new age of technology, when most of the new great inventions are tech-based. For example, advances in virtual 6 (real), wearable tech and the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing further developments. 7 addition, new inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. What's more, it's possible 8 (create) an intelligent walking house.
Most inventions start with 9 (recognise) a problem that needs a solution. But what remains 10 (importance) is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that's the real spirit of invention.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023江苏昆山市第一中学阶段性调研)
Smart Kids is a collection of one hundred events scheduled in October. This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford, after you have attended an event. You can pre-book events without paying for a ticket in advance. Here are some of the picks.
Walk on the Wild Side
Not ticketed, Free
Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals. Along the way you'll meet all sorts of beautiful creatures and discover life cycles and the food chain. Best suited to children aged 5-9. Children under 8 must be accompanied by an adult.
Introduction to Waves
Pre-book, PWYD
Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean. Mike Goldsmith explores the fundamental features shared by all waves in the natural world.
Science in the Field
Not ticketed, Free
This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field e along for inspiring and informative stories straight from the scientist's mouth. Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun-filled workshop.
Festival Dinner
Pre-book, ￡25 per person
Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London. Which foods should you eat to trick your brain into thinking that you are full Find out more from Tom Crawford.
1.In which event can you decide the payment
A.Introduction to Waves. B.Walk on the Wild Side.
C.Science in the Field. D.Festival Dinner.
2.Who will talk about experiences of collecting direct data
A.Mike Goldsmith. B.Sarah Law.
C.Mark Samuels. D.Tom Crawford.
3.What do the four events have in common
A.Family-based. B.Science-related.
C.Picked by children. D.Filled with adventures.
B
(2022山西芮城中学月考)
Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes(基因) and chromosomes(染色体).
Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with interest in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science.
She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students desired to study genetics.
Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a master's degree in 1925. Two years later, she met all her requirements for a doctorate.
McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the Great Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.
An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Morton Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It was a research centre on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock started in a temporary job with the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a permanent position in the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.
By the 1970s, her discoveries had had a significant effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
4.When did McClintock get a doctorate
A.In 1921. B.In 1923. C.In 1925. D.In 1927.
5.What was the job market like during the Great Depression in the US according to Paragraph 5
A.Male geneticists were in great demand.
B.Young scientists might have trouble finding a job.
C.Female geneticists were not in demand at all.
D.Male scientists lost their jobs and were out of work.
6.Which of the following jobs was beneficial to McClintock's research
A.A job as a botany teacher.
B.A temporary job in the genetics department.
C.A permanent position in the laboratory.
D.A job on cancer.
7.Why was McClintock awarded a Nobel Prize
A.Because she received a degree in Genetics.
B.Because she contributed to genetic engineering and cancer research.
C.Because she made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes.
D.Because she was the first American woman who studied genes and chromosomes.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023广东广州期末)
When you read articles or watch TV, you may meet with the words, “citizen science(公众科学)” every now and then. 1 It's scientific research done, in whole or in part, by non-professional(非专业的)scientists in public. They can include teachers, students, etc. and act as volunteers.
2 For researchers, citizen science can greatly expand the area of a study without making it costly. For example, a bird survey involving volunteers can cover North America in a few weeks and cost a small amount of money. However, paying scientists to conduct the same survey would be very expensive, and it would make the study harder.
For volunteers, citizen science can increase their knowledge of science. Besides, it can be fun and sometimes quite interesting. Many volunteers join in citizen science because they are interested in the environment. 3
As to where citizen science takes place, it depends on different research programs. Some will require people to go to a challenging place in the wild to do field research. 4 Many universities, for example, have certain programs which invite local gardeners to study their plants and offer scientists information on their plants from their gardens.
If you want to take part in a citizen science project, you should start by being clear about what topic you like. 5 If they agree with your request, you can offer your help as a citizen scientist.
A.This term is also known as “crowd science”.
B.Some people may hate taking part in citizen science.
C.Making these people do research has great advantages.
D.For instance, volunteers can carry out their research in their gardens.
E.And they'd like a chance to communicate with real scientists in the field.
F.Then call a certain organization and ask if you can help with one of its projects.
G.But some research programs can save people the trouble of traveling a long way to work.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2022山东枣庄期中)
Technology has made parcel delivery (投递包裹) faster, more convenient and 1 (smart). Ahead of China's largest online shopping festival, Singles' Day, 2 falls on Nov. 11, 3 unmanned car filled with parcels appeared at Guangzhou Institute of Science and Technology in Guangdong province. The vehicle, which started operation on campus on Nov. 2, is set to better serve the busy parcel delivery season for students. The new member of the campus has attracted attention. Some young people stopped the car, followed it and 4 (take) photos with it.
5 (paint) white, the simple appearance of the car looks like a creature from the future in early science fiction 6 (movie). It takes packages from the parcel collection station on campus to student dormitories. Four routes are provided on campus. “It aims 7 (solve) the ‘last-kilometer' problem for parcel delivery services,” said Hu Jing, product manager in the company.
The vehicle runs at 15 km/h to ensure safety. When it meets an obstacle such as a car or a student, it stops and avoids the object, and then carries on. 8 the service is new to the campus, student Zhang Ziwen has used it 9 (frequent). She waits for the message from the delivery company which 10 (tell) her to pick up the package in front of her dorm. “It is much more convenient and saves time to walk to the parcel station on the other side of the campus.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 3 The world of science
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.stuff 2.Virtual 3.shot 4.battery 5.press
Ⅱ.1.of 考查介词。句意:只有特定的材料能够被回收,所以我们应该在扔掉它们之前把它们分类。be capable of doing sth.意为“有能力做某事”,故本空应填介词of。
2.wearable 考查形容词。句意:第一批学生将从事和可穿戴技术及物联网有关的项目。technology为名词,其前应用形容词修饰。wearable technology可穿戴技术。
3.flexibly 考查副词。句意:技术进步意味着更多的信息可以在网上快速灵活地传递。此处与rapidly并列,因此用副词形式。注意flexible的副词形式为flexibly。
4.to make 考查非谓语动词。句意:我们真诚地希望他们向我们的动物收容所捐款,以帮助照顾和保护被遗弃的宠物。desire sb. to do sth.意为“想要某人做某事”,故本空应用不定式形式作宾语补足语。
5.be computed 考查被动语态。句意:汽车的平均速度可以用行驶的距离除以所花费的时间来计算。compute和主语speed之间为被动关系,故本空应用被动语态。
Ⅲ.1.In terms of 2.never say never 3.lead to
4.In addition
Ⅳ.1.have a desire to achieve success 2.With her heart pounding 3.found a spider crawling 4.What was it that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.whose 考查定语从句。句意:理查德·费尔赫斯特博士正在接受采访,他的新书《发明的新时代》刚刚出版。根据句意可知,设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词Dr Richard Fairhurst,且设空处在定语从句中作定语,故填whose。
2.have been 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:贯穿(整个)历史,一直有发明的黄金时代。根据语境可知用现在完成时,主语golden ages为复数概念,故填have been。
3.inventions 考查名词复数。根据前面的four可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。
4.changed 考查时态。中国古代的四大发明改变了世界,所以用一般过去时。
5.the 考查冠词。结合前面的“the steam engine, the telephone”可知答案为the。
6.reality 考查名词。virtual为形容词,意为“虚拟的”,其后应跟名词形式。virtual reality虚拟现实。
类比启发
常见的有“形容词+-ity变名词”这一规律的词还有:equal→equality;personal→personality;national→nationality;similar→similarity;electric→electricity;active→activity(去e加-ity);secure→security(去e加-ity)等。
7.In 考查介词。in addition另外。
8.to create 考查不定式。分析句子可知,此处为“it is+adj.+不定式”结构,it为形式主语,后面的不定式作真正的主语。
9.recognising 考查动名词。设空处作介词with的宾语,应用动名词形式。
10.important 考查形容词。remain在此处是系动词,后跟形容词作表语。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Smart Kids收集的在十月份举行的四项以科学为主题的活动,以及各个活动的内容和特色。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford.”可知,在PWYD中,你可以决定付款;根据Introduction to Waves中“Pre-book, PWYD”可知,四项活动中只有Introduction to Waves允许参与者自己决定付款。故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据Science in the Field活动中“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.”和“Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun-filled workshop.”可知,Mark Samuels会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的回忆。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据Walk on the Wild Side活动中“Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals.”,Introduction to Waves活动中“Subjects range from sound waves...on the ocean.”,Science in the Field活动中“This storytelling night features a scientist...on various field trips.”及Festival Dinner活动中“Whether you want...join us to mark the first science festival in London.”可知,这四项活动的共同点是都和科学相关。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.schedule v.安排 2.pre-book v.预订,预约 3.in advance提前 4.all sorts of各种各样的
5.accompany v.陪伴,陪同 6.range from...to...范围从……到……;从……到……不等 7.feature v.以……为特色 n.特色,特点 8.inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的 9.trick v.欺骗
【熟词生义】 pick n.选中的人(或物);精品,精华
长难句
原句 Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London.
分析 本句是主从复合句。“Whether...or...”引导让步状语从句;不定式短语“to mark the first science festival in London”作目的状语。
译文 无论你是想探索更多关于食物的知识,还是只想在用餐时聊聊天,都可以加入我们来庆贺伦敦的第一个科学节。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了芭芭拉·麦克林托克的经历,她是二十世纪最重要的科学家之一,在基因和染色体方面有重大发现并获得诺贝尔奖。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“She completed a master's degree in 1925. Two years later, she met all her requirements for a doctorate.”可知,麦克林托克于1927年获得博士学位。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist...But female geneticists were not much in demand.(在美国,20世纪30年代对年轻科学家来说不是一个好时期。美国正处于经济大萧条时期。数百万美国人失业。男性科学家得到了工作。但对女性遗传学家的需求并不大。)”可推出,年轻的科学家在经济大萧条时期可能很难找到工作。故选B。
易错归因
本题易错选C项“根本不需要女性遗传学家”。第五段最后一句“But female geneticists were not much in demand.”提到对女性遗传学家的需求并不大,而不是完全不需要,C项说法过于绝对,故C项错误。
6.C 细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后两句“A short time later, she accepted a permanent position in the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.(不久之后,她接受了实验室的一个永久职位。这给了她继续她的研究的自由,而不需要教学或反复要求经济援助。)”可知,在实验室固定的工作对她的研究是有利的,故选C。
7.C 细节理解题。由最后一段第二句“McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.(1983年,麦克林托克因发现基因能够改变染色体上的位置而获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。)”可知,由于她在基因与染色体方面的发现,她获得了诺贝尔奖。
【高频词汇】 1.complete vt.完成;结束
2.requirement n.必备条件 3.unemployed adj.失业的
4.in demand需求大 5.permanent adj.永久的
6.financial adj.财政的;财务的
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“公众科学”这个概念以及其涉及的成员,成员们参与到不同实验项目中去为科学实验做贡献。
1.A 过渡句。上文引入了“citizen science”这个概念;下文“It's scientific research done, in whole or in part, by non-professional(非专业的)scientists in public.(它是全部或部分由非专业科学家公开完成的科学研究。)”对“citizen science”进行了解释。A项(这个术语也被称为“群体科学”。)承上启下,符合文意。
2.C 主旨句。下文“For researchers, citizen science can greatly expand the area of a study without making it costly.(对于研究人员来说,公众科学可以极大地扩展研究领域,而不会使其变得昂贵。)”介绍了公众科学的优点。C项“(让这些人做研究有很大的好处。)”与下文意思一致,符合本段主旨。C项中的these people指的是上段尾句中的“teachers, students, etc.”。
3.E 细节句。上文“Many volunteers join in citizen science because they are interested in the environment.”介绍了志愿者们愿意加入公众科学的原因,E项(他们希望有机会与该领域真正的科学家交流。)承接上文,介绍了另一个原因。
4.G 细节句。根据上文“As to where citizen science takes place...to do field research.”可知,公众科学进行的地方取决于不同的研究项目。有些会要求人们去野外一个具有挑战性的地方去做实地调研。G项(但是一些研究项目可以使人们避免上班长途跋涉的苦恼。)承接上文,符合文意,且后文是对其的一个举例。G项中的research programs为原词复现。
5.F 细节句。根据下文“If they agree with your request, you can offer your help as a citizen scientist.”可知,如果他们同意你的请求,你可以作为公民科学家提供帮助。F项(然后打电话给某个组织,询问你是否可以在其中一个项目上提供帮助。)符合文意。下文中的your request指的是F项中的if you can help with one of its projects。
【高频词汇】 1.every now and then有时,时而
2.costly adj.昂贵的 3.as to关于,至于 4.challenging adj.有挑战性的 5.advantage n.优点
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读 本文为一篇新闻报道,介绍了高科技投递包裹的运用——无人驾驶汽车给广州理工学院的学生送快递。
1.smarter 考查形容词比较级。分析句子可知,设空处与faster和more convenient并列,同时作parcel delivery的补足语,应用形容词的比较级。故填smarter。句意:科技使包裹递送变得更快、更方便、更智能。
2.which 考查定语从句。句意:在中国最大的网络购物节——11月11日的光棍节到来之前,一辆装满包裹的无人驾驶汽车出现在广东省广州理工学院。分析句子结构,设空处应用关系词引导非限制性定语从句,指代Singles Day,作从句的主语,故填which。
3.an 考查冠词。此处表示“一辆无人驾驶汽车”,为泛指,用不定冠词,unmanned以元音音素开头,故填an。
4.took 考查时态。分析句子可知,设空处作并列谓语,且根据stopped及followed可知,应用一般过去时,故填took。句意:一些年轻人停下车,跟着它,和它合影。
5.Painted 考查过去分词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语,因此逗号前作句子的状语,the simple appearance of the car与paint之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词,另外,句首单词首字母大写。故填Painted。句意:这辆车的外表被漆成白色,外观简单,看起来就像早期科幻电影中的未来生物。
6.movies 考查名词的数。movie为可数名词,此处表示“早期科幻电影”的总称,不止一部电影,用复数形式movies。
7.to solve 考查不定式。aim to do sth.力争做到某事,故填to solve。
8.Though/While/Although 考查连词。根据句意可知,前文和后文有让步关系,可以用though/while/although引导从句,另外,句首单词首字母大写。故填Though/While/Although。
9.frequently 考查副词。设空处作状语,因此需用副词形式。故填frequently。
10.tells 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,which引导限制性定语从句,指代先行词the message from the delivery company,根据语境及本句中的waits可知,用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数。故填tells。句意:她等待快递公司的消息,告诉她在宿舍楼前取包裹。
【高频词汇】 1.convenient adj.方便的,便利的
2.operation n.运行 3.appearance n.外观 4.ensure vt.确保,保证 5.carry on继续移动 6.pick up取回;拾起
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