Unit6 SectionB（1a-1e）
知识梳理
1. by mistake 错误地；无意中 2. in the end 最后，终于
3. mistake … for … 把……误当作…… 4. decide on 决定，选定
5. stop / keep / prevent …from doing sth. 阻止做某事 6. dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事
7. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 8. not only…but also 不但……而且
9. divide…into 把……分开 10. look up to 钦佩；仰慕
1. He cooked potato chips for a long time until they were crispy.
他把土豆条炸了很长一段时间，直到它们脆。
2. Finally he put lot of salt on them so they were really salty.
最后，他放了许多盐在它们的上面，所以它们很咸。
3. Did you know potato chips were invented by mistake
你知道薯片是在无意中被发明的吗？
4. Do you know when basketball was invented 你知道篮球是什么时候被发明的吗？
5. Basketball is a much-loved and active sport that is enjoyed by many for fun and exercise. 篮球是一项备受喜爱的、活跃的运动，它因有趣和锻炼被许多人所喜爱。
6. It is believed that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21, 1891.
据信历史上第一场篮球赛在1891年12月21日举行的。
7. When he was a college teacher, he was asked to think of a game that could be played in the winter. 当他是一位大学老师时，他被要求想出一项能在冬天进行的运动。
8. Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game. 奈史密斯博士把他班上的男生分成两队，并教他们玩这个新游戏。
9. Players on the same team must work together to get the ball in the other team’s basket.
同一个队的球员必须合作将球投进另一队的篮筐里。
10. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.
同时，他们需要阻止对方球队投进他们自己的篮筐里。
11. Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.
如今，由于许多年轻人都梦想成为著名的篮球运动员，篮球在世界各地也越来越普及。
12. Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch.
篮球不仅成为了一项人们喜欢参与的运动，而且成为了一项人们喜欢观看的运动。
13. Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.
许多年轻人钦佩这些篮球英雄，并且想要成为像他们那样的人。
14. These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.
这些明星鼓励年轻人努力奋斗来实现他们的梦想。
15. It is often difficult to decide on the inventor of certain inventions.
判定某些发明的发明者经常很难。
16. It’s hard to tell who came up with the idea first.
很难讲明谁是第一个提出这个想法的人。
17. So some people doubt whether the inventor came up with the idea himself or herself.
所以一些人怀疑是否是发明家他 / 她自己提出的这个想法。
18. They think that the inventor used someone else’s idea to create his or her invention.
他们认为发明家用别人的想法创造了他 / 她的发明。
19.That is why books or websites usually mention more than one inventor when giving information about inventions.
那就是为什么书本或网页给出关于发明的信息时，通常不只提及一位发明家。
二、重点词汇辨析
1. pleasure / pleased / pleasant
pleasure: 名词，意为“高兴；愉快”，常用于口语中。My pleasure 表示“不用谢”，用来回应别人的感谢；with pleasure表示“很乐意；没问题”，用来回应别人的请求或邀请。 如：
---Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。
----My pleasure. 不用谢。
pleased : 形容词，意为“高兴的；满意的”，常用作表语，主语通常是人。be pleased with sb. / sth.表示“对某人或某感到很满意”； be pleased to do sth. 表示“高兴/ 乐于做某事”。 如：
She was very pleased with her exam results. 她对这次考试成绩非常满意。
pleasant : 形容词，意为“令人愉快的；宜人的；舒适的”，常用来形容某事物有让人愉快的性质，在句中既可作定语，也可作表语。 如：
I’m very pleased for it is a pleasant trip. 我非常高兴，因为这是一次愉快的旅行。
2. take place / happen
take place : 通常指预先计划或预料之中的事情的“发生”，（必然性），无被动语态。 如：
The basketball match will take place on Monday.
篮球比赛将于星期一举行。
happen : 通常指具体事件的发生，（偶然性），无被动语态。 如： The accident happened at about ten.
那起事故大约发生在十点钟。
3. in the end / by the end of / at the end of
in the end: 意为“最终；最后”，强调某事的结束。相当于at last, finally。
by the end of : 意为“在……之前；到……末”。如：
by the end of this month 到这个月月底
at the end of : 意为“在……末尾 / 尽头”。
基础训练
一、根据首字母填空
1．Do you know potato chips were invented by m_________ ？
2．These oranges are too s________. I don’t want to eat them any more.
3．The chips taste very c________. I like to eat them.
4．After a couple of minutes, I ate the last b________ on the plate and asked my mother to make some later.
5．She was in Australia but I could hear her voice as clear as a b________.
二、多句选词填空
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空
customer，music，smell，salt，lock
6．Don’t forget ________ your bike. Five bikes were lost last week.
7．There are many ________ in the supermarket at weekends.
8．Mom, the soup is not ________ enough. A little more salt, please.
9．It ________ so strong that I don’t like it at all.
10．Tony usually practices playing ________ instruments after class.
三、单项选择
11．The plane ________ on the ground for two more hours because of the bad weather.
A．ran B．moved C．shook D．remained
12． He is an honest boy. I have no reason to _______ what he said.
A．hear B．doubt C．repeat D．believe
13．John didn’t give up looking for a job ________ he got an offer from a German company.
A．until B．since C．because D．if
14．We managed to get it finished ________ —no thanks to him.
A．at the end B．by the end C．in the end D．in the end of
15．Another spaceship __________ into space. It made us __________.
A．sent；proud B．sent；pride C．was sent；proud D．was sent；pride
四、改写句子
16．I met my old friend Lucy by accident yesterday on the street. (改为同义句)
I met my old friend Lucy ________ ________ yesterday on the street.
17．When did they bring the pieces of clay to Western countries （改为被动语态）
When ________ the pieces of clay ________ to the Western countries
18．The students planted the trees five years ago. （改为被动语态）
The trees ________ ________ five years ago by the students.
五、同义句转化
19．It is used to serve really cold ice-cream. （改为同义句）
It is ________ ________ ________ really cold ice-cream.
20．Mr. Green is very happy because he is satisfied with his students’ work. （改为同义句）
Mr. Green is very happy because he ________ ________ ________ his students’ work.
21．It’s my pleasure to help you. （改为同义句）
________ ________ to help you.
六、阅读单选
Have you ever tried durian(榴莲) It is said to be delicious, but you probably have never seen a durian-scented candle. That’s because the fruit smells bad. And for this reason, some people dislike durian.
But Vincent Gomes of the University of Sydney has a strong interest in durian. In his eyes, durian is more than a fruit. He and his workmates have discovered something amazing about it. They found that durian was a natural super-capacitor(超级电容器).
Super-capacitors, just like batteries(电池), are used to store energy(能量). But compared to the batteries we use today, they have a few advantages(优点). They can store a much larger amount of energy. They can be recharged(再充电) much more quickly. And most importantly, they have a much longer lifetime. The lithium-ion batteries in our smartphones depend on chemicals to produce electricity. When the chemicals are used up, the batteries become harmful waste. This has caused serious pollution problems. Scientists have been trying to invent better batteries for years.
Although super-capacitors have many advantages, they haven’t been widely used yet. The traditional materials used to make them are expensive. Durian, in comparison, is much cheaper. It has given scientists hope.
Gomes and his workmates have worked out a way to turn cores(果核) from durian into super-capacitors. But there are still many tech problems left for them to solve. Perhaps in the near future, durian batteries will have hit the market. Just hope they won’t be very smelly—we will need to use them in many places, from our cars to our phones!
22．From the text, some people don’t like durian because of its ________.
A．smell B．color C．shape D．price
23．According to the text, what are the advantages of super-capacitors
①They can store more energy.
②They are really easy to be made.
③They can be used for a longer time.
④They can be recharged more quickly.
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④
24．We can infer that Vincent Gomes and his workmates will try to ________.
A．make durian smell better
B．make durian-scented candles
C．turn durian cores into super-capacitors
D．solve some tech problems of durian batteries
25．What is the writer’s attitude(态度) towards durian batteries
A．Hateful. B．Hopeful. C．Worried. D．Surprised.Unit6 SectionB（1a-1e）
知识梳理
1. by mistake 错误地；无意中 2. in the end 最后，终于
3. mistake … for … 把……误当作…… 4. decide on 决定，选定
5. stop / keep / prevent …from doing sth. 阻止做某事 6. dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事
7. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 8. not only…but also 不但……而且
9. divide…into 把……分开 10. look up to 钦佩；仰慕
1. He cooked potato chips for a long time until they were crispy.
他把土豆条炸了很长一段时间，直到它们脆。
2. Finally he put lot of salt on them so they were really salty.
最后，他放了许多盐在它们的上面，所以它们很咸。
3. Did you know potato chips were invented by mistake
你知道薯片是在无意中被发明的吗？
4. Do you know when basketball was invented 你知道篮球是什么时候被发明的吗？
5. Basketball is a much-loved and active sport that is enjoyed by many for fun and exercise. 篮球是一项备受喜爱的、活跃的运动，它因有趣和锻炼被许多人所喜爱。
6. It is believed that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21, 1891.
据信历史上第一场篮球赛在1891年12月21日举行的。
7. When he was a college teacher, he was asked to think of a game that could be played in the winter. 当他是一位大学老师时，他被要求想出一项能在冬天进行的运动。
8. Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game. 奈史密斯博士把他班上的男生分成两队，并教他们玩这个新游戏。
9. Players on the same team must work together to get the ball in the other team’s basket.
同一个队的球员必须合作将球投进另一队的篮筐里。
10. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.
同时，他们需要阻止对方球队投进他们自己的篮筐里。
11. Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.
如今，由于许多年轻人都梦想成为著名的篮球运动员，篮球在世界各地也越来越普及。
12. Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch.
篮球不仅成为了一项人们喜欢参与的运动，而且成为了一项人们喜欢观看的运动。
13. Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.
许多年轻人钦佩这些篮球英雄，并且想要成为像他们那样的人。
14. These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.
这些明星鼓励年轻人努力奋斗来实现他们的梦想。
15. It is often difficult to decide on the inventor of certain inventions.
判定某些发明的发明者经常很难。
16. It’s hard to tell who came up with the idea first.
很难讲明谁是第一个提出这个想法的人。
17. So some people doubt whether the inventor came up with the idea himself or herself.
所以一些人怀疑是否是发明家他 / 她自己提出的这个想法。
18. They think that the inventor used someone else’s idea to create his or her invention.
他们认为发明家用别人的想法创造了他 / 她的发明。
19.That is why books or websites usually mention more than one inventor when giving information about inventions.
那就是为什么书本或网页给出关于发明的信息时，通常不只提及一位发明家。
二、重点词汇辨析
1. pleasure / pleased / pleasant
pleasure: 名词，意为“高兴；愉快”，常用于口语中。My pleasure 表示“不用谢”，用来回应别人的感谢；with pleasure表示“很乐意；没问题”，用来回应别人的请求或邀请。 如：
---Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。
----My pleasure. 不用谢。
pleased : 形容词，意为“高兴的；满意的”，常用作表语，主语通常是人。be pleased with sb. / sth.表示“对某人或某感到很满意”； be pleased to do sth. 表示“高兴/ 乐于做某事”。 如：
She was very pleased with her exam results. 她对这次考试成绩非常满意。
pleasant : 形容词，意为“令人愉快的；宜人的；舒适的”，常用来形容某事物有让人愉快的性质，在句中既可作定语，也可作表语。 如：
I’m very pleased for it is a pleasant trip. 我非常高兴，因为这是一次愉快的旅行。
2. take place / happen
take place : 通常指预先计划或预料之中的事情的“发生”，（必然性），无被动语态。 如：
The basketball match will take place on Monday.
篮球比赛将于星期一举行。
happen : 通常指具体事件的发生，（偶然性），无被动语态。 如： The accident happened at about ten.
那起事故大约发生在十点钟。
3. in the end / by the end of / at the end of
in the end: 意为“最终；最后”，强调某事的结束。相当于at last, finally。
by the end of : 意为“在……之前；到……末”。如：
by the end of this month 到这个月月底
at the end of : 意为“在……末尾 / 尽头”。
基础训练
一、根据首字母填空
1．Do you know potato chips were invented by m_________ ？
【答案】(m)istake
【详解】句意：你知道薯片是无意中发明的吗？by mistake错误地，无意地；故填(m)istake。
2．These oranges are too s________. I don’t want to eat them any more.
【答案】sour
【详解】句意：这些橘子太酸了。我不想再吃了。根据“I don’t want to eat them any more.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“酸的”，英语是形容词sour，在句中作表语，故填sour。
3．The chips taste very c________. I like to eat them.
【答案】(c)rispy
【详解】句意：薯片吃起来很脆。我喜欢吃它们。根据首字母提示和“taste”可知，需要形容词作表语，结合常识，薯片很脆，crispy“松脆的”符合句意，故填(c)rispy。
4．After a couple of minutes, I ate the last b________ on the plate and asked my mother to make some later.
【答案】(b)iscuit
【详解】句意：几分钟后，我吃了盘子里最后一块饼干，让妈妈一会儿做一些。根据首字母提示和“asked my mother to make some late”可知，吃了最后一块饼干，biscuit“饼干”符合句意，这里填名词单数，故填(b)iscuit。
5．She was in Australia but I could hear her voice as clear as a b________.
【答案】(b)ell
【详解】句意：她虽人在澳大利亚，但我却能够清楚地听到她的声音。空白处的单词放在不定冠词a的后面，用单数形式，作介词as的宾语。“as clear as a bell”, 字面含义为“像铃声一样清晰”，引申义为“极为清晰”，符合题意。故填(b)ell。
二、多句选词填空
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空
customer，music，smell，salt，lock
6．Don’t forget ________ your bike. Five bikes were lost last week.
7．There are many ________ in the supermarket at weekends.
8．Mom, the soup is not ________ enough. A little more salt, please.
9．It ________ so strong that I don’t like it at all.
10．Tony usually practices playing ________ instruments after class.
【答案】6．to lock 7．customers 8．salty 9．smells 10．musical
【解析】6．句意：不要忘记锁自行车。上周有五辆自行车丢失。根据“Five bikes were lost last week.”可知第一句是提醒对方不要忘记锁车。forget to do“忘记去做某事”，动词lock“上锁”，放在谓语动词forget后作宾语，需使用动词不定式，表示忘记去锁车。故填to lock。
7．句意：周末超市里有很多顾客。“many”后只能加可数名词复数形式。结合备选词汇，customer符合语境，放在many后应变为复数形式，故填customers。
8．句意：妈妈，这汤不够咸。请再多加一点盐。根据“A little more salt, please.”可知，前一句是说汤不够咸。salt“盐”，形容词为salty，意为“咸的”，放在be动词后作表语，故填salty。
9．句意：它味道如此浓以至于我一点都不喜欢。空格处缺一个系动词，结合备选词汇，smell闻起来，是系动词，符合语境。由“I don’t like it at all”可知前半句应使用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词应改为第三人称单数形式，故填smells。
10．句意：Tony经常课后练习演奏乐器。由“play”与“instruments”可知，此处是表达演奏乐器。结合备选词汇，形容词musical“音乐的”，放instruments前作定语，故填musical。
三、单项选择
11．The plane ________ on the ground for two more hours because of the bad weather.
A．ran B．moved C．shook D．remained
【答案】D
【详解】句意：因为糟糕的天气，飞机在地面上停留了两个小时。
考查动词辨析。ran跑；moved移动；shook摇晃，抖动；remained停留，保持原样。根据“on the ground”与“because of the bad weather”可知，飞机因糟糕天气而停留地面，remain符合题意。故选D。
12． He is an honest boy. I have no reason to _______ what he said.
A．hear B．doubt C．repeat D．believe
【答案】B
【详解】试题分析：考查动词辨析。hear听; doubt怀疑; repeat重复; believe相信。根据句意“他是一个诚实的男孩。我没有理由去 他说的话”可知选B。
13．John didn’t give up looking for a job ________ he got an offer from a German company.
A．until B．since C．because D．if
【答案】A
【详解】句意：约翰一直没有停止找工作，直到它在一家德国公司得到一个职位。
Until直到；since由于，自从……以来；because因为；If是否，如果。短语not……until……，直到……才，故选A。
14．We managed to get it finished ________ —no thanks to him.
A．at the end B．by the end C．in the end D．in the end of
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们终于设法完成了这项工作——但这没有他的什么功劳。。
考查介词短语。at the end在……结束，后面常接介词of；by the end到……为止，后面常接介词of；in the end最后，可单独使用；in the end of在……的最后，of后面接具体的事情，根据空后没有名词可知，应该用in the end，表示“最后完成了工作”，故选C。
15．Another spaceship __________ into space. It made us __________.
A．sent；proud B．sent；pride C．was sent；proud D．was sent；pride
【答案】C
【详解】句意：又一艘宇宙飞船被送入太空。它让我们感到骄傲。
主语Another spaceship和动词send之间是动宾关系，所以用被动结构，根据句意，可知该动作发生在过去，所以用一般现在时；make somebody +形容词，使某人……。proud骄傲的；形容词；pride骄傲，名词。故选C。
四、改写句子
16．I met my old friend Lucy by accident yesterday on the street. (改为同义句)
I met my old friend Lucy ________ ________ yesterday on the street.
【答案】 by chance
【详解】句意：昨天我偶然在街上遇见了我的老朋友。对比原句和改后的同义句可知，空格处应填“by accident”的同义词。by accident偶然地，可换成其同义词by chance。故填by；chance。
17．When did they bring the pieces of clay to Western countries （改为被动语态）
When ________ the pieces of clay ________ to the Western countries
【答案】 were brought
【详解】句意：他们什么时候把陶片带到西方国家的？根据题目要求和“did”可知，此句是一般过去时态的被动语态，主语是“the pieces of clay”，be动词用were，bring的过去分词是brought；故填were；brought。
18．The students planted the trees five years ago. （改为被动语态）
The trees ________ ________ five years ago by the students.
【答案】 were planted
【详解】句意：五年前学生种下了这些树。考查主动语态变被动语态。原句是一般过去时，应改为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done。主语“The trees”是可数名词复数，be动词用were；plant的过去分词是planted。故填were；planted。
五、同义句转化
19．It is used to serve really cold ice-cream. （改为同义句）
It is ________ ________ ________ really cold ice-cream.
【答案】 used for serving
【详解】句意：它是用来供应非常冷的冰淇淋的。根据题目要求可知，be used to do sth=be used for doing“被用来做”；for后接动名词作宾语，serve的动名词是serving；故填used；for；serving。
20．Mr. Green is very happy because he is satisfied with his students’ work. （改为同义句）
Mr. Green is very happy because he ________ ________ ________ his students’ work.
【答案】 is pleased with
【详解】句意：格林先生很高兴，因为他对学生们的作业很满意。be satisfied with“对……满意”，其同义短语为be pleased with。又因主语“he”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is；pleased；with。
21．It’s my pleasure to help you. （改为同义句）
________ ________ to help you.
【答案】 I’m glad
【详解】句意：我很乐意帮助你。固定短语It’s one’s pleasure to do sth.“很乐意做某事”，可以用be glad to do sth.“很开心做某事”来替换。根据“my”可知改写后句子主语用I“我”，be用am，可缩写成I’m。故填I’m；glad。
六、阅读单选
Have you ever tried durian(榴莲) It is said to be delicious, but you probably have never seen a durian-scented candle. That’s because the fruit smells bad. And for this reason, some people dislike durian.
But Vincent Gomes of the University of Sydney has a strong interest in durian. In his eyes, durian is more than a fruit. He and his workmates have discovered something amazing about it. They found that durian was a natural super-capacitor(超级电容器).
Super-capacitors, just like batteries(电池), are used to store energy(能量). But compared to the batteries we use today, they have a few advantages(优点). They can store a much larger amount of energy. They can be recharged(再充电) much more quickly. And most importantly, they have a much longer lifetime. The lithium-ion batteries in our smartphones depend on chemicals to produce electricity. When the chemicals are used up, the batteries become harmful waste. This has caused serious pollution problems. Scientists have been trying to invent better batteries for years.
Although super-capacitors have many advantages, they haven’t been widely used yet. The traditional materials used to make them are expensive. Durian, in comparison, is much cheaper. It has given scientists hope.
Gomes and his workmates have worked out a way to turn cores(果核) from durian into super-capacitors. But there are still many tech problems left for them to solve. Perhaps in the near future, durian batteries will have hit the market. Just hope they won’t be very smelly—we will need to use them in many places, from our cars to our phones!
22．From the text, some people don’t like durian because of its ________.
A．smell B．color C．shape D．price
23．According to the text, what are the advantages of super-capacitors
①They can store more energy.
②They are really easy to be made.
③They can be used for a longer time.
④They can be recharged more quickly.
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④
24．We can infer that Vincent Gomes and his workmates will try to ________.
A．make durian smell better
B．make durian-scented candles
C．turn durian cores into super-capacitors
D．solve some tech problems of durian batteries
25．What is the writer’s attitude(态度) towards durian batteries
A．Hateful. B．Hopeful. C．Worried. D．Surprised.
【答案】22．A 23．C 24．D 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了悉尼大学的研究员发现榴莲是天然的超级电容器。将来榴莲电池也有望投入市场使用，但目前仍有许多技术问题有待解决。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段“That’s because the fruit smells bad. And for this reason, some people dislike durian.”可知，一些人不喜欢榴莲的原因是它的味道不好闻。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段“They can store a much larger amount of energy. They can be recharged much more quickly. And most importantly, they have a much longer lifetime.”可知，超级电容器可储存更多能量，再充电更快，有更长的使用寿命。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But there are still many tech problems left for them to solve.”可知，Vincent Gomes和他同事下一步将解决榴莲电池的一些技术难题。故选D。
25．观点态度题。根据最后一段“Perhaps in the near future, durian batteries will have hit the market. Just hope they won’t be very smelly—we will need to use them in many places, from our cars to our phones!”可知，作者对榴莲电池的未来充满希望。故选B。
