《同步课堂知识清单》人教版七年级下册英语Unit 4 Section B
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
SectionB
1. go out 出去;外出。【知识详解 】①go out意为“外出,出去”,此处表示“参加社交活动,外出交际(或娱乐)”。
例如:Mary goes out a lot on Sundays.星期日玛丽应酬非常多。
【拓展记忆】go out 的其他用法
1)意为“出去”。与go out意思相反的词组是come in,意思是“进来”。 词组:go out for a walk外出散步;出去散步;出去走走。go for a walk散步。take a walk 散步。
例句:let’s go out to dinner.我们到外面去吃晚餐。
2)意为“出国,移居(国外)”。
例如:He went out to Australia two years ago.他在两年前移居澳大利亚了。
3)意为“过时,不再流行”。Long skirts went out last year.长裙子去年就过时了。
②out此处用作副词,修饰动词go,意为“外出”,其反义词是in。out还可意为“不在家”。
例如:My father is out,but my mother is in.Do you want to speak to her 我父亲不在家,但我母亲在家。你想和她讲话吗?[注意]网络用语“你out了”表示“你落伍了”。
2. on school nights在上学的晚上。
【知识详解】night名词,意为“晚上”。与之相对应的名词day指“白天”。
常用短语:on school nights在上学期间的晚上,on school days在上学的日子。
例如:We usually get up at five on school days,and we can’t go out on school nights.
在上学的日子我们通常5点钟起床,在上学期间的晚上我们不可以外出。
【拓展记忆】night前若有其他词修饰,如本短语school修饰时,指具体的某个晚上,表示具体某一天的晚上,只能用介词on。
例如:on winter night在冬天的晚上;on Sunday nights在星期天的晚上。
3.practice the guitar练习弹吉他。
【知识详解】practice在此处是及物动词,意为“练习,训练”,其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。固定词组:practice doing sth.意思是“练习做某事”,没有practice to do sth.的说法。
例如:I often practice my English in the morning.我常常在早上练习英语。
He practices playing the violin every day.他每天练习拉小提琴。
1. — What do you usually do in the morning
—I often practice ________ English.
A.speak B.to speak C.speaking
4. help his mom make breakfast 帮他的妈妈做早饭。
【知识详解 】①help sb (to)do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”;help后既可接带to的不定式作宾补,也可接不带to的不定式。
例如:He often helps me (to)clean the classroom.他经常帮我打扫教室。
【拓展记忆】1)help sb. with sth.意为“帮某人做某事”,with后跟名词或代词。
例如:I often help him with/(to)do his lessons。我经常帮他做功课。
2) help oneself to…意为“请随便用(吃)……”。
例如:Please help yourselves to some fruits.请随便吃些水果。
3)help用作名词,意为“帮助”,是不可数名词。
例如:Thanks for your help.谢谢你的帮助。
②make breakfast意为“做早饭”,make breakfast=cook breakfast,make表示“做,制作”。
例如:Let’s make a model plane.让我们做个飞机模型吧。
5. There are too many rules.有太多的规定(则)。
【知识详解 】①too many意为“太多”,其中too用作程度副词,表示“太”,修饰形容词many,many后接可数名词复数形式,注意没有many too这一说法。
例如:There are too many students in our school.我们学校有太多的学生。
【辨析记忆】too many,too much与much too的区别:
too many 太多的…… 其后可接可数名词复数
too much 太多的…… 后接不可数名词,还可修饰动词作状语,亦可作代词
much too 太…… much用来增强语气,后面常接形容词或副词
2.We should not eat ________ meat.
A.too many B.much too C.too much D.many too
3.—Why are you so tired these days
—Well, I have___________ homework to do.
A.too much B.too many
C.much too D.many too
6. After breakfast,my mom always says,“Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen!”早饭后,我妈妈总是说:“别把脏餐具留在厨房里!”
【知识详解】leave此处作及物动词,意为“留下,剩下,丢下,落下”,常与表示地点的介词短语连用,表示“把某物落在/忘在某地”。其过去式是left。
例如:I left my pen in the bedroom.我把钢笔落在卧室了。
(leave one by oneself把某人独自留下;leave one+介词短语(表地点)+ by oneself把某人独自留在……)
4.Don’t ________ your parents at home.When you get there, please call me.
A.forget B.forgot C.leave D.left
7.Parents and schools are sometimes strict ,but remember,they make rules to help us.父母和学校有时是严格的,但是记住,他们制订规则是为了帮助我们。
【知识详解】①strict形容词,意为“严格的,严厉的”,在句中作表语或定语。
例如:Our head teacher is very strict(作表语),but we still need many strict(作定语) rules.我们的班主任非常严格,但是我们还需要许多严格的制度。
【比较记忆】be strict with与be strict in
be strict with sb. with后跟“人”,意为“对某人要求严格;对某人严格要求” My parents are strict with me.我父母对我要求非常严格。
be strict in sth. in后跟“事”,意为“对某事要求严格;在某方面严格要求” Our teacher is strict in his work.我们老师对他的工作要求严格。
be strict in doing sth. in后跟v.ing,意为“对做某事严格要求;在做某事方面要求严格” We should be strict in doing our work.对工作我们应该严格要求。
②remember是及物动词,意为“记住,记起”;其反义词是forget,意为“忘记”。Remember后可接名词、代词、动词-ing或动词不定式作宾语,本句中remember后面的句子作其宾语。
例如:I can’t remember his telephone number.我记不得他的电话号码了。
【比较记忆】remember to do sth.与remember doing sth
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事,说明事情还没有做,相当于don’t forget to do sth. Remember to telephone me when you arrive there.记着打
remember doing sth 记得做过某事,说明事情已经做过 I remember seeing her in the city.…记得见过她
5.Remember ________ off the lights when you leave the room, please.
A.to turn B.turning C.turn
题组A 基础过关练
一、根据汉语及首字母提示填空
6.—Can you r my telephone number
—Yes, I can.
7.Your room is d . Go and clean it.
8.Running can help you k healthy.
9.His father is very (严格的)with him.
10.—Can you help me do the (碟,盘) —OK, Mom.
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
11.Every day I practice (play) baseball with my sister.
12.I have to read books before (go) to bed.
13.She always for 10 minutes after doing her homework.(relax)
14.Listening to music (relax) me.
15.On Sundays I have to go to the farm my parents. (help)
题组B 能力提升练
三、阅读单选
Electricity is all around us. It’s in the computer you are using, it’s in the ground under your feet, and it’s in your body. And you can’t live without electricity.
Without electricity, you wouldn’t be reading this article right now. It’s not because it’s not bright enough without electricity. It’s because your brain wouldn’t work.
Every move of your body needs the help of electricity. The nervous system(神经系统)sends electrical signals(信号)to your brain first, and then your brain sends them to your body. These signals don’t flow along a wire. They jump from one cell(细胞)to the next until they get to their final place.
With so much electricity jumping around, it may seem like the body is a great power station. You may wonder if you have enough power to turn on TV. Well, your body can just create little electricity. So stop dreaming.
16.What is the article mainly about
A.Electricity in our lives. B.Electricity in the ground.
C.Electricity under the feet. D.Electricity around us.
17.Why CAN’T we read the article without electricity
A.Because it’s dark. B.Because the words are not clear.
C.Because we can’t see it. D.Because our brain wouldn’t work.
18.What sends electrical signals to our brains when we move
A.The nervous system. B.The bones. C.The body. D.The cells.
19.What can we learn about our bodies from the last paragraph
A.There are wires in them.
B.Electricity flows slowly in them.
C.They are like power stations.
D.They have the power to turn on TV.
20.Where can you most probably find this article
A.In a comic book. B.In a science book. C.In a storybook. D.In a guidebook.
四、语法填空
语法填空
Hello, my name is Peter. I am 21 English boy. Look! This is 22 (I) family photo. Here 23 (be) six people in my family photo. They are my grandfather, my grandmother, my father, my mother, my sister 24 I. My grandparents are old now. My grandfather Jack is 72 and my grandmother Mary 25 (be) 70. 26 (them) love me and my sister Anna. My 27 (parent) are young(年轻的). My father Mike is 38 and my mother Jane is 35. They are very nice. 28 (whom) is Henry He is my father’s brother, my uncle. Bill is his son, my cousin. Kate is my 29 , my father’s sister. Her daughter is Gina. But my uncle, aunt and my cousins aren’t 30 my photo. I love my family.
题组C 培优拔尖练
【中考链接】
31.Please here earlier! We don't want to miss the last bus to the library.
A.arrive B.to arrive C.arriving
32.—We must be strict ________ ourselves.
—I think so.
A.with B.on C.in D.by
33.—Sorry, Mr Green. I have _______ my homework at home.
—Never mind. But don’t forger next time.
A.put B.kept C.left D.remained
34.—How long can I have your dictionary
—________ it till next term.
A.Hold B.Take C.Return D.Keep
35.--- If I want to be an astronaut, how will I get to be one
----You do well in school and tame your fears
A.may B.can C.must D.could
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参考答案:
1.C
【详解】句意:——早上你通常干吗?——我经常练习说英语。
考查非谓语动词。practice doing sth.“练习做某事”。故选C。
2.C
【详解】句意:我们不应该吃太多肉。
考查短语辨析。too many+名词复数,太多;much too+形容词/副词,太;too much+不可数名词,太多;D选项本身错误。这里表示不应该吃“太多”肉,meat是不可数名词。故选C。
3.A
【分析】
【详解】句意:——这些日子你为什么这么累? ——好吧,我有太多的功课要做。
考查短语辨析。too much“太多…”,修饰不可数名词,much too“太…”,修饰形容词或副词,too many “太多…”,修饰可数名词复数,本题中的homework是不可数名词,故用too much修饰,选A。
4.C
【详解】句意:不要把你的父母留在家里。当你到那儿的时候,请给我打电话。
考查动词辨析及祈使句。该句为祈使句的否定句,谓语动词要用动词原形,故排除BD;forget忘记;leave留下。表示“把某物遗忘在某地”需用“leave sth.+地点”结构。故选C。
5.A
【详解】句意:你离开房间时,请记得关灯。
考查非谓语动词。remember to do“记得去做某事”,这件事情还没有做;remember doing“记得做过的事情”,这件事情已经做过。根据“Remember ... off the lights when you leave the room”可知,此处为提醒,因此关灯这件事情还未做,应该用动词不定式作宾语。故选A。
6.remember
【详解】句意:——你能记得我的电话号码吗?——是的,我可以。观察句子结构可知,can为情态动词,其后跟动词原形,故空格上填动词原形。根据句意以及首字母提示可知,空格处应填remember“记得”,为动词原形。故填remember。
7.(d)irty
【详解】句意:你的房间很脏,去把它打扫一下。根据后句“Go and clean it.”可推测,“你的房间”很“脏”,再结合首字母,故填(d)irty。
8.(k)eep
【详解】句意:跑步可以帮你保持健康。keep sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事。根据“Running can help you…healthy.”和首字母提示可知,此处要填keep,表示“保持”;keep healthy表示“保持健康”。故填(k)eep。
9.strict
【详解】句意:他父亲对他要求很严格。根据所给汉语意思以及固定搭配be strict with sb“对某人要求严格”可知,应该用形容词strict作表语,故填strict。
10.dishes
【详解】句意:——你能帮我洗碗吗? ——好的,妈妈。
根据汉语提示“碟,盘”,可知用dish,名词,动词短语do the dishes洗餐具,故答案为dishes。
11.playing
【详解】句意:每天我都和我姐姐练习打棒球。“practice doing sth”意为“练习做某事”,故填playing。
12.going
【详解】句意:上床睡觉前我得先看书。“go”动词,在介词“before”的后面,应该用动名词形式“doing”。故填doing。
13.relaxes
【详解】句意:她总是在做完作业后放松10分钟。陈述经常发生的动作,句子用一般现在时,主语she是第三人称,动词用三单形式,故填relaxes。
14.relaxes
【详解】句意:听音乐使我放松。分析句子成分可知,“Listening to music”“听音乐”作主语,“relax”“使放松”作谓语,“me”“我”作宾语。根据句意可知,时态应该用一般现在时,主语是单数,动词用三单形式。故填relaxes。
15.to help
【详解】句意:星期天我得去农场帮助父母。根据“On Sundays I have to go to the farm ... my parents. ”可知,空格处作目的状语,用动词不定式。故填to help。
16.D 17.D 18.A 19.C 20.B
【导语】本文讲的是电在我们的周围到处都是。电也存在在我们的身体中。
16.主旨大意题。根据主题句“Electricity is all around us.”可知电存在在我们周围。故选D。
17.细节理解题。根据“It’s not because it’s not bright enough without electricity. It’s because your brain wouldn’t work.”可知没有电,我们的大脑就不能工作。故选D。
18.细节理解题。根据“The nervous system(神经系统)sends electrical signals(信号)to your brain first”可知在我们行动前是神经系统发送信号给大脑。故选A。
19.细节理解题。根据“With so much electricity jumping around, it may seem like the body is a great power station.”可知人体就像一个发电站。故选C。
20.推理判断题。根据文章内容,讲的是电在人体的作用。可知这是出自一个科普读物。故选B。
21.an 22.my 23.are 24.and 25.is 26.They 27.parents 28.Who 29.aunt 30.in
【导语】本文主要介绍彼得的全家福。
21.句意:我是一个英国男孩。boy“男孩”,可数名词单数,English以元音音素开头,所以用an,故填an。
22.句意:这是我的全家福。形容词性物主代词修饰名词,photo“照片”,名词,所以用主格I的形容词性物主代词my,故填my。
23.句意:这儿是我全家福中的6个人。时态是一般现在时,people是复数,所以be动词用are,故填are。
24.句意:他们是我的爷爷、我的奶奶、我的爸爸、我的妈妈、我的姐姐和我。表示并列连词用and“和”,故填and。
25.句意:我的爷爷杰克72岁,我的奶奶玛丽70岁。主语“my grandmother Mary”是单数,所以be动词用is,故填is。
26.句意:他们爱我和我的姐姐安娜。句子缺少主语,所以用主格,them的主格是they,故填They。
27.句意:我的父母是年轻的。parent“父母”,可数名词,are表明主语是复数,所以用parents,故填parents。
28.句意:他们是谁?句子缺少主语,所以用who“谁”,作主语,故填Who。
29.句意:凯特是我的姑姑,我爸爸的姐姐。爸爸的姐妹叫姑姑,即aunt,可数名词,is后面用单数,故填aunt。
30.句意:但是我的叔叔、姑姑和我的堂兄弟姐妹不在我的全家福里。in one’s photo“在某人的照片里”,故填in。
31.A
【详解】句意:请早点来到这儿!我们不想错过去图书馆的最后一辆公交车。arrive到达,不及物动词;to arrive动词不定式;arriving动名词形式。根据句子结构可知,这是一个祈使句,故用动词原形开头,选A。
32.A
【详解】句意:——我们一定要严格要求我们自己。——我也这样认为。
考查介词的用法。with在……方面;on在……上;in在……里面;by通过。be strict with sb.“对某人要求严格”;be strict in sth.“对某事要求严格”,根据“ourselves”可知,此处用介词with,故选A。
33.C
【详解】句意:——对不起,格林先生。我把作业忘在家里了。——没关系。但是下次不要忘了。
考查动词辨析。put放;kept保持;left落下;remained保留。根据“my homework at home”和“But don’t forger next time”可知,我是把作业忘在家里了,leave sth. someplace “把……忘在某地”。故选C。
34.D
【详解】句意:——我能用你的词典多久?——可以借到下学期。
考查动词辨析。hold握住;take带走;return归还;keep借,保存。根据“How long can I have your dictionary”可知,此处使用keep,表示“可以借用词典到下学期”。故选D。
35.C
【详解】句意:——如果我想成为一名宇航员,我将如何成为一名宇航员?——你必须在学校好好学习,消除恐惧。考查情态动词辨析题。may可以,表许可;can能,表许可;must必须,表示必要;could是can的过去式,表示能够或打算,用于假设语气的条件句。根据句意语境,可知本句需用must进行强调,故选C。
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