北京市第四十四中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中练习英语试卷
试卷满分：100分 考试时间：90分钟
第一部分：完形填空（共15分）
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.
One morning I ___1___ a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.
Lamb and mother ___2___. I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so ___3___ because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. Obviously, Don had somehow made the ___4___ move.
My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the ___5___. I ran desperately but failed to ___6___. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The last thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I reached the fence and looked over. The tractor was ___7___ against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the ___8___ road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I ___9___ the tractor, he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt and raced back to me. Don was given a special ___10___ that night — I didn’t want him to think I was angry with him.
1．A．dropped B．spotted C．carried D．returned
2．A．freed B．switched C．reunited D．examined
3．A．unexpected B．dangerous C．embarrassing D．difficult
4．A．lamb B．vehicle C．seat D．fence
5．A．crowd B．hill C．field D．motorway
6．A．take off B．catch up C．hold back D．get out
7．A．resting B．running C．parking D．turning
8．A．winding B．deserted C．rough D．busy
9．A．abandoned B．recognized C．approached D．repaired
10．A．meal B．test C．job D．lesson
第二部分：语法填空（共三节，15分）
A
Standing on the shore of a lake, I couldn’t help admiring the hundreds of small rocks that _____11_____ (surround) my shoes. All created from hard surfaces, the rocks softened over time. And I was wondering _____12_____we could learn from a pile of rocks. Once I was a sharp rock that was covered with pointy edges, and now I have found my attitudes have softened and my desire to understand others_____13_____ (expand) with time.
B
Oil dominates every aspect _____14_____our life. It fuels our cars, and it is used in the production of our plastic goods and the electricity for our homes and factories. Moreover, it can even _____15_____ (find) in the fertilizer for the soil in which our food grows. Oil makes nations _____16_____ (extreme) wealthy, while shortages of oil can bring economies to their knees. In short, this black and sticky substance has been running _____17_____ (we) world.
C
When we go outdoors in winter, cold wind gets through our clothes, _____18_____ (hit) our body parts fiercely. Then we may feel cold. How do we feel cold Actually human skin is filled with temperature-sensing nerve receptors named TRPs, which receive stimuli (刺激) from the environment. _____19_____ (sense) the cold, the brain uses one of the receptors (感受器) called TRPM8. When the TRPM8 is hit by stimuli, it will send an electric signal to the brain, _____20_____ understands the signal as “cold”.
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
A
You may have seen the term “”bullet journal”floating around online, but what exactly is a bullet journal This article will highlight the uses for a bullet journal and why they're great for people who wish to be more organized.
What is a bullet journal
A bullet journal is a planner system which allows you to plan for the future, track the past and keep your life organized with lists separated by bullet points. It is a place for you to create clear, yet simple to-do lists and a place to keep a note of your life goals and aspirations.
What does it help with
A bullet journal is perfect for people who like writing lists to keep themselves organized. They're great for doing as a hobby and you can get creative with the way you present your lists. They're also perfect for people who constantly write down to-do lists or make hand-written notes.
Why is it important
A bullet journal is important because we all feel better when our life is organized. Organization can reduce stress and make you happier. Having your life in order, you will know exacdy what you have to do every day so that you can remember all of your life goals.
How to create a bullet journal
The instructions will help you embark on your bullet journal.
Step 1. Find or buy a blank notebook
Any notebook with blank pages will do because if you are someone who is creative and artistic, you can decorate the notebook any way you like.
Step 2. Find or buy pens
It's best to start off simple and choose a pen that you find easy to use and that you would feel comfortable writing with every day.
Step 3. Monthlies
In this section, you can put a list of important dates for that particular month.
Step 4. Dailies and Weeklies
Put all of your daily or weekly tasks in this section so that you don't forget anything that you have to do during that day or week.
Step 5. Life Goals
Keep a life goals section. This can include different collections of goals, such as career, relationships, places you wish to visit and so on.
Now start your bullet journal!
21．Bullet journals are intended for those who hope to _______.
A．keep life in order B．lead a relaxing life
C．highlight their progress D．reduce their workload
22．Keeping bullet journals helps people _______.
A．develop artistic taste B．get rid of stress
C．build a better mood D．give up a hobby
23．Which of the following is most likely to be included in a bullet journal
A．Weekly expenses. B．Appointments with a dentist.
C．Weather forecasts. D．Passwords to your computer.
B
Recycling Electronic Waste
When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people.
Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.
But what could they do about this project with e-waste The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.
Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste.
The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.
For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste.
Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.”
24．What was Alex’s worry after he read the article
A．The littering of e-waste. B．The recycling of plastic.
C．The change of environment. D．The overuse of old computers.
25．What did Alex do to start the project
A．Set up WIN. B．Collect information.
C．Ask friends for help. D．Carry out a survey.
26．Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work
A．Traditional. B．Competitive.
C．Scientific. D．Convenient.
27．What message does the story convey
A．There is no end to perfection.
B．Success comes through failure.
C．Every positive attitude has a reward.
D．Young people can make a big difference.
C
Infectious diseases and associated deaths have reduced, but they remain a significant threat throughout the world. Infectious diseases outbreaks and the fear and panic that accompany them present various economic risks.
First, there are costs to the health system, both public and private, of medical treatment of the infected and of outbreak control. Concern over the spread of a relatively contained outbreak can lead to decreased trade. Travel and tourism to regions affected by outbreaks are also likely to decline. Some long-running outbreaks, such as HIV, prevent foreign direct investment.
The economic risks are large. It is estimated that the expected yearly cost of infectious diseases is at roughly $500 billion. Even when the health impact of an outbreak is relatively limited, its economic consequences can quickly become expanded. Liberia, for example, saw GDP growth decline 8 percentages from 2013 to 2014 during the Ebola outbreak in Africa.
The risk is complex, but policymakers have tools in response.
Investing in improved health care, supply of clean water, and better health systems can reduce the frequency of human contact with viruses. Investment in reliable disease monitoring in both human and animal populations is also critical. Within formal global watch systems, instead of discouraging reporting possible outbreaks, it may be beneficial to develop incentives for reporting suspected cases, as countries may reasonably fear the effects of such reporting on trade, tourism, and other economic outcomes. Informal monitoring systems, social media for example, which collect information from official reports, media reports, online discussions, and eyewitness observations, can also help national health systems and international responders get ahead of the outbreak news during the early stages. Cooperations for monitoring infectious diseases readiness at the national level provide information national governments can use to react timely to their outbreaks.
There is a significant market failure when it comes to vaccines (疫苗) against individual low-probability viruses that collectively are likely to cause panic. Given the low probability that any single vaccine of this type will be needed, high Research and Development (R&D) costs, and delayed returns, medical companies hesitate to invest in their development. However, responsible international corporations such as CFPI can overcome this market failure. Its goals include advancing candidate vaccines against specific low-probability, high-severity viruses through proof of concept to enable rapid clinical testing in the event of outbreaks. It also aims to fund development of institutional and technical platforms to speed R&D in response to outbreaks for which there are no vaccines.
Undoubtedly, humans and infectious viruses will coexist. However, we can take effective measures to manage the risk of the diseases. Joint action now at the local, national, and multinational levels can go a long way toward protecting our collective well-being in the future.
28．CFPI is a special company which____________.
A．is able to predict the trend of the market
B．develops vaccines against infectious viruses
C．makes huge profits by selling general medicine
D．employs staff who graduate from famous universities
29．What does the passage imply
A．More importance should be attached to health care systems.
B．All-level cooperations are required to handle infectious diseases.
C．It will not be long before mankind thoroughly defeats the viruses.
D．Technologies hold the key to the settlement of medical problems.
30．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Health Risks and Research of Infectious Diseases
B．Global Cooperation and Spread of Infectious Diseases
C．Economic Impact and Solutions of Infectious Diseases
D．Medical Service and Development of Infectious Diseases
D
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges（驱策力）count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why Why Why ”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius（孟子）, “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
31．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A．propose a definition B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument
32．What does the example of Galileo tell us
A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C．Creativity results from challenging authority.
D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
33．What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent
A．Observe the unknown around you.
B．Develop a questioning mind.
C．Lead a life of adventure.
D．Follow the fashion.
34．What could be the best title of the passage
A．Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
B．Reflections on Human Nature
C．The Keys to Achievement
D．Never Too Late to Learn
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
A study revealed that, in most occasions, the outcome on a given task can be improved when two people have helped each other instead of working on their own. As early as 1624 John Donne has already popularized the phrase “No man is an island”. And this is especially true, be it in the workplace, in doing scientific research, or working in events. One of the benefits of cooperation is that people can pool together their skills and wisdom towards a common aim. Because of this, they have a higher chance of being more successful. ___35___
Teamwork promotes diversity. The very nature of teamwork requires a group of people from various backgrounds to come together and share their thinking. ____36____ This level of diversity generates cultural understanding, increased communication through collective knowledge of approaches and a larger resource of opinions.
___37___ Working within a team helps us to create an environment which inspires collective knowledge, resources and skills. Consequently, this allows us to pick some ideas and to reflect on our own way of thinking. Teamwork also encourages self-improvement because it helps us to expand our horizons and make better use of our own intrinsic capabilities. And since self-improvement helps us in seeking better ways to perform our role within a team, it improves both the efficiency and productivity of the team as a whole.
Completion of task becomes easy. Each member has unique skills to help with the project. ____38____ For example, you may ask one person to do research, another to take charge of social media marketing, and another to look after delivery. Teamwork can get the most of each person’s strengths.
___39___ For instance, tackling about climate change by researchers who come from different disciplines (学科) could potentially lead to ground-breaking researches. In the traditional research world, one researcher pursued a theme over several decades. However, academia is fostering a fresh research culture, whereby academic works advance through the creation of interdisciplinary research.
A．Teamwork encourages healthy competition.
B．It promotes peer learning and self-improvement.
C．So a task can be assigned based on a person’s skills and expertise.
D．There are many benefits we can gain out of teamwork and cooperation.
E．The seeds of creativity and innovation spring from the exchange of ideas.
F．As a result, different opinions and problem-solving methods can be formed.
G．Cooperation has several benefits including shared risk, resources and knowledge.
第四部分：阅读与表达（共12分）
“Choose your friends wisely” may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds. Researchers prove that students who befriend studious peers spend more hours studying themselves and post higher grades during their freshman year.
It’s important to clarify that having smart friends isn’t as important as having studious friends in this study. The researchers didn’t find that friends’ grades mattered. What influenced a student’s college grades were his or her friends’ high school study habits. To be sure, students with higher grades tend to have better study habits.
They also found that, for every additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying in high school, on average, the student’s own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student’s own GPA (Grade Point Average) would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. Almost identical results are among freshman roommates randomly assigned by the college, which confirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and echoing the friendship analysis. The researchers controlled for gender, race and prior academic achievement and found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
The difference between a B and B+ average is 0.3 points, so studious friends are only nudging grades up a bit. That means peers are just one of many factors influencing how well students do in college. So should we encourage parents to pick their kids, friends in college “This is one outcome-GPA．There are other things in life, said Mehta who admits to selecting studious friends when he was in college.
40．What do researchers suggest students do in college in this study
41．How can studious friends help a student do better in college
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students.
43．Besides peer pressure, what do you think is the most important factor that helps improve your grades (In about 40 words)
第五部分：写作（共20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim询问你高考之后对大学生活和学习会有哪些准备。请你给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 对大学生活和学习的准备；
2. 进行这些准备的理由。
注意: 1.词数100词左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。北京市第四十四中学2023—2024学年度第一学期期中练习高三英语试卷 答案
第一部分：完形填空（共15分）
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A
第二部分：语法填空 （共15分）
11. surrounded 12. what 13. has expanded
14. of/in 15. be found 16. extremely
17. our 18. hitting 19. To sense
20. which
第三部分：阅读理解（共38分）
21．A 22．C 23．B
24．A 25．B 26．C 27．D
28．B 29．B 30．C
31．D 32．D 33．B 34．C
35．D 36．F 37．B 38．C 39．E
第四部分：阅读与表达 （共12分）
【答案】
40．Choose your friends wisely. /Befriend or make friends with studious students.
41．By influencing the student’s study habits.
42．The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students. The researchers found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
43．In my opinion, study habits is the most important factor that helps improve grades. Because a better study habit can make you self-discipline and become a better time planner, which can in return benefit you under the limited time during school.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩。影响学生大学成绩的因素是他或她朋友的高中学习习惯。可以肯定的是，成绩越高的学生学习习惯越好。
40．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Researchers prove that students who befriend studious peers spend more hours studying themselves and post higher grades during their freshman year.(研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩)”可知，在这项研究中，研究人员建议学生在大学里明智地选择你的朋友或与勤奋的学生交朋友。故答案为Choose your friends wisely. /Befriend or make friends with studious students.
41．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“What influenced a student’s college grades were his or her friends’ high school study habits.”可知，勤奋的朋友通过影响学生的学习习惯来帮助学生。故答案为By influencing the student’s study habits.
42．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Almost identical results are among freshman roommates randomly assigned by the college, which confirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and echoing the friendship analysis. The researchers controlled for gender, race and prior academic achievement and found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students”可知，错误的部分是“only for high achieving students”，因为研究人员发现，勤奋的同龄人对成绩优异和成绩差的学生产生的积极影响是相似的。故答案为The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students. The researchers found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
43．开放性题目，言之有理即可。可回答：在我看来，学习习惯是帮助提高成绩的最重要的因素。 因为一个好的学习习惯可以让你自律，成为一个更好的时间计划者，而这反过来可以在有限的学习时间下让你受益。故答案为In my opinion, study habits is the most important factor that helps improve grades. Because a better study habit can make you self-discipline and become a better time planner, which can in return benefit you under the limited time during school.
第五部分：书面表达
Dear Jim,
I would very much like to share my holiday plans with you. Last week, you asked about how I was preparing for my future college life. Now, I’d like to tell you.
As for my future life at university, I’ve decided to take gardening as my major and hope to be admitted to China Agricultural University. Because I’m very interested in planting flowers and have been taught by my mother how to take care of them, I want to learn more in the future. This vacation, I plan to read some books about botany to equip myself with more knowledge. I will also work in Beijing Botanical Garden as a volunteer to learn about landscape architecture. All of these preparations will definitely enrich my horticulture experience, which will make my college studies much more enjoyable.
I wonder what you will do this holiday. Maybe you’d like to share your plans with me in the next email.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim询问你高考之后对大学生活和学习会有哪些准备。请你给他回邮件，内容包括：1.对大学生活和学习的准备；2.进行这些准备的理由。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：share my holiday plans with you（和你分享假日计划）；As for my future life at university,（至于我未来的大学生活，）；how to take care of them（如何照顾它们）；等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。As for my future life at university, I’ve decided to take gardening as my major and hope to be admitted to China Agricultural University.动词不定式作宾语；Because I’m very interested in planting flowers and have been taught by my mother how to take care of them, I want to learn more in the future.句中使用原因状语从句和现在完成时态的被动语态；All of these preparations will definitely enrich my horticulture experience, which will make my college studies much more enjoyable.非限制性定语从句用在句中。
