高二下第一次月考英语
考试时间：120分钟 总分：150分
第一部分： 听力(共两小节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does Mike want to go
A. The theater. B. The bookshop. C. The restaurant.
2. What is the woman doing
A. Asking for directions. B. Having a driving test. C. Studying road signs.
3 What does the woman suggest the man do
A. Make a quick phone call.
B. Go to the airport with her.
C. Talk to her for a minute.
4. What did the girl do during the winter holiday
A. She visited her teachers.
B. She read some books.
C. She went sightseeing.
5. What kind of magazines is the man interested in
A. Political magazines. B. Fashion magazines. C. Outdoor magazines.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. Whom is the biggest gift from
A. David. B. Jack. C. Sienna.
7 What does Sienna give the woman
A. A scarf. B. A coat. C. A music box.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. Where does the woman work full-time
A. In a supermarket. B. In a company. C. In a kindergarten.
9. What requirement can’t the woman meet
A. The age. B. Work experience. C. Much overtime work.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Classmates. B. Colleagues. C. Neighbors.
11. Why did Mary go to Xiamen
A. To help her uncle with his business.
B. To escape Wuhan’s heat.
C. To help her uncle with his new department.
12. What does Mary probably think of seafood
A. Delicious. B. Just so-so. C. Terrible.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. How many people will go to the market
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.
14. How will the man get there
A. By bus. B. On foot. C. By underground.
15. Where will the woman transfer to the Northern Line
A. At Bond Street. B. At Camden Town Station. C. At Tottenham Court Road.
16. What time will the speakers meet
A. At 9:30. B. At 10:00. C. At 10:30.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What did the speaker like doing in the first city
A. Looking at the lights.
B. Going to the museums.
C. Visiting the sidewalk cafés.
18. What’s the speaker’s nationality
A. British. B. American. C. French.
19. Which city is a world capital of culture and fashion
A. Paris. B. New York. C. London.
20. What did The Beatles do in 1969
A. They walked across Abbey Road.
B. They visited Buckingham Palace.
C. They checked the time at Big Ben.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50 分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题2.5 分,满分37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes. For most students, it’s the first time they’re living away from home and managing their own life. Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging. The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life.
Goal setting
When setting goals, whether they’re academic, career, or personal, remember they should be attainable but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success.
Interpersonal skills
At college, you will interact with fellow students, professors, librarians, and many others. Strong interpersonal skills will help you build relationships during this time, and get more out of them. If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, and enhance your self-confidence.
Studying
With fewer in-class hours and more on-your-own learning, you’re required to really digest learning material rather than simply memorize facts. To be successful in college you’ll need to learn how to integrate large amounts of information obtained through reading, do research, and write papers. Organization is the key, so if you are not someone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule.
Budgeting
Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance. Then give high priority to the expenses on basic needs and determine how much money to set aside every month to cover those costs. Don’t forget about savings … and the fun stuff(movies, dinners out), too.
1. Who is this passage most probably written for
A. College teachers. B. University graduates.
C. High school teachers. D. Would-be college students.
2. What is the key to successful college study according to the author
A. Being well-organized. B. Being well-informed.
C. Effective reading skills. D. Reliable research methods.
3. To learn how to manage money, the first thing to do is ________.
A. save money for financial investment B. estimate one’s income and expenses
C. set aside money for fun activities D. open a personal bank account
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了高中毕业生如何为大学生活做更好准备的四个技巧。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段首句“Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes. (对于高中毕业生来说，进入大学是一大步，随之而来的是很多变化)”和最后—句“The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life. (以下四个技巧将使高中毕业生为大学生活做好更好的准备)”可知，本文主要是为即将步入大学的高中毕业生如何做更好准备所提的一些技巧。由此可推测出，该文主要针对于即将成为大学生的高中毕业生。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Studying”下面的“Organization is the key, so if you are not someone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule. (组织是关键，所以如果你不是一个天生有条理的人，那就制订你的学习时间表)”可知，在大学成功学习的关键是要学会成为一个有条理性的人，并科学安排自己的时间。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance. (管理资金是一项至关重要的生活技能，对许多人来说，他们正是在大学第一次培养这种技能。首先估计你的财务收支平衡状况)”可知，大学生学会自主管理金钱的第一步是要对自己的收入和支出情况进行评估。故选B项。
B
Staff at the Thai Dynasty restaurant in Singapore never thought they’d receive such a huge tip during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), when economic condition seemed hard, let alone one as big as $600. But believe it or not, they did.
What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. It wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day. No, it was Jesse, a food delivery rider who came by to pick up an online order.
Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up. Along with the tip, he also left a heartfelt written note.
“Hello! I am writing to you all because I am very happy with your food and friendly customer service,” the note starts. “I want to say that your food is really delicious. You know, every day when I’m working, I see you all working so hard, which makes me feel proud of you all. Working is not easy, and I understand that because I am also working. Therefore, I want to thank you all for the good food and I want to help you all. Here inside is $600, for all of you. Share it among yourselves. Thank you once again!”
Speaking to Shin Min Daily, Thai Dynasty director Jason Pay said he never expected such a thing from a delivery rider, despite Jesse being a familiar face. “Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by,” Pay said.
Yes, they managed to return the super generous tip when Jesse swung by a few hours later to pick up another order. But seeing the hard work that the delivery rider highlighted in his staff, Pay decided to reward them the next day with pizza and other dishes for lunch.
4. What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to
A. The tip. B. An note. C. A stranger. D. An order.
5. What impressed Jesse most about the restaurant
A. The delicious food. B. The familiar faces.
C. The generous customers. D. The positive working attitude.
6. What did the staff do to show their appreciation
A. They told the story to the newspaper.
B. They gave back the tip to the delivery rider.
C. They helped the delivery rider get more orders.
D. They treated the rider with delicious pizza and other dishes.
7. Which saying can describe the text best
A. Experience must be bought.
B. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
C. A hero is known in the time of misfortune.
D. Everyone’s love will make the world a better place.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在新加坡，一位送餐员给了一家餐厅的员工们一笔高额的小费作为对他们辛勤工作的感谢，而餐厅的员工们将这笔小费港还给了同样辛勤工作的送餐员的故事。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段第一、二句“What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. It wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day. (然而，更令人惊讶的是那个给他们留下巨额小费的人。这并不是一位那天感觉特别慷慨的顾客发出的。)”可推知，It指代的是上文中提到的“tip”，即小费。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up.(由于餐厅订单频繁，外卖骑手在工作人员中是一个熟悉的面孔，每次他来取东西时，都想对他们的辛勤工作表示感谢，以确保订单按时准备好。)”可推知，令Jesse印象最深的是这家餐厅里员工们积极的工作态度。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句中的“Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by(员工可以保留小费以奖励他们的优质服务，但他们选择退还，这让我很感动)”可知，员工们因其良好的服务而被允许保留小费，但他们选择退还小费。由此可知，员工们通过将小费还给了送餐员来表示他们的感激。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知, 文章主要讲述了在新加坡, 一位送餐员在经济状况困难的新型冠状病毒疫情期间给了一家餐厅的员工们一笔高额的小费作为对他们辛勤工作的感谢, 而餐厅的员工们将这笔小费退还给了同样辛勤工作的送餐员的故事。D项“只要人人都献出一点爱，世界会变得更加美好”符合本文主旨。故选D。
C
Tropical(热带的)birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking as the world’s climate changes. Researchers studied data for 77 tropical bird species over the past 40 years and found that all of them had lost body mass, with some species losing nearly 2% of their weight per decade.
A 2019 study of birds that had crashed into buildings in Chicago, Illinois, found that they’d lost mass over a 40—year period, but those species were migratory(迁徙的). However, why the birds changed in that way was unknown. Therefore, researchers decided to examine the records of 15, 000 non-migratory birds living in a rainforest within a few hours’ drive from Manaus in Brazil.
The average temperature of the birds’ habitat is 1℃ warmer in the wet season and 1. 65℃ warmer in the dry season compared with that in 40 years ago. What’s more, 13% more rain falls in the wet season and 15% less in the dry season. The birds have lost mass more sharply following extremely dry or wet seasons. This could be a short-term response to changes in their environment, such as a lack of rainfall causing a decline in the number of insects that the birds feed on.
“Mass is a generally good indication of body condition in birds, says Vitek Jirinec at the Integral Ecology Research Center in California, who led the study. "If they’re simply not getting enough to eat, you’d expect them to lose weight.”
Birds of the same species are generally larger at higher latitudes. The leading theory is that their smaller surface — area — to — volume ratio（表面积和体积比）allows them to better conserve heat. The opposite would help smaller species in hot climates to cool and could explain why birds are getting smaller as the climate warms, says Jirinec.
The marked physical change during just four decades show why stopping destroying trees alone won’t prevent the ongoing extinctions of animal species across the world, says Camila Gomez, a scientist who studies evolutionary changes in birds. "This study also shows how human-caused changes in climate are contributing to observed population declines in tropical birds," says Gomez.
8. Why did the researchers study the non-migratory birds
A. To make the conclusion of the 2019 study.
B. To prepare them for their future migration.
C. To find the reason for their physical change.
D. To seek a way to save the Amazon rainforest.
9. What is the birds’ habitat studied by researchers like
A. High temperatures are rarely seen. B. It seems much drier in wet seasons.
C. Weather patterns get more extreme. D. Rainfall is increased in dry seasons,
10. What does Vitek Jirinec think of the birds’ shrinking
A. It enables them to hide easily. B. It makes them feel less cold.
C. It keeps them in good shape. D. It helps them lose extra heat.
11. What might be the best title for the text
A. Global Warming Leads to Population Declines in Birds
B. Climate Change Is Causing Some Birds to Lose Weight
C. Tropical Birds Are Struggling to Survive Dry Climates
D. Migratory Birds Are Experiencing Big Physical Changes
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员研究了77种热带鸟类过去40年的数据发现，它们的体重都在下降。鸟类的此种身体变化是为了适应气候变化。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“However, why the birds changed in that way was unknown. Therefore, researchers decided to examine the records of 15, 000 non-migratory birds living in a rainforest within a few hours' drive from Manaus in Brazil.
(然而，鸟类为什么会发生这种变化还不得而知。因此，研究人员决定研究15000只非候鸟的记录，这些鸟类生活在距离巴西玛瑙斯几个小时车程的热带雨林中。)”可知，研究人员研究非迁徙类的鸟类是为了找出鸟类身体变化的原因。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“What's more, 13% more rain falls in the wet season and 15% less in the dry season. The birds have lost mass more sharply following extremely dry or wet seasons.( 更重要的是，雨季降雨量增加13%，旱季降雨量减少15%。在极端干燥或潮湿的季节之后，这些鸟的体重会急剧下降。)”可知，被研究的鸟类的栖息地的雨季降雨量增加13%，旱季反而减少15%。由此可推断，鸟类栖息地的气候模式变得更为极端。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The opposite would help smaller species in hot climates to cool and could explain why birds are getting smaller as the climate warms, says Jirinec.( Jirinec说，相反的情况可以帮助气候炎热的小型物种降温，并可以解释为什么随着气候变暖，鸟类会变得越来越小。)”可知，在Vitek Jirinec看来，鸟类体重减轻有利于它们散热。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“Tropical(热带的)birds deep in Brazil's Amazon rainforest are shrinking as the world's climate changes. Researchers studied data for 77 tropical bird species over the past 40 years and found that all of them had lost body mass, with some species losing nearly 2% of their weight per decade.(随着世界气候的变化，巴西亚马逊雨林深处的热带鸟类正在缩小。研究人员研究了过去40年里77种热带鸟类的数据，发现它们的体重都在下降，有些物种每10年体重就会下降近2%。)可知，文章主要介绍了一个研究发现——气候变化导致一些热带鸟类的体重在下降，体型缩小。结合选项可知选项B.Climate Change Is Causing Some Birds to Lose Weight(气候变化导致一些鸟类体重下降)作为标题概括最为准确。故选B。
D
We all try to spend our days doing engaging things, but the reality is that there’s a lot of boring work which also must be done. Whether it’s washing the dishes, filing papers, entering data, or any of the countless dull yet critical tasks that keep our homes, organizations, and communities running, we all have less-than-exciting tasks we have to do. Of course it’s not always easy to get ourselves to stick to these tasks, even if we know we should. What does it take to persist (坚持) when work is boring
Researchers have explored this question from many angles and studies have shown that people may persist longer when they monitor their progress, receive rewards, or when a task is made more fun. These findings have direct effects on how we design products and policies. For instance, companies are increasingly offering incentives to encourage employees to get more exercise, and managers are carrying out various game strategies to make employees’ work more fun.
Recent research by Harvard University, however, suggests that for tasks that don’t require a lot of attention, there may be a better approach. Researchers conducted a series of studies with over 2,000 participants and found that in many cases, people stop working on tasks earlier than expected not because they aren’t motivated enough, but because the tasks do not need enough attention.
Often, strategies designed to increase persistence will involve changing something about the work itself — but you can only make washing the dishes so exciting or mentally stimulating (振奋人心的). Rather than endlessly attempting to make boring tasks less boring, it can sometimes be more effective instead to pair these activities with other tasks that require more attention. This concept is called tangential immersion (切入式专注法).
Basically the mind seeks to be engaged. We experience boredom when doing tasks that require less attention than we have available, and this leads us to quit those tasks too early. But if there is a second activity in which we can involve ourselves at the same time with the low-attention task, it can occupy that extra attention, reducing boredom and thus increasing persistence.
12. In what circumstance may people continue with a boring task
A. When they feel motivated. B. When they want to kill time.
C. When they are full of energy. D. When they lack attention.
13. What does the underlined word “incentives” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Instructions. B. Rewards. C. Programmes. D. Positions.
14. Why did the participants quit their tasks earlier than expected
A. The tasks were beyond them. B. The studies took too much time.
C. The tasks demanded less attention. D. The participants were not devoted.
15. How can we focus on a boring task according to tangential immersion
A. By making it more challenging. B. By checking the progress repeatedly.
C. By refreshing the mind regularly. D. By pairing it with a demanding one.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当工作很无聊的时候，怎样才能坚持下去？研究人员从多个角度探讨了这个问题，研究表明，当人们监控自己的进展、获得奖励或当任务变得更有趣时，他们可能会坚持更久。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers have explored this question from many angles and studies have shown that people may persist longer when they monitor their progress, receive rewards, or when a task is made more fun.”（研究人员从多个角度探讨了这个问题，研究表明，当人们监控自己的进展、获得奖励或当任务变得更有趣时，他们可能会坚持更久。）可知，当人们有动力的时候，他们可以继续做一项无聊的任务。故选A项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“people may persist longer when they monitor their progress, receive rewards, or when a task is made more fun.”（当人们监控自己的进展、获得奖励或当任务变得更有趣时，他们可能会坚持更久。）以及划线单词句中的“…to encourage employees to get more exercise, and managers are carrying out various game strategies to make employees’ work more fun.”（鼓励员工多锻炼身体，经理们也在实施各种游戏策略，让员工的工作更有趣。）故可猜测，划线单词incentives为“激励，奖励”的意思，结合选项B项Rewards“奖励”意思一致。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers conducted a series of studies with over 2,000 participants and found that in many cases, people stop working on tasks earlier than expected not because they aren’t motivated enough, but because the tasks do not need enough attention.”（研究人员对2000多名参与者进行了一系列研究，发现在许多情况下，人们比预期更早地停止工作，不是因为他们没有足够的动力，而是因为这些任务不需要足够的注意力。）可知，参与者会比预期更早地退出任务是因为这些任务需要较少的注意力。故选C项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Rather than endlessly attempting to make boring tasks less boring, it can sometimes be more effective instead to pair these activities with other tasks that require more attention. This concept is called tangential immersion .”（与其无休止地试图让无聊的任务变得不那么无聊，有时把这些活动与其他需要更多注意力的任务配对会更有效。这个概念被称为切向沉浸。）可知，根据切向沉浸感，我们把它和一个高要求的配对来专注于枯燥的任务。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的七个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. ___16___
It turns out, it’s just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. ___17___Any small interruption-a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:____18____So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line-and serve each person at the front with the next available register. ___19___This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
____20____It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A. Why does this always seem to happen to you
B. So why don’t most places encourage serpentine lines
C. Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line
F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【答案】16. A 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。
【16题详解】
根据下文“It turns out, it’s just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. (原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快)”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，A选项“Why does this always seem to happen to you ( 为什么这种事总是发生在你身上 )”符合文意，故选A项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.(杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账)”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.(任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线)”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，G项“But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.(但有时，比如在周日下午，系统会变得特别繁忙)”，与此呼应。故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. (如果杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生)”联系下文“So it’s not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.(所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快)”可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。D项“The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.(你的线路是最快的几率只有三分之一)”与此对应。故选D项。
【19题详解】
根据“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won’t unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.(这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结账速度)”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。F项“With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.(由于有三个寄存器，这种方法比传统方法要快得多)”与此对应。故选F项。
【20题详解】
结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can’t afford the space or manpower.(要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力)”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。B项“So why don’t most places encourage serpentine lines (那么，为什么大多数地方不鼓励使用蛇形线条呢？)”解释了该原因。故选B项。
第三部分：英语知识运用
第一节：完型填空(共15 小题;每小题1 分,满分15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat (外交官) and explorer in the Han dynasty, with a pioneering and adventurous____21____as well as a strong and unyielding character, was ____22____as the “pioneer of the silk road”, “the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world” and “the Columbus of the____23____”.
As early as 2,000 years ago, Zhang Qian was____24____on a mission to seek allies (同盟国) in the west of China to____25____the enemies in northern tribes. Along the way, no matter how difficult the environment was, his____26____was firm. But soon Zhang was ____27____ by the Huns just as he left Han territory and was held prisoner for a dozen years.
After an eleven spring and autumn recycling, the Huns’____28____ became loose. Hence, Zhang ran away with his personal____29____. They continued to travel west without any dry food and drinking water. Due to the excellent skill of shooting arrows, they ____30____ by eating birds and animals along the way. After several days, they ____31____ arrived in Amu Darya Area. However, people there enjoyed their life and didn’t want any war. Though Zhang didn’t finish his mission, he brought back precious____32____ of the Western Regions.
Due to the____33____of Zhang Qian, the Silk Road started. Through his diplomatic practice, the bridge of friendly exchanges between the Han and western countries was____34____, and the cultural and economic exchanges between the cast and the west were promoted. Zhang’s journey to the Western Regions breathed new ____35____ into the civilization and progress of the whole world.
21. A. will B. spirit C. team D. tradition
22. A. played B. dressed C. mistaken D. honored
23. A. north B. east C. south D. west
24. A. assigned B. frozen C. withdrawn D. stuck
25. A. compromise with B. take over C. fight against D. learn from
26. A. statement B. position C. faith D. reputation
27. A. captured B. persuaded C. threatened D. challenged
28. A. watch B. atmosphere C. investigation D. requirement
29. A. cattle B. waitresses C. cooks D. guards
30. A. surrounded B. survived C. sheltered D. strengthened
31. A. constantly B. violently C. extensively D. eventually
32. A. secrets B. valuables C. knowledge D. slaves
33. A. greed B. wealth C. effort D. violence
34. A. constructed B. reformed C. preserved D. assessed
35. A. smell B. vitality C. format D. discipline
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了张骞历经艰险出使西域，开启了丝绸之路的故事，及其对促进东西方文化、经济交流的影响。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：张骞是汉代杰出的外交家、探险家，具有开拓冒险精神和坚强不屈的性格，被誉为“丝绸之路的开创者”、“中国人第一个睁开眼睛看世界的人”、“东方的哥伦布”。A. will意志；B. spirit精神；C. team团队；D. tradition传统。根据下文“‘pioneer of the silk road’, ‘the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world’(‘丝绸之路的开创者’，‘中国人第一个睁开眼睛看世界的人’)”可知，张骞具有开拓冒险精神和坚强不屈的性格。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. played玩；B. dressed给……穿衣服；C. mistaken弄错；D. honored给……以荣誉。空后是张骞赢得的几个名誉称号，be honored as“被誉为”，符合题意。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. north北方；B. east东方；C. south南方；D. west西方。根据上文“Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat (外交官) and explorer in the Han dynasty”可知，张骞是中国汉朝人，故被誉为“东方的哥伦布”。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：早在2000多年前，张骞被派到中国西部寻求盟友，以对抗北方部落的敌人。A. assigned派遣；B. frozen冷冻；C. withdrawn撤回；D. stuck陷入。 根据空后“on a mission to seek allies (同盟国) in the west of China”可知，张骞被派到中国西部寻求盟友。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. compromise with妥协；B. take over接管；C. fight against对抗；D. learn from向……学习。根据空后“the enemies in northern tribes”可知，此处指对抗北方部落的敌人。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一路走来，无论环境多么艰难，他的信念都是坚定的。A. statement声明；B. position地位；C. faith信念；D. reputation名声。根据句意及下文他被囚禁十几年可知，无论环境多么艰难，他的信念始终坚定。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但不久，张就在离开汉朝领土时被匈奴俘虏，被囚禁了十几年。A. captured俘虏；B. persuaded说服；C. threatened威胁；D. challenged挑战。根据下文“was held prisoner for a dozen years”可知，张骞离开汉朝领土后不久，被匈奴人囚禁了十几年。由此可知，张骞被俘虏了。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过十一年春秋的循环，匈奴人的警戒放松了。A. watch监视，警戒；B. atmosphere气氛，氛围；C. investigation调查，侦察；D. requirement要求。根据下文“Hence, Zhang ran away”可知，张骞逃了出来。由此可知，此处指匈奴人的警戒放松了。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是，张带着他的贴身护卫跑了。A. cattle家畜；B. waitresses侍女，女仆；C. cooks厨子；D. guards卫兵，警卫。根据下文“They continued to travel west”可知，他们继续向西前行。由此可知，张骞带着他的贴身护卫一起逃跑了。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于箭术高超，他们靠吃沿途的鸟类和动物生存。A. surrounded包围；B. survived生存；C. sheltered保护；D. strengthened加强。根据“by eating birds and animals along the way”可知，尽管没有干粮和水，但是由于高超的射箭技术，他们通过沿途猎食鸟类和动物，活了下来。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：几天后，他们终于到达阿姆河地区。A. constantly始终；B. violently强烈地；C. extensively广阔地；D. eventually终于。根据上下文可知，张骞一行人历经艰险，终于到达阿姆河地区。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然张骞没有完成他的使命，但他带回了宝贵的西域知识。A. secrets秘密；B. valuables贵重物品；C. knowledge知识；D. slaves奴隶。根据上下文可知，虽然张骞没有完成（为汉武帝寻找盟友的）使命，但他带回了宝贵的西域知识。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在张骞的努力付出下，丝绸之路开始了。A. greed贪婪；B. wealth财富；C. effort努力；D. violence暴力。根据“the Silk Road started”可知，张骞出使西域促进了中国和西方物质文化交流，所以由于他的努力，丝绸之路开始了。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过他的外交实践，架起了汉与西方国家友好交往的桥梁，促进了中国与西方国家的文化、经济交流。A. constructed建造；B. reformed改革；C. preserved维护；D. assessed评估。根据“and the cultural and economic exchanges between the cast and the west were promoted”可知，通过张骞的外交实践，架起了汉朝与西方国家友好交往的桥梁。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：张骞下西域，为世界文明进步注入了新的活力。A. smell气味；B. vitality活力；C. format设计；D. discipline纪律。根据上下文可知，张骞出使西域，为世界文明与进步注入了新的活力。故选B。
第二节：语法填空(共10 个小题;每小题1.5 分, 满分15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For Greek photographer George Doupas, Beijing is home now. During the past decade, he has been photographing the city, capturing its beauty ___36___ sharing these photos online and in exhibitions.
“This ___37___ (true) represents Beijing — the old and the new, nicely mixing together,” Doupas said while showing his photograph of the Zhihua Temple, a delicate Ming Dynasty building. It ___38___ (locate) in front of a modern office building, Galaxy SOHO, which features weaving bridges and interlocking passageways.
With rich historical heritage, Beijing ___39___ (be) an important center of traditional Chinese culture since the Ming Dynasty. Doupas often gets ___40___ (lose) in the city’s splendid ancient architecture. Meanwhile, he is also amazed by the modern city ___41___(combine) high-end businesses and various industries. “It is fascinating to see a rapidly-developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past, which is ___42___ I decided to pursue my career here,” he said.
Doupas is determined to continue with his career in China, hoping to serve as ___43___ bridge between China and the West. The ___44___ (display) that show his photos about Beijing have attracted a large audience in Greece and the Czech Republic.
“I call Beijing my home now,” he said, “I’ll keep sharing photos of China ___45___ the rest of the world.”
【答案】36. and
37. truly 38. is located
39. has been
40. lost 41. combining
42. why 43. a
44. displays
45. with
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。在过去的十年里，生活在北京的希腊摄影师乔治·杜帕斯一直在拍摄这座城市，捕捉它的美丽，并在网上和展览中分享这些照片。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：在过去的十年里，他一直在拍摄这座城市，捕捉它的美丽，并在网上和展览中分享这些照片。根据句意和空格后的sharing分析句子可知，sharing和上文的photographing以及capturing是并列关系，所以空格处应该填入并列连词and。故填and。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：“这真正代表了北京——旧与新，完美地融合在一起，”杜帕斯在展示他拍摄的智化寺的照片时说，智化寺是一座精致的明代建筑。根据句意和所给形容词true分析句子可知，空格处应该填入形容词true的副词形式truly作状语，修饰后面的动词represent。故填truly。
【38题详解】
考查时态、固定搭配和主谓一致。句意：它位于现代办公大楼银河SOHO的前面，以编织的桥梁和环环相扣的通道为特色。根据句意和所给动词locate分析句子可知，此处是考查动词locate的用法be located in+地点（坐落于……）；根据句意和后面从句的时态是一般现在时可知，主句也应该用一般现在时；再由主语it可知，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填is located。
【39题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：北京拥有丰富的历史遗产，自明朝以来一直是中国传统文化的重要中心。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由时间状语since the Ming Dynasty可知，句子应该用现在完成时；再由主语Beijing可知，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has been。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：杜帕斯经常在这座城市辉煌的古建筑中迷路。根据句意和所给动词lose以及空格前的get分析句子可知，空格处应该填入形容词lost作表语。故填lost。
【41题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：同时，他也惊叹于这座融合了高端商业和各行业的现代化城市。根据句意和所给动词combine分析句子可知，空格处应该填入combine的非谓语形式作定语，修饰前面的名词city，因为名词city和动词combine之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词combining作定语。故填combining。
【42题详解】
考查连接副词。句意：他说：“看到一座快速发展的城市投入如此大的精力来保护它的过去，这是令人着迷的，这就是我决定在这里追求事业的原因。”根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个表语从句，空格处应该填入一个连接词引导表语从句，且意义为“为什么”，所以应该用连接副词why。故填why。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：杜帕斯决心在中国继续他的职业生涯，希望成为中国和西方之间的桥梁。根据句意和空格后的单数可数名词bridge分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个不定冠词，表泛指，因为bridge的发音是辅音音素开头，所以应该用不定冠词a。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查可数名词单复数。句意：展览展示了他关于北京的照片，吸引了希腊和捷克共和国的大量观众。根据句意和所给可数名词display分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的主语，由句中的助动词have可知，句子的主语应该是复数形式displays。故填displays。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：“我现在把北京当成我的家，”他说，“我会继续把中国的照片分享给世界其他地方。”根据句意和句中的动词share分析句子，此处是考查动词share和介词with的搭配：share something with somebody（和某人分享某物）。故填with。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，想邀请留学生朋友Eric一起去做义工。请他给写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 要做的事情；
3. 期待他的加入。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Erica，
We’re going to do some voluntary work this Sunday morning in our neighborhood. I m writing to invite you to join us.
Started by Student Union, this activity is aimed at helping people in need. We will do many things like helping the disabled and the old, or raising public awareness of environmental protection. I know you’ve always been hoping to get close to local people, and this is a good opportunity for you to practice your oral Chinese with the locals.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于提纲类应用文，要求考生以李华的身份给留学生朋友Eric写封邮件，邀请他一起去做义工。
详解】1.词汇积累
机会：chance →opportunity
汉语口语：spoken Chinese → oral Chinese
本地人：native people → local people
接近：be close to → get close to
2.句式拓展
同义句改写
原句：I know you’ve always been hoping to get close to local people, and this is a good opportunity for you to practice your oral Chinese with the locals.
拓展句：I know you’ve always been hoping to get close to the locals, and this is a good chance that you can take to practice your spoken Chinese with them.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Started by Student Union, this activity is aimed at helping people in need.（运用了非谓语动词Started作状语）
[高分句型2] I know you’ve always been hoping to get close to local people, and this is a good opportunity for you to practice your oral Chinese with the locals. （运用了现在完成进行时态）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was one of those days when nothing seemed to go right. I dragged myself out of the bed and all of the routines began early. I dropped my two older children at school with relief and unwillingly headed to the supermarket to buy groceries with my youngest. I wasn't feeling any sense of appreciation for my comfortable home or lovely family.
I was getting mad with this early day, and my son, just four years old at that time, was being difficult. I raced around to pick the items with no regard to cost, while trying to control my naughty child whose behavior had now added to my complete displeasure. Yes, I was that mother, threatening, and roaring at a small child.
We eventually made it to the checkout and stood in the queue waiting for our turn. After a short time, I noticed that someone had joined the line behind us. I turned and saw an old man. He wore a dirty overcoat. His shoes were worn out, and his trousers tapped around sockless ankles on this cold, wet day. In his hands he just carried a small box of long-life milk.
I had too many groceries. I asked him if he'd like to go ahead of me. It wasn't an act of kindness on my part, also not my automatic reaction. Perhaps I just did out of a sense of guilt, or I just wanted him gone. After all, his presence made me uncomfortable. In the same way, I felt uncomfortable and avoided my eyes when passing a homeless person.
He didn't respond to me as if I had said nothing to him. I looked at him and repeated my words. This time, I was sure that he had heard what I said.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
He looked surprised and uncertain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I had to find him and gave back the change.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】He looked surprised and uncertain. He asked me quietly, “Madam, I possibly couldn’t do it. Are you sure ” “Sure!” I confirmed, nodding at him unwillingly. He went ahead slowly, paid for the milk, and took his change. Then, to my amazement, he turned to my child and pressed the change into his hand. Without any more words, he turned around and disappeared into the crowds. Seeing this, a sense of guilt flooded into my mind. I looked around anxiously, hoping that he hadn’t walked away.
I had to find him and gave back the change. Out of the supermarket, an old man with a dirty overcoat and sockless ankles caught my attention. I ran to him quickly, pressing back the change into his hand with a big bag of bread for his kindness. I hurried away before he expressed his thanks. At this moment, my guilt gave way to the relief. Also, I felt comfortable about my home, family, and even my life, rather than being mad. A gentle breeze softly kissed me. I went home with my lovely child happily as well as gratefully.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者对家庭生活感觉并不舒适，带四岁的儿子去购物时，儿子非常顽皮，使作者感觉不快。在收银台排队时，作者因为感觉不舒服，让一位衣衫褴褛的老人先结账，老人开始没有回应，作者又重复了一遍之后，确定老人听到了自己的话。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他看上去既惊讶又不确定。”可知，第一段可描写老人重新确认作者的话，结账之后把零钱给了作者的孩子，然后走了，作者感觉内疚。
②由第二段首句内容“我必须找到他并把零钱还给他。”可知，第二段可描写作者找到老人，表达感激，作者对家、家庭和生活都感觉舒适了。
2.续写线索：老人惊讶——老人送零钱给孩子——内疚——还钱——离开——感觉舒适
3.词汇激活
行为类
①询问：ask/inquire/question
②环顾四周：look around/look about
③引起我的注意：catch my attention/catch my eye
情绪类
①不情愿地：unwillingly/reluctantly
②焦急地：anxiously/worriedly
【点睛】【高分句型1】I looked around anxiously, hoping that he hadn’t walked away.（由连接词that引导宾语从句作hoping的宾语）
【高分句型2】I hurried away before he expressed his thanks.（由连接词before引导时间状语从句）
听力答案：1—5 BCACA 6—10 ABACA 11—15 CBBAC 16—20 BCBCA高二下第一次月考英语
考试时间：120分钟 总分：150分
第一部分： 听力(共两小节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does Mike want to go
A. The theater. B. The bookshop. C. The restaurant.
2. What is the woman doing
A. Asking for directions. B. Having a driving test. C. Studying road signs.
3. What does the woman suggest the man do
A. Make a quick phone call.
B. Go to the airport with her.
C. Talk to her for a minute.
4. What did the girl do during the winter holiday
A. She visited her teachers.
B. She read some books.
C. She went sightseeing.
5. What kind of magazines is the man interested in
A Political magazines. B. Fashion magazines. C. Outdoor magazines.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. Whom is the biggest gift from
A. David. B. Jack. C. Sienna.
7. What does Sienna give the woman
A. A scarf. B. A coat. C. A music box.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. Where does the woman work full-time
A. In a supermarket. B. In a company. C. In a kindergarten.
9. What requirement can’t the woman meet
A. The age. B. Work experience. C. Much overtime work.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Classmates. B. Colleagues. C. Neighbors.
11. Why did Mary go to Xiamen
A. To help her uncle with his business.
B. To escape Wuhan’s heat.
C. To help her uncle with his new department.
12. What does Mary probably think of seafood
A. Delicious. B. Just so-so. C. Terrible.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. How many people will go to the market
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.
14. How will the man get there
A. By bus. B. On foot. C. By underground.
15. Where will the woman transfer to the Northern Line
A. At Bond Street. B. At Camden Town Station. C. At Tottenham Court Road.
16. What time will the speakers meet
A. At 9:30. B. At 10:00. C. At 10:30.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What did the speaker like doing in the first city
A. Looking at the lights.
B. Going to the museums.
C. Visiting the sidewalk cafés.
18. What’s the speaker’s nationality
A. British. B. American. C. French.
19. Which city is a world capital of culture and fashion
A. Paris. B. New York. C. London.
20. What did The Beatles do in 1969
A. They walked across Abbey Road.
B. They visited Buckingham Palace.
C. They checked the time at Big Ben.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50 分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题2.5 分,满分37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes. For most students, it’s the first time they’re living away from home and managing their own life. Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging. The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life.
Goal setting
When setting goals whether they’re academic, career, or personal, remember they should be attainable but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success.
Interpersonal skills
At college, you will interact with fellow students, professors, librarians, and many others. Strong interpersonal skills will help you build relationships during this time, and get more out of them. If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, and enhance your self-confidence.
Studying
With fewer in-class hours and more on-your-own learning, you’re required to really digest learning material rather than simply memorize facts. To be successful in college you’ll need to learn how to integrate large amounts of information obtained through reading, do research, and write papers. Organization is the key, so if you are not someone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule.
Budgeting
Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance. Then give high priority to the expenses on basic needs and determine how much money to set aside every month to cover those costs. Don’t forget about savings … and the fun stuff(movies, dinners out), too.
1. Who is this passage most probably written for
A. College teachers. B. University graduates.
C. High school teachers. D. Would-be college students.
2. What is the key to successful college study according to the author
A. Being well-organized. B. Being well-informed.
C. Effective reading skills. D. Reliable research methods.
3. To learn how to manage money, the first thing to do is ________.
A. save money for financial investment B. estimate one’s income and expenses
C. set aside money for fun activities D. open a personal bank account
B
Staff at the Thai Dynasty restaurant in Singapore never thought they’d receive such a huge tip during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) when economic condition seemed hard, let alone one as big as $600. But believe it or not, they did.
What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. It wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day. No, it was Jesse, a food delivery rider who came by to pick up an online order.
Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up. Along with the tip, he also left a heartfelt written note.
“Hello! I am writing to you all because I am very happy with your food and friendly customer service,” the note starts. “I want to say that your food is really delicious. You know, every day when I’m working, I see you all working so hard, which makes me feel proud of you all. Working is not easy, and I understand that because I am also working. Therefore, I want to thank you all for the good food and I want to help you all. Here inside is $600, for all of you. Share it among yourselves. Thank you once again!”
Speaking to Shin Min Daily, Thai Dynasty director Jason Pay said he never expected such a thing from a delivery rider, despite Jesse being a familiar face. “Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by,” Pay said.
Yes, they managed to return the super generous tip when Jesse swung by a few hours later to pick up another order. But seeing the hard work that the delivery rider highlighted in his staff, Pay decided to reward them the next day with pizza and other dishes for lunch.
4. What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to
A. The tip. B. An note. C. A stranger. D. An order.
5. What impressed Jesse most about the restaurant
A. The delicious food. B. The familiar faces.
C. The generous customers. D. The positive working attitude.
6. What did the staff do to show their appreciation
A. They told the story to the newspaper.
B. They gave back the tip to the delivery rider.
C. They helped the delivery rider get more orders.
D. They treated the rider with delicious pizza and other dishes.
7. Which saying can describe the text best
A. Experience must be bought.
B. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
C. A hero is known in the time of misfortune.
D. Everyone’s love will make the world a better place.
C
Tropical(热带的)birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking as the world’s climate changes. Researchers studied data for 77 tropical bird species over the past 40 years and found that all of them had lost body mass, with some species losing nearly 2% of their weight per decade.
A 2019 study of birds that had crashed into buildings in Chicago, Illinois, found that they’d lost mass over a 40—year period, but those species were migratory(迁徙的). However, why the birds changed in that way was unknown. Therefore, researchers decided to examine the records of 15, 000 non-migratory birds living in a rainforest within a few hours’ drive from Manaus in Brazil.
The average temperature of the birds’ habitat is 1℃ warmer in the wet season and 1. 65℃ warmer in the dry season compared with that in 40 years ago. What’s more, 13% more rain falls in the wet season and 15% less in the dry season. The birds have lost mass more sharply following extremely dry or wet seasons. This could be a short-term response to changes in their environment, such as a lack of rainfall causing a decline in the number of insects that the birds feed on.
“Mass is a generally good indication of body condition in birds, says Vitek Jirinec at the Integral Ecology Research Center in California, who led the study. "If they’re simply not getting enough to eat, you’d expect them to lose weight.”
Birds of the same species are generally larger at higher latitudes. The leading theory is that their smaller surface — area — to — volume ratio（表面积和体积比）allows them to better conserve heat. The opposite would help smaller species in hot climates to cool and could explain why birds are getting smaller as the climate warms, says Jirinec.
The marked physical change during just four decades show why stopping destroying trees alone won’t prevent the ongoing extinctions of animal species across the world, says Camila Gomez, a scientist who studies evolutionary changes in birds. "This study also shows how human-caused changes in climate are contributing to observed population declines in tropical birds," says Gomez.
8. Why did the researchers study the non-migratory birds
A. To make the conclusion of the 2019 study.
B. To prepare them for their future migration.
C. To find the reason for their physical change.
D. To seek a way to save the Amazon rainforest.
9. What is the birds’ habitat studied by researchers like
A. High temperatures are rarely seen. B. It seems much drier in wet seasons.
C. Weather patterns get more extreme. D. Rainfall is increased in dry seasons,
10. What does Vitek Jirinec think of the birds’ shrinking
A. It enables them to hide easily. B. It makes them feel less cold.
C. It keeps them in good shape. D. It helps them lose extra heat.
11. What might be the best title for the text
A. Global Warming Leads to Population Declines in Birds
B. Climate Change Is Causing Some Birds to Lose Weight
C. Tropical Birds Are Struggling to Survive Dry Climates
D. Migratory Birds Are Experiencing Big Physical Changes
D
We all try to spend our days doing engaging things, but the reality is that there’s a lot of boring work which also must be done. Whether it’s washing the dishes, filing papers, entering data, or any of the countless dull yet critical tasks that keep our homes, organizations, and communities running, we all have less-than-exciting tasks we have to do. Of course it’s not always easy to get ourselves to stick to these tasks, even if we know we should. What does it take to persist (坚持) when work is boring
Researchers have explored this question from many angles and studies have shown that people may persist longer when they monitor their progress, receive rewards, or when a task is made more fun. These findings have direct effects on how we design products and policies. For instance, companies are increasingly offering incentives to encourage employees to get more exercise, and managers are carrying out various game strategies to make employees’ work more fun.
Recent research by Harvard University, however, suggests that for tasks that don’t require a lot of attention, there may be a better approach. Researchers conducted a series of studies with over 2,000 participants and found that in many cases, people stop working on tasks earlier than expected not because they aren’t motivated enough, but because the tasks do not need enough attention.
Often, strategies designed to increase persistence will involve changing something about the work itself — but you can only make washing the dishes so exciting or mentally stimulating (振奋人心的). Rather than endlessly attempting to make boring tasks less boring, it can sometimes be more effective instead to pair these activities with other tasks that require more attention. This concept is called tangential immersion (切入式专注法).
Basically, the mind seeks to be engaged. We experience boredom when doing tasks that require less attention than we have available, and this leads us to quit those tasks too early. But if there is a second activity in which we can involve ourselves at the same time with the low-attention task, it can occupy that extra attention, reducing boredom and thus increasing persistence.
12. In what circumstance may people continue with a boring task
A. When they feel motivated. B. When they want to kill time.
C. When they are full of energy. D. When they lack attention.
13. What does the underlined word “incentives” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Instructions. B. Rewards. C. Programmes. D. Positions.
14. Why did the participants quit their tasks earlier than expected
A. The tasks were beyond them. B. The studies took too much time.
C. The tasks demanded less attention. D. The participants were not devoted.
15. How can we focus on a boring task according to tangential immersion
A. By making it more challenging. B. By checking the progress repeatedly.
C. By refreshing the mind regularly. D. By pairing it with a demanding one.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的七个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. ___16___
It turns out, it’s just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. ___17___Any small interruption-a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:____18____So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line-and serve each person at the front with the next available register. ___19___This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
____20____It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A. Why does this always seem to happen to you
B. So why don’t most places encourage serpentine lines
C. Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line
F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G. But sometimes as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
第三部分：英语知识运用
第一节：完型填空(共15 小题;每小题1 分,满分15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat (外交官) and explorer in the Han dynasty, with a pioneering and adventurous____21____as well as a strong and unyielding character, was ____22____as the “pioneer of the silk road”, “the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world” and “the Columbus of the____23____”.
As early as 2,000 years ago, Zhang Qian was____24____on a mission to seek allies (同盟国) in the west of China to____25____the enemies in northern tribes. Along the way, no matter how difficult the environment was, his____26____was firm. But soon Zhang was ____27____ by the Huns just as he left Han territory and was held prisoner for a dozen years.
After an eleven spring and autumn recycling, the Huns’____28____ became loose. Hence, Zhang ran away with his personal____29____. They continued to travel west without any dry food and drinking water. Due to the excellent skill of shooting arrows, they ____30____ by eating birds and animals along the way. After several days, they ____31____ arrived in Amu Darya Area. However, people there enjoyed their life and didn’t want any war. Though Zhang didn’t finish his mission, he brought back precious____32____ of the Western Regions.
Due to the____33____of Zhang Qian, the Silk Road started. Through his diplomatic practice, the bridge of friendly exchanges between the Han and western countries was____34____, and the cultural and economic exchanges between the cast and the west were promoted. Zhang’s journey to the Western Regions breathed new ____35____ into the civilization and progress of the whole world.
21. A. will B. spirit C. team D. tradition
22. A. played B. dressed C. mistaken D. honored
23. A. north B. east C. south D. west
24. A. assigned B. frozen C. withdrawn D. stuck
25. A. compromise with B. take over C. fight against D. learn from
26. A. statement B. position C. faith D. reputation
27. A. captured B. persuaded C. threatened D. challenged
28. A. watch B. atmosphere C. investigation D. requirement
29. A. cattle B. waitresses C. cooks D. guards
30. A. surrounded B. survived C. sheltered D. strengthened
31. A. constantly B. violently C. extensively D. eventually
32. A. secrets B. valuables C. knowledge D. slaves
33. A. greed B. wealth C. effort D. violence
34. A. constructed B. reformed C. preserved D. assessed
35. A. smell B. vitality C. format D. discipline
第二节：语法填空(共10 个小题;每小题1.5 分, 满分15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For Greek photographer George Doupas, Beijing is home now. During the past decade, he has been photographing the city, capturing its beauty ___36___ sharing these photos online and in exhibitions.
“This ___37___ (true) represents Beijing — the old and the new, nicely mixing together,” Doupas said while showing his photograph of the Zhihua Temple, a delicate Ming Dynasty building. It ___38___ (locate) in front of a modern office building, Galaxy SOHO, which features weaving bridges and interlocking passageways.
With rich historical heritage, Beijing ___39___ (be) an important center of traditional Chinese culture since the Ming Dynasty. Doupas often gets ___40___ (lose) in the city’s splendid ancient architecture. Meanwhile, he is also amazed by the modern city ___41___(combine) high-end businesses and various industries. “It is fascinating to see a rapidly-developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past, which is ___42___ I decided to pursue my career here,” he said.
Doupas is determined to continue with his career in China, hoping to serve as ___43___ bridge between China and the West. The ___44___ (display) that show his photos about Beijing have attracted a large audience in Greece and the Czech Republic.
“I call Beijing my home now,” he said, “I’ll keep sharing photos of China ___45___ the rest of the world.”
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，想邀请留学生朋友Eric一起去做义工。请他给写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 要做的事情；
3. 期待他的加入。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was one of those days when nothing seemed to go right. I dragged myself out of the bed and all of the routines began early. I dropped my two older children at school with relief and unwillingly headed to the supermarket to buy groceries with my youngest. I wasn't feeling any sense of appreciation for my comfortable home or lovely family.
I was getting mad with this early day, and my son, just four years old at that time, was being difficult. I raced around to pick the items with no regard to cost, while trying to control my naughty child whose behavior had now added to my complete displeasure. Yes, I was that mother, threatening, and roaring at a small child.
We eventually made it to the checkout and stood in the queue waiting for our turn. After a short time I noticed that someone had joined the line behind us. I turned and saw an old man. He wore a dirty overcoat. His shoes were worn out, and his trousers tapped around sockless ankles on this cold, wet day. In his hands he just carried a small box of long-life milk.
I had too many groceries. I asked him if he'd like to go ahead of me. It wasn't an act of kindness on my part, also not my automatic reaction. Perhaps I just did out of a sense of guilt, or I just wanted him gone. After all, his presence made me uncomfortable. In the same way, I felt uncomfortable and avoided my eyes when passing a homeless person.
He didn't respond to me as if I had said nothing to him. I looked at him and repeated my words. This time, I was sure that he had heard what I said.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
He looked surprised and uncertain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I had to find him and gave back the change.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1—5 BCACA 6—10 ABACA 11—15 CBBAC 16—20 BCBCA
