2022-2023学年度石家庄二中高三年级11.20期中考试
英语
注意事项：
1．本卷共46题，100分满分。
2．考试结束后上传答题卡照片，要求清晰可辨认字体。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分）
A
Not all walks need be a forced march. Here are 4 of Britain's gentlest routes, both urban trails and countryside meanderings（曲径）.
The Grand Union Canal, Birmingham
Start Point:The Bordesley Centre
The original Grand Union Canal runs for 137 miles, taking you through an industrial area to discover the hidden world of canals, with narrow boats, wildlife and fishermen. Along the canal, look out for wildflowers and birdlife, and narrow boats negotiating the locks. The walk can be extended along the canal at either end to make it flexible in length.
Warley Woods, Keswick
Start point:Keswick Youth Hostel
Starting in the centre of Keswick, this walk takes you up through Castlehead Wood, the perfect place for a woodland adventure, and to a wonderful viewpoint over Derwentwater and the surrounding mountains. The route then takes you down to the lakeshore and returns across Crow Park to the market square.
Chester-le-Street, County Durham
Start point:Chester-le-Street Amateur Rowing Club
A lovely riverside walk along the banks of the River Wear, through Riverside Park and past Durham county football club. The circular route follows a curve in the river, meaning you'll have beautiful views along the way. Watch the rowers on the river or stop in the park to feed the swans and ducks. This walk is wheelchair-friendly.
Hathersage Flower Meadows（草地），Derbyshire
Start point:Hathersage Railway Station
There are attractive views to be appreciated throughout this scenic walk and two sites of protected meadow offer a real treat to summertime walkers. Fans of the works of great masters, like Charlotte Bronte, will enjoy spotting several places that are closely associated with the authors.
1. What can you do in Warley Woods
A. Enjoy mountain scenery.
B. Walk along the canal.
C. Go boating on the lake.
D. Do shopping in the park.
2. What is special about Chester-le-Street
A. It is attractive to shoppers.
B. It is available to the disabled.
C. It is friendly to foreign tourists.
D. It is popular with football fans.
3. Which place do literature lovers prefer
A. The Grand Union Canal.
B. Warley Woods.
C. Chester-le-Street.
D. Hathersage Flower Meadows.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文，介绍了四条在英国适合散步的路线。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Warley Woods, Keswick部分的“and to a wonderful viewpoint over Derwentwater and the surrounding mountains.”（并在Derwentwater和周围的山脉上欣赏美妙的景色。）可知，人们在Warley Woods可以欣赏到周围的山景。故选A。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Chester-le-Street, County Durham”部分的“This walk is wheelchair-friendly.”（这条道方便轮椅）可知，人们可使用轮椅在Chester-le-Street通行。由此推知，这条线路的特别之处是残疾人可以选择这条散步路线。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最Hathersage Flower Meadows（草地），Derbyshire部分“Fans of the works of great masters, like Charlotte Bronte, will enjoy spotting several places that are closely associated with the authors.”（像夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)这样的大师作品的粉丝，会很高兴地发现几个与作者密切相关的地方。）可知，Hathersage Flower Meadow的散步路线上有很多与文学巨匠相关的地方，由此可知，这条路线特别适合文学爱好者散步。故选D。
B
A contact lens (隐形眼镜) that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.
Glaucoma is an eye disease that involves damage to the optic nerve, and can lead to blindness if not treated. According to the charity Glaucoma UK, the most common form of the disease, known as primary open angle glaucoma, is thought to affect almost 10% of people older than 75. This form is generally caused by increased pressure within the eye, usually as a result of a buildup of fluid.
Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug if the pressure transcends a certain level.
Writing in the journal Nature Communications, the team describe how they created the device using an upper and lower lens, with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them around the rim of the lenses. When the pressure inside the eye increases, the gap between the upper and lower lenses decreases. This is detected by the pressure sensor by means of a cantilever. The sensor then sends a signal to the wireless system which subsequently triggers the release of an anti-glaucoma drug, from a hydrogel attached to an electrode, and enables it to cross the cornea of the eye. The drug, brimonidine, acts to reduce the pressure within the eye.
The study reveals that the contact lenses have so far been tested on pigs’ eyes and on the eyes of living rabbits—albeit with smaller-sized lenses—although trials have yet to be carried out in humans. The researchers note the lenses are not only soft and minimally invasive but are also battery-free adding that the approach could be expanded to help tackle other eye diseases.
Prof Zubair Ahmed from the Institute of Inflammation and Ageing at the University of Birmingham who was not involved in the work, said the research was potentially very exciting, adding that a rise in pressure within the eye was a significant problem for most people with glaucoma. “The materials required to create such contact lenses are inexpensive and soon could be mass-produced.” he added.
4. Who can probably get help from the contact lens
A. Those who are blind. B. Those who have glaucoma.
C. Those who are older than 75. D. Those who are under heavy pressure.
5. Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 3
A. Exceeds. B. Maintains. C. Lowers. D. Balances.
6. How did the team create the device
A. By crossing the cornea of the eye and then sending a signal.
B. By enlarging the gap between the upper and lower lenses.
C. By using brimonidine to increase the pressure within the eye.
D. By employing pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device.
7. What can we learn about the contact lenses
A. They are safe but too costly. B. They have been tested on humans.
C. They will be put on the market soon. D. They need to be used with battery power.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款由中国科学家研发的新型隐形眼镜，可实时监测眼压辅助治疗青光眼。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A contact lens that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.(科学家发明了一种隐形眼镜，如果它检测到眼睛内高压，就会释放药物。科学家称这种隐形眼镜有助于治疗青光眼。)”可知，科学家认为这种隐性眼镜可辅助治疗青光眼，所以受众群体为青光眼患者，故选B项。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug should the pressure transcend a certain level.(中国的研究人员透露，他们已经开发出一种隐形眼镜，可以感知眼睛内的压力增加，如果压力transcend一定水平，就会释放一种抗青光眼药物。)”可知，这款隐形眼镜可以感知眼压的升高，并在压力超过一定水平时释放抗青光眼药物。“increase”是提示词，可猜测transcend为超过的含义，“exceed”意为“超过”，故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“…using an upper and lower lens，with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them around the rim of the lenses.( 该团队在《自然通讯》杂志上发表文章，描述了他们是如何使用上下透镜创造出这种设备的，在透镜的边缘，有一个雪花形状的压力传感器和无线能量传输装置夹在它们之间。)”可知，研发团队在上下两块镜片之间的边缘夹着雪花状压力传感器和无线电力传输装置，故选D项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The materials required to create such contact lenses are inexpensive and soon could be mass-produced (制造这种隐形眼镜所需的材料很便宜，很快就可以批量生产。)”可知，这款隐形眼镜很快就能大规模生产投人市场了，故选C项。
C
On a trip to the forests of southern India, amateur photographer Kaushik Vijayan was shocked to see some massive rodents（啮齿动物），who are maroon（紫褐色），leaping from treetop to treetop.
Vijayan uploaded the images of the four-pound rodents to Instagram, and the Internet went crazy immediately. Some had a difficult time believing that the squirrels, photographed in the Pathanamthitta District of Kerala, actually exist, thanks to the animals' bright spots of black and maroon.
But the Indian giant（巨大的）squirrel, also known as the Malabar giant squirrel, is the real deal. Believe it or not, it is not alone. There are three other giants in the squirrel family, Sciuridae-each of which weighs in at two to three times the size of the gray squirrels native to the eastern United States.
＂The four species that make up this group are fascinating in their large size, brilliant coloration, and tendency for feeding on some of the massive tropical fruits on the trees, "says Koprowski.
Even among its relatives, the Indian giant squirrel stands out with its bright colors, which makes one wonder why its evolution would select fur. That would call so much attention to itself. After all, these forests are also home to predators such as lion-tailed macaques, leopards, and crested serpent eagles-all of which have been known to hunt rodents.
No one knows for sure, says Koprowski, but the squirrel's purple patterns may serve as a way to hide the animal itself. This is because the broadleaf forests these squirrels inhabit create a pattern of sun spots and shaded areas-not unlike the rodents' markings.
In other words, what looks flashy and fun to us in an Instagram post may make the squirrels disappear when hungry mouths come to hunt. Now that's a common trick.
8. How did people feel after seeing the Malabar giant squirrel's images
A. Nervous. B. Incredible. C. Embarrassed. D. Sorrowful.
9. What makes the Malabar giant squirrel different from the rest
A. Its size. B. Its habitat. C. Its color. D. Its lifestyle.
10. Why does the Malabar giant squirrel have unusual fur
A. To show itself off.
B. To protect itself.
C. To drive other animals away.
D. To compete with its companions.
11. Which of the following may be a potential threat to the Malabar giant squirrel
A. Human beings.
B. Rodents' hunting.
C. The Instagram post.
D. The broadleaf forests.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。摄影家Kaushik Vijayan在印度发现了皮毛是紫褐色的巨型松鼠，这让很多网友都感到惊奇。经过研究之后，研究者认为是生活环境决定了它的身体特征。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Some had a difficult time believing that the squirrels, photographed in the Pathanamthitta District of Kerala, actually exist, thanks to the animals' bright spots of black and maroon.”（照片拍摄于喀拉拉邦的Pathanamthitta区，由于这些动物身上黑色和褐红色的亮点，有些人很难相信这些松鼠真的存在。）可知，一些人很难相信这种松鼠真实存在。由此可知，当人们看到它的图片时，应该是难以置信的。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But the Indian giant squirrel, also known as the Malabar giant squirrel, is the real deal. Believe it or not, it is not alone. There are three other giants in the squirrel family, Sciuridae-each of which weighs in at two to three times the size of the gray squirrels native to the eastern United States.”（除了印度大松鼠，也被称为马拉巴尔大松鼠，是真正的大家伙。信不信由你，它并不孤单。松鼠家族中还有另外三种巨松鼠，它们的体重都是美国东部原生灰松鼠的两到三倍。）可知，除了这种紫褐色的巨型松鼠，还有三种体型巨大的松鼠，所以排除体型（size）。再根据第五段“Even among its relatives, the Indian giant squirrel stands out with its bright colors, which makes one wonder why its evolution would select fur.”（即使在它的近亲中，印度大松鼠也以其鲜艳的颜色脱颖而出，这让人不禁要问，为什么它的进化会选择毛皮。）可知，这种新发现的松鼠和同类相比，它的皮毛的颜色最为突出。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Even among its relatives, the Indian giant squirrel stands out with its bright colors, which makes one wonder why its evolution would select fur.”（即使在它的近亲中，印度大松鼠也以其鲜艳的颜色脱颖而出，这让人不禁要问，为什么它的进化会选择毛皮。）和第六段“No one knows for sure, says Koprowski, but the squirrel's purple patterns may serve as a way to hide the animal itself.”（Koprowski说，没有人知道确切的答案，但是松鼠身上的紫色图案可能是一种隐藏动物自身的方式。）可知，这种巨型松鼠的紫色皮毛是为了适应当地环境，从而能隐藏和保护自己。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In other words, what looks flashy and fun to us in an Instagram post may make the squirrels disappear when hungry mouths come to hunt. Now that's a common trick.”（换句话说，在Instagram上看起来光鲜而有趣的东西，可能会让饥饿的松鼠在觅食时消失。这是一个常见的伎俩。）由此推出，人类是这些松鼠的潜在威胁。故选A。
D
You may have noticed sudden, brief twitching (抽动) at some point while your dog was sleeping and wondered if they were dreaming or even expressing some type of discomfort. These involuntary movements only occur during dream states and usually don’t last long. So is twitching just a normal part of dreaming, or are there times when you should worry
Dogs sleep an average of 12-14 hours each day. While they sleep, a dog’s brain processes information and experiences from the day through dreams. Twitching is often related to active dream cycles in the brain.
According to research by psychologist Stanley Coren, an average-size dog will dream about every 20 minutes, and these dreams will last about a minute. Larger breeds (品种) have fewer dreams that last longer- about every 45 minutes for 4 minutes. The opposite is true for smaller breed dogs; they will dream about every 10 minutes for up to 30 seconds.
Dogs experience the same dream stages as humans, including non-rapid eye movement (NREM), short-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM). During the REM state, a dog’s eyes move around behind their closed eyelids, and the large body muscles are turned off so the dream is not physically acted out. The amount of twitching depends on how much these off switches cramp muscle movement.
If your dog sleeps next to you, they may unintentionally disturb your sleep with their sudden body movements. However, it is often advised not to awaken a dog that is twitching in their sleep unless they are clearly in distress.
A bad dream or night terror could be the cause of these involuntary movements, and they may wake up frightened. Try to avoid touching them so they don’t bite you as a result of being shocked and panicked. Instead, gently call your dog’s name until they respond. Speak calmly and tell them that they are safe and secure after they wake up. While they appear to be pretty active in their sleep, dreaming dogs may be slow to awaken.
12. Which of the following influences how often dogs dream
A. Their sleeping time. B. Their body size.
C. Their daily experiences. D. Their health conditions.
13. What does the underlined word “cramp” mean in paragraph 4
A. Stimulate. B. Transform. C. Limit. D. Monitor.
14. Why is it advised not to wake up a dog twitching in sleep
A. To avoid being bitten by the dog. B. To ensure the dog adequate sleep.
C. To prevent the dog getting shocked. D. To escape disturbance from the dog.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. How does dogs’ brain work
B. Why do dogs dream at night
C. Why do dogs twitch in their sleep
D. How does dogs’ twitch affect their sleep
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么狗在睡觉时会抽搐的现象，以及如何处理这种情况避免被狗咬伤或惊吓到狗。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四自然段“According to research by psychologist Stanley Coren, an average-size dog will dream about every 20 minutes, and these dreams will last about a minute. Larger breeds (品种) have fewer dreams that last longer — about every 45 minutes for 4 minutes. The opposite is true for smaller breed dogs; they will dream about every 10 minutes for up to 30 seconds. (根据心理学家斯坦利·科伦的研究，一只中等大小的狗大约每20分钟就会做梦，这些梦会持续大约一分钟。体型较大的品种的梦更少，持续时间更长——大约每45分钟做一次，持续4分钟。小型犬的情况正好相反；他们会每10分钟做梦一次，时间长达30秒)”可知，狗的体型会影响狗的做梦频率。故选B。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“During the REM state, a dog’s eyes move around behind their closed eyelids, and the large body muscles are turned off so the dream is not physically acted out. (在快速眼动状态下，狗的眼睛在紧闭的眼睑后移动，身体的大块肌肉被关闭，所以梦不会在身体上发生)”可知，抽搐的程度取决于这些开关对肌肉运动的限制程度。由此可知，划线词意思是“限制”。A. Stimulate刺激；B. Transform转换；C. Limit限制；D. Monitor监控。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Try to avoid touching them so they don’t bite you as a result of being shocked and panicked. (尽量避免碰到它们，这样它们就不会因为受惊而咬你)”可知，建议不要吵醒睡梦中抽搐的狗是为了避免被狗咬伤。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一自然段“You may have noticed sudden, brief twitching (抽动) at some point while your dog was sleeping and wondered if they were dreaming or even expressing some type of discomfort. (你可能会注意到你的狗狗在睡觉时突然短暂的抽搐，想知道它们是在做梦，还是在表达某种不适)”并结合文章可知，本文主要解释了为什么狗在睡觉时会抽搐的现象，以及如何处理这种情况避免被狗咬伤或惊吓到狗。由此可知，C选项“Why do dogs twitch in their sleep (为什么狗在睡觉时会抽搐？)”最能概括本文主旨。故选C。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It's the start of a new year, when your fitness goals are set and you engage in the challenge. ___16___ Their standards of “too big” are not even achievable in their lifetime, let alone a few months of training, which brings my tips.
Set realistic goals! The process of building muscle is an absolutely slow one that requires strong will to gain. Consistently causing protein synthesis （合成）in specific muscle fibers will allow muscle to develop. However, all individuals are not equal in the process.___17___ Gaining muscle will happen quickly to a new gym-goer, but take a long time for someone that has been training for years.
Stick to specific training for the goals you set to achieve. ___18___This will require you to restrict the diet, and it will prevent you gaining muscle. Diet reflects the training load. The training reflects your goals. It's like swimming upstream, think strong, fast and flexible. If you are running a marathon, the goals are different and train accordingly!
___19___ Fat has taken some time to develop, so it will not be lost overnight. Allow the hormonal triggers （生理诱因）in the body to work more efficiently to regulate volume of food. Taking out additional sugars is one of the most important steps to regulate volumes of food to switch off desire for food.
Once a goal is reached, do not go back to what you did before. When people finish their transformation, the hormone profile is very weak to fat deposition （沉积）。Every training session should be a step toward a lasting transformation, with a diet improving the level of exercise. ___20___
A. Don't try to achieve too much at once.
B. Why do so few people see their goals through
C. Give yourself a realistic timeline when it comes to fat loss.
D. Keeping running slowly leads to very big changes over time.
E. Appreciate that you are taking time for your own development.
F. Place restrictions on your diet and follow good food eating patterns.
G. Also, it depends on how long you have been training to achieve muscle growth.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. A 19. C 20. F
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了如何制定并实现你的健身目标。
【16题详解】
根据上文“It's the start of a new year, when your fitness goals are set and you engage in the challenge.（新的一年开始，你设定健身目标并开始挑战）”及空格处下一句“Their standards of “too big” are not even achievable in their lifetime, let alone a few months of training, which brings my tips.（他们过大的标准甚至一生都无法实现，更不用说几个月的训练了，这给我带来了提示。）”可知，此处说明人们制定健身计划，但是目标太宏大，以至于很少人能够实现他们的目标。因此推断B项“Why do so few people see their goals through （为什么很少有人实现他们的目标呢？）”承接上文的制定健康目标，引出下文的不能实现的大目标。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据空格处上一句“The process of building muscle is an absolutely slow one that requires strong will to gain.”可知，锻炼肌肉的过程是一个绝对缓慢的过程，需要坚强的意志来获得。G项中的“muscle growth.”与上文一致；下文“ Gaining muscle will happen quickly to a new gym-goer, but take a long time for someone that has been training for years.”可知，健身房新来的锻炼者很快会有肌肉，但是对于已经接受多年训练的人来说，则需要很长时间。因此推断肌肉训练因人而异。因此推断G项“Also, it depends on how long you have been training to achieve muscle growth.（另外，这取决于你增长肌肉所需要训练的时间）”承上启下，且“how long”与下句“for years”呼应。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据主题句“Stick to specific training for the goals you set to achieve.（要坚持你设定的目标。）”可知，本段说明要坚持自己设定的目标；下文“If you are running a marathon, the goals are different and train accordingly!（如果你要参加马拉松训练，目标将有所不同，并进行相应的训练。）”说明不同的目标有不同的训练，不能同时设定多个目标，因为所需要的训练不同。因此推断不要指望一下子完成多个目标。A项“Don't try to achieve too much at once.（不要指望一下子就能实现）”符合语境。故选A。
【19题详解】
分析可知，空格处为段落标题。根据空格处下句“ Fat has taken some time to develop, so it will not be lost overnight.”可知，脂肪的生成需要很长时间，因此减肥也并不可能一夜之间就能完成，因此推断要设定符合现实的目标。因此推断C项“Give yourself a realistic timeline when it comes to fat loss.（当提到减肥的时候，要给你自己设定一个符合现实的时间表）”为段落标题。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Every training session should be a step toward a lasting transformation, with a diet improving the level of exercise.(每次训练都应该是迈向持久转变的一步，通过节食可以改善运动水平。”训练时要节食。F项中的“restrictions on your diet”F和“ good food eating patterns”与此处一致，因此推断F项“Place restrictions on your diet and follow good food eating patterns.（达到健身目标后要防止脂肪回弹，因此还需要控制饮食，遵循好的饮食习惯。）”符合语境，且F项中“diet”原词重现，与上文呼应。故选F。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分）
Once I started working after graduating from Wilfrid Laurier University, I decided to stay in the workforce and go to school part-time. I began my journey as an adult ___21___ in the Business Administration program at Wilfrid Laurier University. When I ___22___ from Laurier, a colleague introduced me to the Certified Employee Benefit Specialist （CEBS） program, which offered a professional credential（凭证）related to my field of ___23___
These days, I keep my industry knowledge ___24___ through reading industry publications, ___25___ relative conferences and taking an annual Continuing Education course. From a___26___interest perspective, I've taken music lessons and ___27___ in first aid, gardening and website development.
Some might call me a learning ___28___. I honestly can't imagine a time when I want to stop learning. Sometimes people ask me why I ___29___ to take courses when I am getting close to “retirement’’. When I look to the ____30____, 30 years of sitting on the couch watching Netflix isn't the kind of life I want to live. I need a reason to get out of bed in the morning, and something to keep me ____31____ active.
I am looking at the Plain Language program as an opportunity to learn a new skill that will not only make me ____32____ at my current job, but also will ____33____ some extra income once I leave my full-time career behind.
The days of being able to ____34____ education after university are long gone. So, continuous learning will be necessary to keep up with the pace of ____35____
21. A. designer B. teacher C. reporter D. learner
22 A. heard B. inferred C. graduated D. suffered
23. A. work B. training C. research D. education
24. A. current B. known C. useful D. remarkable
25. A. organizing B. attending C. recording D. confirming
26. A. secret B. personal C. unique D. common
27. A. choices B. measures C. courses D. responsibilities
28. A. celebrity B. master C. consultant D. addict
29. A. need B. agree C. continue D. refuse
30. A. truth B. demand C. effect D. future
31. A. financially B. physically C. mentally D. socially.
32. A. better B. stronger C. braver D. firmer
33. A. reduce B. generate C. reserve D. negotiate
34. A. care about B. leave behind C. insist on D. show off
35. A. comment B. purchase C. production D. change
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己一直坚持学习的故事告诉我们终生学习的必要性和重要性。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名成年学习者，我开始了自己的求学之旅，在劳里埃大学(Wilfrid Laurier University)学习工商管理课程。A. designer设计师；B. teacher老师；C. reporter记者；D. learner学习者。作者从大学毕业后一边工作，一边学习。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我劳里埃大学毕业，同事介绍我去认证员工福利专家(CEBS)计划，该计划提供与我的工作领域相关的专业证书。此处考查“动词+from”搭配的短语辨析。A. heard from 收到来信；B. inferred from 从……中推断出； C. graduated from 毕业于；D. suffered from遭受。作者从劳里埃大学学习完了工商管理课程后毕业。 故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我从劳里埃大学毕业，同事介绍我去认证员工福利专家(CEBS)计划，该计划提供了与我的工作领域相关的专业证书。A. work工作；B. training培训；C. research研究；D. education教育。根据“professional（职业的，专业的）”可知，证书是与工作有关的。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些天，我通过阅读行业刊物、参加相关会议和参加年度继续教育课程来保持对行业知识的了解。A. current当前的，最新的；B. known已知的；C. useful有用的；D. remarkable非凡的。此处是短语keep…current意思为“随时了解……”。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些天，我通过阅读行业刊物、参加相关会议和参加年度继续教育课程来保持对行业知识的了解。A. organizing组织；B. attending参加；C. recording录音；D. confirming确认。作者通过参加相关会议等途径来了解行业最新的知识。此处是短语attend the conference意思为“参加会议”。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就个人兴趣而言，我上过音乐课，还有急救、园艺和网站开发方面的课程。A. secret秘密的；B. personal个人的；C. unique独特的；D. common普遍的。下文“music … first aid, gardening and website development”都是作者个人感兴趣的方面。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就个人兴趣而言，我上过音乐课、急救、园艺和网站开发方面的课程。 A. choices选择；B. measures测量；C. courses课程；D. responsibilities责任。
根据“music lessons”可知，急救、园艺和网站开发都是作者发展个人兴趣的课程。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人可能会说我是一个学习成瘾者。A. celebrity名人；B. master大师，高手；C. consultant顾问；D. addict痴迷者，上瘾的人。根据下一句“I honestly can't imagine a time when I want to stop learning”作者不愿停止学习。由此可知，他痴迷于通过学习来不断提高自己。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时人们会问我为什么快退休了还继续上课。A. need需要；B. agree同意；C. continue继续；D. refuse拒绝。作者不敢想象自己停止学习，因此不断地继续学习。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我展望未来，30年坐在沙发上看Netflix不是我想要的生活。A. truth真理；B. demand需求；C. effect影响；D. future未来。根据上文“I am getting close to‘retirement’”，作者想到未来退休后的生活，不想退休后就坐在沙发上看电视。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我需要一个早上起床的理由，和一些让我精神活跃的东西。A. financially经济上；B. physically身体上；C. mentally精神上；D. socially社会上。根据背景知识，学习新的知识能够让人保持思维活跃。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把这个简明语言计划看作是一个学习新技能的机会，这不仅会让我在目前的工作上做得更好，而且在我离开全职工作后，还会产生一些额外的收入。A. better更好；B. stronger更强；C. braver更勇敢；D. firmer更坚定。根据“an opportunity to learn a new skill”可知，作者通过参加这个语言课程，学会新技能，能把现在的工作做得更好。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把这个简明语言计划看作是一个学习新技能的机会，这不仅会让我在目前的工作上做得更好，而且在我离开全职工作后，还会产生一些额外的收入。A. reduce减少；B. generate产生；C. reserve预订；D. negotiate谈判。根据 “I leave my full-time career behind.”可知，作者觉得即使退休了，他现在学的技能也能给自己创造一份额外收入。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：能够在大学毕业后就把教育抛在身后的日子已经一去不复返了。 A. care about关心；B. leave behind留下，抛在后面； C. insist on坚持；D. show off炫耀。根据 “continuous learning will be necessary”可知，作者认为大学毕业后就将教育抛开是不行的。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，不断学习将是必要的，以跟上变化的步伐。A. comment评论；B. purchase购买；C. production生产；D. change变化。作者认为要跟上时代的变化，就要不断学习。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题2分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Guardian gave us the bad news that red and processed meat can shorten life. But The Daily Telegraph provided the good news that exchanging one portion （部分）of red meat a day ___36___fish or nuts could cut the risk of early death by almost a fifth.
Both headlines ___37___（put） forward by a major new study into diet and health ___38___（outcome）. Researchers looked at changes in diet for more than 50, 000 women and 27, 000 men in the US, over 16 years.
They found that those ___39___ had changed their diet to include more red meat ___40___（be） around 10% more likely to die during the study. While reducing red meat alone did not result in lower risk of death, eating other food such as fish or nuts did ___41___（slight） reduce the risk of death.
We still need to be ___42___（care） about the findings. This study cannot tell us for sure that red meat or changes in red meat ___43___（consume） are the direct cause of changes in length of life. But ___44___ results support existing healthy eating advice____45____（limit） red and processed meat, and to eat plenty of vegetables, fruit and other protein sources such as nuts and legumes （豆类）.
【答案】36. for
37. were put
38. outcomes
39. who/that
40. were 41. slightly
42. careful
43. consumption
44. the 45. to limit
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了每天用一份红肉代替鱼或坚果可以将早死的风险降低。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：但《每日电讯报》提供了一个好消息，每天用一份红肉代替鱼或坚果可以将早死的风险降低近五分之一。exchange…for…是固定搭配，意为“交换”。故填for。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这两个标题都是由一项关于饮食和健康结果的重大新研究提出的。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语Both headlines与谓语为被动关系。可知，此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为headlines，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填were put。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：这两个标题都是由一项关于饮食和健康结果的重大新研究提出的。outcome是可数名词，再根据前面的 diet and health可知，这里是指两方面的结果，所以用复数形式。故填outcomes。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他们发现，在研究期间，那些改变了饮食习惯、摄入更多红肉的人死亡的可能性要高出10%左右。空处引导定语从句，先行词those指代人，且在定语从句中充当主语，需用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们发现，在研究期间，那些改变了饮食习惯、摄入更多红肉的人死亡的可能性要高出10%左右。分析句子结构可知，that引导的宾语从句缺少谓语，再根据前面的had可知，此处应该用一般过去时。主语为those，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：虽然减少红肉本身并不能降低死亡风险，但吃鱼或坚果等其他食物确实能略微降低死亡风险。此处用slight的副词形式来修饰谓语动词did reduce。故填slightly。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们仍然需要对这些发现保持谨慎。be为系动词，后面需加形容词作表语，be careful about为固定结构，意为“注意”。故填careful。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：这项研究不能确定地告诉我们红肉或红肉消耗的变化是寿命变化的直接原因。meat为名词作定语，修饰名词。consumption是consume的名词形式，meat consumption意为“肉类消耗”。故填consumption。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：但研究结果支持了现有的健康饮食建议，即限制红肉和加工肉类，多吃蔬菜、水果和其他蛋白质来源，如坚果和豆类。这里的the results特指这次实验的结果，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但研究结果支持了现有的健康饮食建议，即限制红肉和加工肉类，多吃蔬菜、水果和其他蛋白质来源，如坚果和豆类。and前后为并列成分，根据本句后面的to eat可知，此处应该用动词不定式作定语。故填to limit。
第三部分 写作（满分 15 分）
46. 假定你是校英语剧社社长李华，原定于下周举行的英语剧表演比赛因故推迟，请给担任评委的外教Katherine写封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示歉意；
2.推迟原因；
3.后续调整。
注意：1词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
3.请在答题卡的相应位置作答
Dear Katherine,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Katherine,
How are things going with you these days I’m sorry to tell you that the English drama competition scheduled to be held next week has been postponed for some reason.
I suppose everybody around the world has been somehow affected by Covid-19, and we are no exception. The greatest influence on us is that the English drama competition this year has been postponed to next month. If the virus is under control soon, we will rearrange and inform you in time. I wish it would be convenient for you to be our judge then.
Please stay safe and stay in contact with me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给外教Katherine写信，告诉她原定于下周举行的英语剧表演比赛因故推迟，对此深表歉意，并讲明原因和后续安排。
【详解】1.词汇积累
推迟：postpone→put off
影响：affect→influence
竞赛：competition→contest
与……保持联系：stay in contact with→keep in touch with
2.句型拓展
同义句
原句： I’m sorry to tell you that the English drama competition scheduled to be held next week has been postponed for some reason.
拓展句： I’m sorry to tell you that the English drama competition which was scheduled to be held next week has been postponed for some reason.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I’m sorry to tell you that the English drama competition scheduled to be held next week has been postponed for some reason.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和过去分词作后置定语）
[高分句型2]The greatest influence on us is that the English drama competition this year has been postponed to next month.（运用了that引导的表语从句）
[高分句型3]I wish it would be convenient for you to be our judge then.（运用了虚拟语气）2022-2023学年度石家庄二中高三年级11.20期中考试
英语
注意事项：
1．本卷共46题，100分满分。
2．考试结束后上传答题卡照片，要求清晰可辨认字体。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分）
A
Not all walks need be a forced march. Here are 4 of Britain's gentlest routes, both urban trails and countryside meanderings（曲径）.
The Grand Union Canal, Birmingham
Start Point:The Bordesley Centre
The original Grand Union Canal runs for 137 miles, taking you through an industrial area to discover the hidden world of canals, with narrow boats, wildlife and fishermen. Along the canal, look out for wildflowers and birdlife, and narrow boats negotiating the locks. The walk can be extended along the canal at either end to make it flexible in length.
Warley Woods, Keswick
Start point:Keswick Youth Hostel
Starting in the centre of Keswick, this walk takes you up through Castlehead Wood, the perfect place for a woodland adventure, and to a wonderful viewpoint over Derwentwater and the surrounding mountains. The route then takes you down to the lakeshore and returns across Crow Park to the market square.
Chester-le-Street, County Durham
Start point:Chester-le-Street Amateur Rowing Club
A lovely riverside walk along the banks of the River Wear, through Riverside Park and past Durham county football club. The circular route follows a curve in the river, meaning you'll have beautiful views along the way. Watch the rowers on the river or stop in the park to feed the swans and ducks. This walk is wheelchair-friendly.
Hathersage Flower Meadows（草地），Derbyshire
Start point:Hathersage Railway Station
There are attractive views to be appreciated throughout this scenic walk and two sites of protected meadow offer a real treat to summertime walkers. Fans of the works of great masters, like Charlotte Bronte, will enjoy spotting several places that are closely associated with the authors.
1. What can you do in Warley Woods
A. Enjoy mountain scenery.
B. Walk along the canal.
C Go boating on the lake.
D. Do shopping in the park.
2. What is special about Chester-le-Street
A It is attractive to shoppers.
B. It is available to the disabled.
C. It is friendly to foreign tourists.
D. It is popular with football fans.
3. Which place do literature lovers prefer
A. The Grand Union Canal.
B. Warley Woods.
C. Chester-le-Street.
D. Hathersage Flower Meadows.
B
A contact lens (隐形眼镜) that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.
Glaucoma is an eye disease that involves damage to the optic nerve, and can lead to blindness if not treated. According to the charity Glaucoma UK, the most common form of the disease, known as primary open angle glaucoma, is thought to affect almost 10% of people older than 75. This form is generally caused by increased pressure within the eye, usually as a result of a buildup of fluid.
Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug if the pressure transcends a certain level.
Writing in the journal Nature Communications, the team describe how they created the device using an upper and lower lens, with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them around the rim of the lenses. When the pressure inside the eye increases, the gap between the upper and lower lenses decreases. This is detected by the pressure sensor by means of a cantilever. The sensor then sends a signal to the wireless system which subsequently triggers the release of an anti-glaucoma drug, from a hydrogel attached to an electrode, and enables it to cross the cornea of the eye. The drug, brimonidine, acts to reduce the pressure within the eye.
The study reveals that the contact lenses have so far been tested on pigs’ eyes and on the eyes of living rabbits—albeit with smaller-sized lenses—although trials have yet to be carried out in humans. The researchers note the lenses are not only soft and minimally invasive but are also battery-free, adding that the approach could be expanded to help tackle other eye diseases.
Prof Zubair Ahmed from the Institute of Inflammation and Ageing at the University of Birmingham, who was not involved in the work, said the research was potentially very exciting, adding that a rise in pressure within the eye was a significant problem for most people with glaucoma. “The materials required to create such contact lenses are inexpensive and soon could be mass-produced.” he added.
4. Who can probably get help from the contact lens
A. Those who are blind. B. Those who have glaucoma.
C. Those who are older than 75. D. Those who are under heavy pressure.
5. Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 3
A. Exceeds. B. Maintains. C. Lowers. D. Balances.
6. How did the team create the device
A. By crossing the cornea of the eye and then sending a signal.
B. By enlarging the gap between the upper and lower lenses.
C. By using brimonidine to increase the pressure within the eye.
D. By employing pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device.
7. What can we learn about the contact lenses
A. They are safe but too costly. B. They have been tested on humans.
C. They will be put on the market soon. D. They need to be used with battery power.
C
On a trip to the forests of southern India, amateur photographer Kaushik Vijayan was shocked to see some massive rodents（啮齿动物），who are maroon（紫褐色），leaping from treetop to treetop.
Vijayan uploaded the images of the four-pound rodents to Instagram, and the Internet went crazy immediately. Some had a difficult time believing that the squirrels, photographed in the Pathanamthitta District of Kerala, actually exist, thanks to the animals' bright spots of black and maroon.
But the Indian giant（巨大的）squirrel, also known as the Malabar giant squirrel, is the real deal. Believe it or not, it is not alone. There are three other giants in the squirrel family, Sciuridae-each of which weighs in at two to three times the size of the gray squirrels native to the eastern United States.
＂The four species that make up this group are fascinating in their large size, brilliant coloration, and tendency for feeding on some of the massive tropical fruits on the trees, "says Koprowski.
Even among its relatives, the Indian giant squirrel stands out with its bright colors, which makes one wonder why its evolution would select fur. That would call so much attention to itself. After all, these forests are also home to predators such as lion-tailed macaques, leopards, and crested serpent eagles-all of which have been known to hunt rodents.
No one knows for sure, says Koprowski, but the squirrel's purple patterns may serve as a way to hide the animal itself. This is because the broadleaf forests these squirrels inhabit create a pattern of sun spots and shaded areas-not unlike the rodents' markings.
In other words, what looks flashy and fun to us in an Instagram post may make the squirrels disappear when hungry mouths come to hunt. Now that's a common trick.
8. How did people feel after seeing the Malabar giant squirrel's images
A. Nervous. B. Incredible. C. Embarrassed. D. Sorrowful.
9. What makes the Malabar giant squirrel different from the rest
A. Its size. B. Its habitat. C. Its color. D. Its lifestyle.
10. Why does the Malabar giant squirrel have unusual fur
A. To show itself off.
B. To protect itself.
C. To drive other animals away.
D. To compete with its companions.
11 Which of the following may be a potential threat to the Malabar giant squirrel
A. Human beings.
B. Rodents' hunting.
C. The Instagram post.
D. The broadleaf forests.
D
You may have noticed sudden, brief twitching (抽动) at some point while your dog was sleeping and wondered if they were dreaming or even expressing some type of discomfort. These involuntary movements only occur during dream states and usually don’t last long. So is twitching just a normal part of dreaming, or are there times when you should worry
Dogs sleep an average of 12-14 hours each day. While they sleep, a dog’s brain processes information and experiences from the day through dreams. Twitching is often related to active dream cycles in the brain.
According to research by psychologist Stanley Coren, an average-size dog will dream about every 20 minutes, and these dreams will last about a minute. Larger breeds (品种) have fewer dreams that last longer- about every 45 minutes for 4 minutes. The opposite is true for smaller breed dogs; they will dream about every 10 minutes for up to 30 seconds.
Dogs experience the same dream stages as humans, including non-rapid eye movement (NREM), short-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM). During the REM state, a dog’s eyes move around behind their closed eyelids, and the large body muscles are turned off so the dream is not physically acted out. The amount of twitching depends on how much these off switches cramp muscle movement.
If your dog sleeps next to you, they may unintentionally disturb your sleep with their sudden body movements. However, it is often advised not to awaken a dog that is twitching in their sleep unless they are clearly in distress.
A bad dream or night terror could be the cause of these involuntary movements, and they may wake up frightened. Try to avoid touching them so they don’t bite you as a result of being shocked and panicked. Instead, gently call your dog’s name until they respond. Speak calmly and tell them that they are safe and secure after they wake up. While they appear to be pretty active in their sleep, dreaming dogs may be slow to awaken.
12. Which of the following influences how often dogs dream
A. Their sleeping time. B. Their body size.
C. Their daily experiences. D. Their health conditions.
13. What does the underlined word “cramp” mean in paragraph 4
A. Stimulate. B. Transform. C. Limit. D. Monitor.
14. Why is it advised not to wake up a dog twitching in sleep
A. To avoid being bitten by the dog. B. To ensure the dog adequate sleep.
C. To prevent the dog getting shocked. D. To escape disturbance from the dog.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. How does dogs’ brain work
B. Why do dogs dream at night
C. Why do dogs twitch in their sleep
D. How does dogs’ twitch affect their sleep
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It's the start of a new year, when your fitness goals are set and you engage in the challenge. ___16___ Their standards of “too big” are not even achievable in their lifetime, let alone a few months of training, which brings my tips.
Set realistic goals! The process of building muscle is an absolutely slow one that requires strong will to gain. Consistently causing protein synthesis （合成）in specific muscle fibers will allow muscle to develop. However, all individuals are not equal in the process.___17___ Gaining muscle will happen quickly to a new gym-goer, but take a long time for someone that has been training for years.
Stick to specific training for the goals you set to achieve. ___18___This will require you to restrict the diet, and it will prevent you gaining muscle. Diet reflects the training load. The training reflects your goals. It's like swimming upstream, think strong, fast and flexible. If you are running a marathon, the goals are different and train accordingly!
___19___ Fat has taken some time to develop, so it will not be lost overnight. Allow the hormonal triggers （生理诱因）in the body to work more efficiently to regulate volume of food. Taking out additional sugars is one of the most important steps to regulate volumes of food to switch off desire for food.
Once a goal is reached, do not go back to what you did before. When people finish their transformation, the hormone profile is very weak to fat deposition （沉积）。Every training session should be a step toward a lasting transformation, with a diet improving the level of exercise. ___20___
A. Don't try to achieve too much at once.
B. Why do so few people see their goals through
C. Give yourself a realistic timeline when it comes to fat loss.
D. Keeping running slowly leads to very big changes over time.
E. Appreciate that you are taking time for your own development.
F. Place restrictions on your diet and follow good food eating patterns.
G. Also, it depends on how long you have been training to achieve muscle growth.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分）
Once I started working after graduating from Wilfrid Laurier University I decided to stay in the workforce and go to school part-time. I began my journey as an adult ___21___ in the Business Administration program at Wilfrid Laurier University. When I ___22___ from Laurier, a colleague introduced me to the Certified Employee Benefit Specialist （CEBS） program, which offered a professional credential（凭证）related to my field of ___23___
These days, I keep my industry knowledge ___24___ through reading industry publications, ___25___ relative conferences and taking an annual Continuing Education course. From a___26___interest perspective, I've taken music lessons and ___27___ in first aid, gardening and website development.
Some might call me a learning ___28___. I honestly can't imagine a time when I want to stop learning. Sometimes people ask me why I ___29___ to take courses when I am getting close to “retirement’’. When I look to the ____30____, 30 years of sitting on the couch watching Netflix isn't the kind of life I want to live. I need a reason to get out of bed in the morning, and something to keep me ____31____ active.
I am looking at the Plain Language program as an opportunity to learn a new skill that will not only make me ____32____ at my current job, but also will ____33____ some extra income once I leave my full-time career behind.
The days of being able to ____34____ education after university are long gone. So, continuous learning will be necessary to keep up with the pace of ____35____
21. A. designer B. teacher C. reporter D. learner
22. A. heard B. inferred C. graduated D. suffered
23. A. work B. training C. research D. education
24. A. current B. known C. useful D. remarkable
25. A. organizing B. attending C. recording D. confirming
26. A. secret B. personal C. unique D. common
27. A. choices B. measures C. courses D. responsibilities
28. A. celebrity B. master C. consultant D. addict
29. A. need B. agree C. continue D. refuse
30. A. truth B. demand C. effect D. future
31. A. financially B. physically C. mentally D. socially.
32. A. better B. stronger C. braver D. firmer
33. A. reduce B. generate C. reserve D. negotiate
34. A. care about B. leave behind C. insist on D. show off
35. A. comment B. purchase C. production D. change
第二节(共10小题；每小题2分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Guardian gave us the bad news that red and processed meat can shorten life. But The Daily Telegraph provided the good news that exchanging one portion （部分）of red meat a day ___36___fish or nuts could cut the risk of early death by almost a fifth.
Both headlines ___37___（put） forward by a major new study into diet and health ___38___（outcome）. Researchers looked at changes in diet for more than 50, 000 women and 27, 000 men in the US, over 16 years.
They found that those ___39___ had changed their diet to include more red meat ___40___（be） around 10% more likely to die during the study. While reducing red meat alone did not result in lower risk of death, eating other food such as fish or nuts did ___41___（slight） reduce the risk of death.
We still need to be ___42___（care） about the findings. This study cannot tell us for sure that red meat or changes in red meat ___43___（consume） are the direct cause of changes in length of life. But ___44___ results support existing healthy eating advice____45____（limit） red and processed meat, and to eat plenty of vegetables, fruit and other protein sources such as nuts and legumes （豆类）.
第三部分 写作（满分 15 分）
46. 假定你是校英语剧社社长李华，原定于下周举行的英语剧表演比赛因故推迟，请给担任评委的外教Katherine写封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示歉意；
2.推迟原因；
3.后续调整。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
3.请在答题卡的相应位置作答
Dear Katherine,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
