2023-2024学年 人教版(2019)必修三 Unit4 Space Exploration 单元测试卷
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
一、阅读理解
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the. shape of an ellipse(椭圆).
Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction(预言) of what the comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it for he has died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's cornet, in his honour.
1、Halley made his discovery _________.
A.by doing experiments B.by means of his own careful observation
C.by using the work of other scientists D.by chance
2、Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year ________.
A.1704 B.1705 C.1706 D.1707
3、This passage in general is about __________.
A.Halley and other scientists B.the orbit of a comet
C.Newton and Halley D.Halley and his discovery
4、Which of the following is TRUE
A.Newton was a famous mathematician.
B.Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.
C.Edmund Halley was an American scientist.
D.The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.
二、七选五
5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Without plants, people could not live. We eat plants. ①________ And we need plants for another reason—we need them because they are beautiful.
②________ Imagine no flowers with their sweet smells, their beautiful colours and their lovely shapes. Imagine when the wind blows, we are not able to hear the leaves of the trees or watch the branches swing from side to side.
③________ That is why we have parks full of trees and flowers. That is why people always like houses with room for some grass and a garden.
Do you talk to your plants ④________ Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, writers of a book called The Secrert Life of Plants, tell of an experiment in which two seeds were planted in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and hopeful ideas. The other plant was given only hopeless ideas. ⑤________ Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves.
A. Plants get energy from the sun.
B. Do you give them love and take care of them
C. After six months, the deserted plant faded away.
D. After six months, the beloved plant was bigger.
E. We take in oxygen that plants make.
F. Everywhere people need beautiful plants.
G. Imagine a world without plants.
三、完形填空(20空)
6、 Last year, Chris Hadfield. author of An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth, became an appealing Internet 1 when a video of him singing David Bowie’s “Space Oddity” from the International Space Station 2 vital. After spending five months orbiting the planet, Hadfield returned to Earth on May 13, 2013, 3 in the grassland of Kazakhstan.This is his 4 of that epic touchdown.
You fall straight into the atmosphere in a crash seat specially 5 for your body. You’re in a pressure suit, a four-point harness across your shoulders and waist, all laced through a big buckle in the middle. 6 , there are straps across your knees to 7 your legs in place so that they don't 8 at crash. You are absolutely belted in. You’ve been 9 to stop talking before crash so you don’t bite off your 10 . That’s how violent it is. A huge parachute opens 11 you, but the spacecraft weighs tons. The parachute 12 you down a lot. Just before you land, pull-backward rockets fire, which slows you down some more. But you 13 hit the ground like a mass of bricks, except that now you're 14 over sideways, plowing your way through the earth. You come to a 15 , and where there was space outside your window,there’s now dirt. You can 16 it. It's something you haven’t smelled in half a year.
I felt like I were a newborn baby, inside a womb, 17 , just wonderfully protected and nourished. Suddenly, this violent painful process 18 you out and into a world, cold, noisy and windy, and you feel 19 . So it’s no wonder that newborn babies cry. Because it’s a rude 20 to the world.
1.A.topic B.source C.image D.figure
2.A.went B.changed C.lasted D.sounded
3.A.settling B.sinking C.landing D.locating
4.A.report B.account C.expression D.scene
5.A.arranged B.fixed C.made D.provided
6.A.Besides B.Indeed C.Therefore D.However
7.A.place B.hold C.limit D.leave
8.A.split B.move C.shake D.separate
9.A.threatened B.trained C.warned D.forbidden
10.A.finger B.tongue C.tooth D.words
11.A.before B.behind C.above D.to
12.A.slows B.put C.take D.keep
13.A.still B.also C.always D.already
14.A.turning B.rolling C.climbing D.reaching
15.A.spot B.point C.pause D.stop
16.A.touch B.smell C.ignore D.watch
17.A.lifeless B.helpless C.limitless D.weightless
18.A.sprays B.spreads C.spills D.sends
19.A.comfortable B.honourable C.horrible D.accessible
20.A.meeting B.greeting C.accepting D.welcoming
四、语法填空
7、It is no use making________ (argue) with him about the question for he won’t change his mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8、Faced with this phenomenon, we must take some measures to deal with it; otherwise, it will result___________ great losses in the future. (用适当的词填空)
9、She was ________(disappoint) that he never replied to her letter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10、The hijackers kept the pilot___________ board the plane as a hostage (人质). (用适当的词填空)
11、We all felt ________(disappoint) that we failed to have a good harvest after so long a time of efforts. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12、Therefore, the Monkey King as a symbol of being brave and ________(determine)is deeply loved by our Chinese. (所给词的适当形式填空)
五、书面表达
13、某英文杂志正在举办以“Fancy yourself as an interviewer”为主题的征文活动,请你以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview” 为题,写一篇英语短文。
内容包括:
1.采访的对象(杨利伟);
2. 采访的原因;
3. 想提的温问题。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息;
4.短文的标题已给出,不计入总词数。
A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1、答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据文中第三段的信息“He made a surprising discovery”可知哈雷的这个发现纯属偶然,故选D项。
2、答案:B
解析:数字计算题。末段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years lo gobefore Halley’s prediction could be tested.”告诉我们,他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要过53年才能验证,由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年,故B项正确。
3、答案:D
解析:主旨大意题。综观全文不难看出,文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现,故选D项。
4、答案:A
解析:综合判断题。从文章首句可以看出C项错误;从第二题的分析中可知B项也错误;牛顿告诉哈雷替星的轨道是椭圆形的,可排除D。正确答案为A项。
5、答案:EGFBD
解析:语篇解读:这是一篇科技说明文。短文解释了人类需要植物的原因:填饱肚子、提供氧气和美化环境。
①解析:主题段解释人类需要植物的原因,上文的eat plants和下文的they are beautiful都是原因,中间的也应该是需要植物的原因,故本题选E项“吸收植物制造的氧气”。
②解析:根据下文的排比"Imagine no flowers... Imagine when the wind..."可知本题选G项。
③解析:下文的信息“公园里有树和花”和“房子有草,有花园”表明,人类需要植物,故本题选F项。
④解析:根据下文所列举的例子可知,本段讨论的是“植物也需要关爱”,故本题正确答案为B项。
⑤解析:上面的例子是实验,在植物生长的过程中给予关爱,接下来应该是实验的结果,比较剩余的选项可知D项才是实验结果。
6、答案:1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B; 5.C; 6.A; 7.B; 8.D; 9.C; 10.B; 11.C; 12.A; 13.A; 14.B; 15.D; 16.B; 17.D; 18.A; 19.C; 20.D
解析:1.名词辨析。topic话题;source资源;image形象; figure人物,数字,体型。Chris Hadfield写的一本书《宇航员地球生活指南》使他在网络上倍受关注,故他成为网络人物,选D项。
2.动词辨析。go去,变得;change改变;last持续; sound听起来。待选项后面是形容词vital"充满活力的”,故只能选连系动词,排除B和C项。D项“听起来”不符合逻辑,网络上的东西是看的,故排除。止确答案为A项,“变得充满活力”。
3.动词辨析。settle解决,安顿,定居;sink下沉,沉没;land着陆;locate定位。根据常识可知,宇航员回归地球当然应该是着陆,故C项正确。
4.名词辨析。report报告,报道;account账户,描述; expression表情,表达;scene场景,场合,风景。下文是宇航员对着陆时情景的描述,故选B项。
5.动词辨析。arrange安排;fix安装,修理,固定; make制造,做,使得;provide提供。宇航员的座椅肯定是特制的,故C项正确。
6.副词辨析。besides此外,而且;indeed的确;therefore 因此;however然而。宇航员座椅上的保护装置除了上文的harness,还有下文的straps,故A项正确。
7.动词辨析。place放;hold握着,保持;limit限制; leave离开,留下,剩下。绑在膝盖上面的皮带当然是为了保持腿的位置固定,故选B项,hold sth in place表示此意。
8.动词辨析。split分裂,裂开;move移动,感动;shake震动,摇晃,握手;separate分离。固定双腿的目的当然是使两条腿在飞行器撞击地面的时候不会分离,故选D项。
9.动词辨析。threaten威胁;train训练;warn提醒,警告;forbid禁止。飞行器里会及时提醒宇航员停止讲话,选C项。
10.名词辨析,finger手指;tongue舌头;tooth牙齿;word单词,话。不能讲话是防止撞击地而时咬着舌头。B项合理。
11.介词辨析。before在......的前商;behind在......的后面;above在......的上面;to向。根据常识可知,降落的时候降落伞在人的上面,故选C项。
12.动词辨析。slow(down)减速;put(down)放下; take(down)取下;keep(down)压制。打开降落伞的目的当然是减慢下落的速度,故A项正确。
13.副词辨析。still仍然,还;also也;always总是; already已经。然后回拉火箭点火,让你下降的速度更慢,即使如此你还会重重地撺击地面,故本题A项正确。
14.动词辨析。turn转向,转动; roll滚动;climb爬; reach到达,延伸,伸手。根据常识可知,返回舱是圆形的, 故撞击地面之后会滚动,选B项。
15.名词辨析。spol点,场所;point点,要点,观点; pause暂停;stop停下,停止。最后你就停了下来,选D项。
16.动词辨析。touch触动,触摸;smell闻;ignore忽视,不理踩;watch观看。本句中的it指的是上文的dirt“泥土”,表示宇航员终于又可以闻到大地的芬芳了,选B项。
17.形容词辨析。lifeless无生命的,死气沉沉的; helpless无助的,无依无靠的;limitless没有限制的;weightless 没有重量的。本段落把宇航员回归地球的情况比作新生儿出生,在太空状态中,就像没有出生的婴儿在母亲的子宫里,只可能是失重的。D项合理,其他选项都明显不合理。
18.动词辨析。spray喷洒;spread传播,蔓延;spill 溢出,洒。生产过程中的阵痛把婴儿喷出来,A项合理。
19.形容词辨析。comfortable舒适的;honourable可敬的,光荣的;horrible可怕的;accessible可以进入的,可以使用的。新生儿来到的是一个陌生的世界,故感到害怕,所以才有下文的解释“难怪新生儿哭喊”。选C项。
20.名词辨析。meeting接见,会议,见面;greeting问候;accepting接受;welcoming欢迎。新生儿在阵痛中被喷洒出来,宇航员回归地球是撞击到地面上的,用这种方式欢迎他们来到这个世界,未免有点儿粗暴。故D项正确。
7、答案:argument
解析:考查名词。句意:和他争论这个问题是没有用的,因为他不会改变主意。作宾语应用名词argument,短语 make argument with表示“争论”。故填argument。
8、答案:in
解析:考查介词,句意:面对这一现象,我们必须采取一些措施来应对;否则,未来将造成巨大损失,result in(造成)符合句意,故填in.
9、答案:disappointed
解析:考查形容词。句意:她对他从未回她的信感到失望。修饰人应用-ed结尾形容词disappointed,作表语。故填disappointed。
10、答案:on
解析:考查固定短语。句意:劫机者将飞行员扣留在飞机上作为人质。on board“在火车(或轮船、飞机)上”,on board the plane“在飞机上”。故填on。
11、答案:disappointed
解析:考查形容词。句意:经过这么长时间的努力,没有一个好收成,我们都感到失望。作表语,修饰人应用-cd结尾形容词disappointed。故填disappointed。
12、答案:determined
解析:考查形容词。句意:因此,孙悟空作为勇敢和坚定的象征深受我们中国人的喜爱。结合句意及空前的being brave and可知应填形容词形式determined,与brave并列,作表语。故填determined。
13、答案:
A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview
The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.
I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. I have long been interested in space exploration and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.
If I could interview him,I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read. Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life,which must be very interesting.
解析: