河南省部分地区2023-2024学年上学期高三10月英语试卷汇编
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河南省平顶山许昌济源洛阳四市2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5 分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文、从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
“Wakanda” weekend has more in store
Whether you love Marvel movies or Dickens novels, cinemas are fixing you up. Here’s a guide to new movies that will satisfy every cinematic taste;
If you dig teen-directed horror movies: “The Friendship Game”
“Cobra Kai” star Peyton List features this horror movie about a teen girl who finds a strange circular object at a yard sale that turns out to be a “friendship” game (she plays with her friends.)The problem is, once you kick off the game, you have to in fact stay friends to survive, during which loyalty is tested.
Where to watch: In theaters and Vudu, Amazon.
If your kids need a feel-good adventure: “My Father’s Dragon”
After his mom’s country store closes, Elmer is forced to move to the city, meets a talking cat and ends up on a boat to Wild Island. There he meets Boris, a young dragon, and that heartfelt friendship forms a nice band.
Where to watch: On AMC + , Amazon and in theaters.
If you’re into mystery comedy: “Amsterdam”
David O. Russell’s period mystery comedy “Amsterdam” with Christian Bale, John David Washington as World War I friends, is available on Friday.
Where to watch: Netflix and in theaters.
If you’re still missing Chadwick Boseman: “Black Panther: Wakanda Forever”
Be prepared for cheers and tears. After the death of the beloved actor, director Ryan Coogler and his cast pull off a superb sequel (续集) that shows respect to Boseman while moving the Wakandan characters forward in an emotional and exciting fashion.
Where to watch: In theaters.
1. Which movie suits children fond of wilderness exploration
A. The Friendship Game. B. My Father’s Dragon.
C. Amsterdam. D. Black Panther: Wakanda Forever.
2. What can people see in The Friendship Game
A. The respect for an actor. B. A story of a dragon.
C. The strength of friendship. D. Friends in World War I.
3. What do the four movies have in common
A. They are Marvel movies. B. They are about heroic deeds.
C. They are in honor of Boseman. D. They are available in theaters.
B
Ann Halloran had done plenty of travelling, but last September, at 65. Halloran was setting off alone on her first backpacking adventure.
In Nepal, climbing the 5,400m Gokyo Ri in the Himalayas. Halloran broke her walking stick. She has esteoporosis(骨质疏松症), which makes bones more likely to break, s the stick was an essential piece of a long walk in the mountains. Losing it was a blow, but she found reserves of inner strength: “I challenged myself,” she says,
The difficulty was surmounted. A new stick was found. “It gave me confidence that at my age I could go up to that height.” Now, she says, “Whenever I get scared, I think of myself on top of that mountain, looking out over Lake Gokyo ——and beyond that, Everest. I say, if you can do that, you can do anything.”
Now 66, Halloran has loved mountains since she was five or six. “I loved the freedom of going up the mountain alone, when I was nine or ten.” At 23, she married; but then her four year-old son died in a car accident. Halloran was 42, her children three, five and seven. After the loss of her son, she became a workaholic. “The week he died, I went back to work. I started at 5 am, and worked until eight in the evening. I’d put the kids to bed, then go into the office at10 pm and work till 2 am. It was my stability.”
Looking back, she could see that her work freed her from the pain. However, as she has travelled and met new people, most of them under 40, and made plans to reconnect on subsequent trips, something has changed. “I’ve just realised that I have to let go of all that. From now on, I’ve got left in the few years, and I want to shift. Shift a bit,” she says, “I feel as if I’ve washed up on the shore and it’s a new adventure.”
4. What enabled Halloran to finish her first backpacking adventure
A. Her stable mindset. B. Her wild imagination.
C. Her travel experience. D. Her strong courageousness.
5. What does the underlined word “surmounted” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Resolved. B. Avoided. C. Ignored. D. Tolerated.
6. Why did Halloran become a workaholic
A. To raise her family. B. To take shelter.
C. To enjoy her work. D. To seek pleasure.
7. What does the last paragraph mainly want to convey
A. The reason for Halloran’s trip.
B. The meaning of work to Halloran,
C. Halloran’s purpose of taking adventure.
D. Halloran’s determination to start a new life.
C
The next big development in cancer treatment could be a vaccine(疫苗). Aher years of limited success of vaccines to t rea t camera, scientists say research has made many advancement.
Many doctors predict more vaccines will be out in five years. They are not traditional vaccines that prevent diseases. Instead, they are shot s to shrink tumors(肿瘤 ) and stop the cancer from coming back. Targets for these experimental treatments include breast, 1mg。melanoma(黑素瘤), etc. ^
More than ever, scientists understand how cancer hides from the body’s immune system(免疫系统). Cancer vaccines, like other immune system treatments, strengthen the immune system to find and kill cancer cells. Some new cancer vaccines use mRNA, which was developed for cancer. For a vaccine to work, it needs to teach the immune system’s T cells to recognize cancer to be dangerous. Once trained, T cells can travel anywhere in the body to hunt down danger.
Drug producers Moderna is developing an mRNA vaccine tailored for patients with pared with other melanoma vaccines, Modema’s vaccines are designed for each patient, based on the many differences in their cancer tissue, which can train the immune system to hunt for the cancer cells and kill them.
The vaccines under development at the University of Washington are designed to work for many patients. Tests are ongoing in early and advanced breast and lung cancer. Some results may come as soon as next year. Jamie Crase was one of the first people to receive the lung cancer vaccine. Crase was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer at age 34. She thought she would die young. Now she is 50, with no sign of cancer. She does not know for sure if the vaccine helped. But she said, “I’m still here.”
8. What can future cancer vaccines do according to many doctors
A. Get rid of tumors. B. Increase immune cells.
C. Avoid cancer reappearance. D. Prevent cancers in advance.
9. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The danger cancer cells bring. B. The way cancer vaccines work.
C. The function of the immune system. D. The composition of cancer vaccines.
10. How special is Moderna’s vaccine
A. It uses mRNA. B. It is personalized.
C. It can hunt down danger. D. It focuses on cancer tissue.
11. What can be predicted according to the last paragraph
A. Cancer is no longer a threat.
B. The vaccines have gone through tests.
C. More patients will benefit from the vaccines.
D. Progress on cancer treatment has been slow.
D
For many years, humans have looked up at the collection of stars and planets shining in the night sky that make up the Galaxy (银河系). However, the Galaxy is now being observed for the first time in a new way. They have produced an image of the Galaxy not based on light. Instead, the image is based on neutrinos (中微子).
Scientists discovered the high-energy neutrinos in ice deep be low Antarctica’s surface over a period of 10 years at the Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory, a research station at the South Pole. They then tracked their source back to locations in the Galaxy. It is the first time these small pieces of matter have been observed arising from the Galaxy. This observation of the Galaxy is different from what can be seen with our own eyes, or even instruments that measure other electronic (电磁能的) sources. The image does not contain stars or planets or other things observable because of their light. Rather they are observable because of the neutrinos originating in the Galaxy.
“This observation is groundbreaking. It established the Galaxy as a neutrino source. Every future work will refer to this observation,” said Taboada, the spokesperson for the Ice Cube research.
Neutrinos are electrically neutral created in nuclear processes. They are not affected by even the strongest magnetic field and rarely interact with matter. As neutrinos travel through space, they pass clear through everything: matter like stars, planets, and even people, just as light goes without stopping through glass. Neutrinos are elementary units, meaning they are not made up of anything smaller.
Many parts of the universe are impossible to observe using light alone. The ability to use neutrinos in astronomy makes for a more complete examination. The direction from which neutrinos arrive points directly to their original source, so the researchers used machine learning to help determine which neutrinos originated in the Galaxy and which originated elsewhere. But how the neutrinos originated is up for debate. This is now the key question.
12. How were neutrinos found
A. By observing the Galaxy. B. By examining nuclear processes.
C. By studying ice at the South Pole. D. By measuring electromagnetic sources.
13. Which of the following best describes the observation
A. Pioneering. B. Changeable. C. Predictable. D. Confusing.
14. What can we learn about neutrinos
A. They can’t be further divided.
B. It’s clear how they originated now.
C. They will be disturbed by magnetic field.
D. The Galaxy is the final source of neutrinos,
15. What is the best title for the text
A. The Origin of Neutrinos B. The Image of the Galaxy
C. A Secret beneath the South Pole D. A New Way to Look at the Galaxy
河南省三门峡市2023-2024学年高三上学期10月阶段性考试（期中）英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题25分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Explorers Camp
·Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
·Monday-Friday, July -26,9am-4pm.
Week 1|July 8-12
Week 2|July 15-19
Week 3|July 22-26
·Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
·Fees: $365 per week.
·The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
Camp Content
Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn.
Camp Staff
Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.
1. On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full refund
A. July26 B. June22. C. July 1. D. June 12.
2. How are campers divided into different groups
A. By gender. B. By age.
C. By interest. D. By nationality.
3. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week
A. 30 B. 21. C. 15 D. 42.
B
When I was a kid, if someone told me that I would grow up to become a published author and founder of a youth literacy (读写能力)foundation, I would have laughed and kept walking. Even now when I see the title of my latest picture book, My Very Favorite Book in the Whole Wide World, I shake my head, not quite believing that book has my name on it. But the truth is, this story comes from my own personal experience.
It took me a very long time to find my personal reading voice. In Valdosta, Ga., where I grew up, my community promoted two pathways to a better life for little boys like me: being an athlete and being an entertainer. I was no different than the other kids, so I did what felt natural: Play football and overlook school. School presented challenges every day and so did football practice, but overcoming physical adversity (逆境) was on trend with my neighborhood’s culture. Reading books not so much.
Fortunately I went to college. That’s where my reading struggles really reared their ugly head. Trips to the grocery store were stressful because there was so much reading involved in the simple act of buying food. I would misread labels and grab the wrong items. Once, I picked up apple sauce thinking it was apple slices. I didn’t notice my mistake until I got home and realized that it was my inability to understand the differences in the wording on the labels that caused the mistake. I realized that I needed to make an important decision. If I wanted to be a better version of me, I had to become a stronger reader.
I joined a book club and read every free moment I had. My journey with reading also created a desire in me to inspire others who struggle with reading. So I started a nonprofit, Share the Magic Foundation, trying to transform the lives of children living in underserved communities through literacy.
4. What does the author think of his new book
A. It’s beyond his expectation. B. It’s helpful for youth literacy.
C. It s full of humor and wisdom. D. It’s an exact record of his early life.
5. What was the root reason for the author s failure to find his reading voice
A. The influence of his community. B. His dream to be an entertainer.
C The challenges he met in study. D. His preference for football.
6. What does the underlined phrase “reared their ugly head“ in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Changed. B. Concluded. C. Surfaced. D. Disappeared.
7. Which of the following best describes the author
A. Reflective and warm-hearted. B. Persuasive and absent-minded.
C. Creative and stubborn. D. Ambitious and cautious.
C
The term “labor shortage” was Googled more in May. Headline after headline has cited wage rises and bonuses that seem to make it a job hunter’s market.
The concept sounds simple—American companies must be struggling to find the employees they need. Yet some labor economists would argue the picture isn’t complete. Employers are unable to find the workers they want at the wages they’re willing to pay. Failing to appreciate this distinction could lead to policy errors down the road.
The laws of supply and demand should make spotting labor shortages relatively straightforward. When there aren’t enough workers, employers pay more to get them and wages go up.
Yet quickening wage growth isn’t the only mark of a shortage. The sign is seeing this trend alongside stalling (停滞) job growth. Just look at what’s been happening in the leisure and hotel industry, among the most bruised (受挫)by the COVID-19 shutdown. After jobs almost disappeared during the pandemic, we’re starting to see a rebound: In May, the industry created 292, 000 jobs, far outpacing other comers of the economy. Meanwhile, average weekly earnings have been rising faster. In other words, the market is working to resolve a shortage: When employers lift wages, they’re able to attract the employees they need. Yet, the industry wages are only just meeting pre-COVID levels; they are not too high.
To assess a shortage accurately, though, you need to look beyond industries to specific locations and occupations. The taxi queuing model was used to address the debate about a shortage of workers in engineering. Employers and job openings can be thought of as taxis, while workers are a line of waiting passengers. Depending on your location, there may be a long line of taxis (say, at the airport), or on the contrary a long line of passengers (at a hotel). Demand for chemistry engineers in Texas, for example, is different from chemistry engineers in Massachusetts.
The bottom line is that, in the market, shortages are not universal. Simultaneous shortages and surpluses can come to the force across the economy at any given point, which is why broad-brush policies can be counterproductive(事与愿违的).
8. What could lead to policy mistakes in the future
A. The views of some labor economists.
B. Workers who have difficulty in finding jobs.
C. Misunderstandings about labor shortage.
D. The salaries the employers are willing to pay.
9. What does May’s rebound jobs in the leisure and hotel industry tell us
A. The leisure and hotel industry is doing a very successful business.
B. Rapid wage growth connects with stalling employment growth.
C. The economy recovered quickly after the COVID-19.
D. Employees are eager to work after the COVID-19.
10. Why does the author mention “The taxi queuing model” in paragraph 5
A. To explain an opinion. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Let the market fix labor shortages.
B. Job market is expected to be stronger.
C. Use broad-brush policies to assess labor shortages.
D. Competitors are eager to keep talent.
D
Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate (模仿) his own songs, the musician Nick Cave delivered a strong response: It was “an absolutely horrible attempt”. He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that “it will forever be in its babyhood”. While a robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond “a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿)”, because robots-being composed of data-are unable to suffer, while songs arise out of suffering.
Fans of Cave and his band will agree that his music is inimitable, but that doesn’t mean they would necessarily be able to tell the difference. A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were only unitedly right in one of the four picture comparisons.
These are party games, but they point to an unfolding challenge that must be managed as a matter of urgency because, like it or not, Al art is upon us. The arrival of the human-impersonating ChatGPT might have increased general awareness, but artists across a wide range of disciplines are already exploring its potential, with the dancer Wayne McGregor and London’s Young Vic Theatre among those who have created AI-based works.
A strongly-worded report from Communications and Digital Committee (CDC) issued a wake-up call to the government, urging it to raise its game in educating future generations of tech-savvy professionals, and tackling key regulatory challenges. These included reviewing reforms to intellectual property law, strengthening the rights of performers and artists, and taking action to support the creative sector in adapting to the disturbances caused by swift and stormy technological change.
While developing Al is important, it should not be pursued at all costs, the CDC stressed. It deplored the failure of the Department for Digital, Culture, and Media to offer a defence against proposed changes to intellectual property law that would give copyright exemption (版权豁免) to any work, anywhere in the world, involving AI text and data mining.
The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the short and long term. State-of -the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it now.
12. Why does the author mention the four picture comparisons in Paragraph 2
A. To stress the similarities between AI art and human art.
B. To argue that human art will be replaced by AI art.
C. To prove AI is stretching the boundaries of art.
D. To imply AI art cannot be underestimated.
13. What does the underlined word “deplored” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Clearly analyzed. B. Bravely suffered.
C. Strongly criticized. D. Accurately perceived.
14. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Creative industries are responsible for causing the AI problem.
B. Tech professionals need more training to better understand AI art.
C. Some artists see AI as a tool even though it is a threat.
D. The quality of AI art dismisses concerns about intellectual property.
15. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. The Creative Thief: AI Makes Perfect Art
B. AI in Art: A Battle That Must Be Fought
C. A Great Opportunity: The Importance of AI on Art
D. The Rise of AI Art: An attempt to imitate songs
河南省鹤壁市2024届高三上学期第二次模拟考试英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
Online Pre–sessional English Courses at Imperial College London
Our full–time and intensive pre-sessional courses are now online for distance learning, which can help you learn the real academic language and skills that you need for successful study at Imperial. The pre-sessional courses are specifically designed for students studying science, technology, engineering, mathematics or medicine (STEMM) at Imperial.
Details for 2022 pre–sessional course
6–week pre–sessional course
The 6–week course is an online course for prospective Imperial students holding a conditional offer and who need to improve their English proficiency to meet the language standard for the degree course
Schedule: 22 August-25 September 2022, with a weekly schedule Monday-Friday.
Fees: 3.190
3-week pre–sessional course
If you have met the English language requirement for your degree course but want to further upgrade your academic language skills, find out more about the 3-week course.
Schedule: 9 Sept.-30 Sept. 2022, with a weekly schedule Monday-Friday.
Fees: 1.590
Specific features of the two courses
There will be daily contact at specified times including taught sessions, lectures, group activities and 1:1 guidance from teachers. Our pre –sessional timetable assumes full –time dedicated study, coursework and guided self-study that will need to be completed in your own time. Students attend live online interactive sessions for about 3 hours each day beginning at 10 am (London time). There will also be at least 4 hours of directed self-study each day. In total, there will be a minimum of 7 hours of academic study each day.
More information
If you are an international student, speak English as an additional language and have an offer for study in September 2022, you are welcome to apply for one of our online pre–sessional English courses at: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/academic-english/presessional/.
If you have specific questions after reading the webpages, contact Elaine Homer presessional @ imperial.ac.uk or Dr Julie Hartill j.hartill @ imperial.ac.uk.
1. How do the students choose from the two pre-sessional courses
A. By their English language level. B. By their financial condition.
C. By their teacher's recommendation. D. By the duration of their course.
2. How long should a student study alone at least during the 3-week pre–sessional course
A. 45 hours. B. 60 hours. C. 84 hours. D. 105 hours.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To advertise. B. To educate. C. To persuade. D. To entertain.
B
As a new mother in 2016, Tash Gorst was scrolling (翻阅) through her phone when she fell down the rabbit hole of reading about plastic pollution. Fast-forward to 2019 and she had opened Gather, an organic zero-waste shop.
Customers come to Gather to refill their own containers with everything from rice to beauty products. And it’s not only the produce that is sustainable — the shop is powered by renewable energy and financed by a more sustainable bank, while all the units inside have been made from waste materials, mostly by Gorst herself.
Zero-waste shops have become an increasingly common feature on the streets in recent years. Where they have gone, supermarkets now look set to follow, with Morrisons, Marks & Spencer and Waitrose all recently agreeing to add refill stations in shops by the end of this year. Meanwhile, Asda has introduced refill aisles (过道) to more of its supermarkets following successful trials.
As small startup businesses aiming to make responsible decisions without cutting ethical (道德上) corners, refill shops tend to be more expensive than supermarkets and chains. Gorst acknowledges that not everyone can afford to buy from them.
“But if you can, you should. You’ll feel good about the small decision that you’ve made in contributing to your local economy and doing something that’s better for the planet,” she says.
Emily, Drabble is a regular Gather customer. She buys everything that would “normally be encased in plastic”, from cleaning products to food like pasta, which she puts into glass containers. “When I get home, I love unpacking my shopping, throwing nothing in the bin,” Drabble says.
And customers at refill shops get more than just physical goods, notes Gorst. Besides employing four local people, Gather, for example, holds free events, including a monthly book club for reading about sustainability, workshops for kids and so on. “I also see it as a place to bring people together,” she says.
4. Why does the author mention Gorst’s random reading in paragraph 1
A. To share a parenting experience. B. To offer background information.
C. To attach importance to motivation. D. To show advantages of digital reading.
5. Which of the following is a significant feature of Gather
A. It is run in an ecologically friendly way. B. It sells sustainable goods at bargain prices.
C. It is only favored by customers with a green concept. D. It differs from supermarkets in low-carbon awareness.
6. What is Drabble’s attitude towards refill shops
A. Amused. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Enthusiastic.
7. What does the example in the last paragraph imply
A. People may regard refill shops as fitness clubs.
B. Refill shops ought to share some social responsibilities.
C. People can benefit more from refill shops than expected.
D. Refill shops need to hold various events to promote sales.
C
Saying farewell to someone you love, even for a night, can be difficult, much less saying goodbye for a lifetime or forever in death. Juliet bid Romeo adieu (再见) for the evening with the words, “Parting is such sweet sorrow.” Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships.
Relationships are based on feelings, emotions, and passion. Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time. People spend time with the people they like. The more one person likes another person, the closer the relationship becomes. Each person in the relationship receives an emotional benefit from knowing the other person.
Saying goodbye means separating from the people who make up a significant part of your emotional identity. Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company.
The sweet side of saying goodbye is the emotional fulfillment of being in a close relationship. The time spent together is emotionally rewarding, especially if that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings. We seek the love and comfort of other people. Loneliness devastates the human condition and leads to sadness. Sad people will do anything they can to find fulfilling relationships. Likewise, happy people will do anything they can to maintain or enhance relationships. Herein lies the essential point of the emotional problem.
The more intense relationships become, the more devastating the emotional loss that is felt upon separation. The exhilaration of relationships cannot be truly measured without experiencing the overwhelming loss of a deep emotional connection.
Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship. If it doesn’t hurt to say goodbye, perhaps it wasn’t worth saying hello.
8. Which of the word group can create the same effect as “sweet sorrow”
A. icy cold B. clicking sound C. deafening silence D. endless speech
9. What can we learn from paragraph 3
A. Saying goodbye is unavoidable in our daily life.
B. The companion of close friends can lessen sorrow.
C. A person’s identity is connected with relationship.
D. Separation is the sorrowful part of saying goodbye.
10. What gives a person emotional satisfaction in social life
A. Making more communication with others.
B. Building deep emotional connections with others.
C. Comforting friends with love and intense feelings.
D. Being a thoughtful person by standing in others’ shoes.
11. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Sweet sorrow is very common in close relationships.
B. The pain of separation is the measure of relationships.
C. Human beings are eager to get emotional fulfillment.
D. Happiness is meaningless without sadness to compare it.
D
Reshaping the world for a fossil fuel-free future means working quickly. Climate scientists say carbon emissions must stop by 2025 to minimize environmental damage. And by designing computational materials together with makers who can build and test them quickly, scientists can rapidly develop technologies like more powerful solar cells and car batteries.
Michael is the name of a supercomputer devoted to just one task―discovering the ultimate battery system. Researchers at University College London will use Michael to digitally build and test prototypes (原型) in every new material and type of cell possible to improve battery life, performance and price.
Finding a resilient (弹性的) design for solid-state batteries would be a huge breakthrough for electric vehicles and energy storage. Lighter, longer-lasting and cheaper solid-state technology could vastly improve vehicle range and charging time. And the energy from solar and wind power could be more efficiently stored until ready for use.
Scientists working in the US and the UK led the way in the 1970s in developing the lithium-ion (锂离子) battery used in today’s electric cars, laptops and cameras, But commercial units were only developed once the Japanese electronics giant pushed the technology forward for mass production. Partnerships between companies and universities could ultimately crack solid-state battery design. Oxford University and some companies are looking to win the international race to create a durable product. But they are only one among many.
Replacing liquid used in lithium-ion batteries with a solid conductor may take large digital processing. Electric vehicle makers are working with a computer giant to find successful designs that may include cheap and plentiful materials found in seawater. An electric vehicle maker is partnering with NASA to open a solid-state battery plant that uses no rare or expensive metals. The plan is to create a large database of materials that can be mixed and matched for the best combinations.
But computational materials may be needed in virtually every industry. And by rapidly classifying millions of substances on their ability to conduct electricity, their toughness, or the way they reflect light, AI and supercomputers can speed up the process of creating materials for just about anything.
12. What message does paragraph 1 convey
A. It’s too fast to design computational materials.
B. It’s too late to reshape the fossil fuel-free world.
C. Developing green energy can reduce carbon emissions.
D. Developing technology can speed up carbon emissions.
13. What are solid-state batteries expected to be like
A. Heavy and solid. B. Light but breakable.
C. Less-costly and workable. D. Expensive but efficient.
14. Why does the author mention Oxford University in paragraph 4
A. To show the weakness of mass production.
B. To show the good trend of the cooperation.
C. To show the difficulty of the battery design.
D. To show the development of British technology.
15. What can be the best title for the text
A. Michael Is Devoted to Storing Solar Energy
B. Companies and NASA Will Push Technology Forward
C. Electric Vehicle Makers Are Struggling to Solve Air Pollution
D. Supercomputers and AI Can Create Future Low-carbon Industries
河南省信阳市2024届高三上学期一模英语试题
第一节 (共15 小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A huge number of exchange programs and summer school programs are offered to international students around foreign universities worldwide. Today we explain the top student exchange programs -and -summer programs offered to foreign students.
Vienna Summer School
Vienna Summer School provides an incredible opportunity for 30 bachelor-level students to research side by side with world top researchers in the field of bioengineering. This paid summer program aims to attract international students and create an excellent research environment. This is a perfect opportunity for those students who are interested in the field of life science. The duration of Vienna Summer School is from Saturday, July 1 to August 28,2023.
SUSI Student Leaders Program
Bachelor-level students in Pakistan who are interested in the topic of public, local, state and federal policy making are invited to study in the USA through the short-tern SUSI student program 2023 held at the University of Massachusetts. This is an exchange program for Pakistani students. All expenses and accommodation costs will be covered by SUSI, so the application period is very short.
Hansen Leadership Exchange Program
The Hansen Summer Institute for Leadership is now open for the summer exchange program 2023. The Hansen summer program offers the opportunity to the USA and international students to build better leadership skills and a cultural understanding environment for the future. This 3-week summer exchange program is open for undergraduate, graduate,and doctoral students with any academic background.
IWP Summer Exchange Program
IWP Summer Exchange Program 2023 is a two-week writing and culture exchange program for Pakistani and Indian students in Iowa City, USA. The applicant from 18 to 22 from these countries with a background in art humanities is welcome to apply. This program will focus on creativity and is free for the selected applicants. The selected candidates will work together on the creation of paintings and sculptures.
1. Which program suits students who like biology
A. Vienna Summer School.
B. SUSI Student Leaders Program.
C. IWP Summer Exchange Program.
D. Hansen Leadership Exchange Program.
2. Why should students apply for SUSI Student Leaders Program early
A. It is fully funded.
B. It is a short-term program.
C. It is limited to postgraduates.
D. It is supported by the government.
3. What will students in IWP Summer Exchange Program do
A. Offer policy advice. B. Conduct research.
C. Write academic papers. D. Create artworks.
B
My phone rang after I boarded a plane. It was my former PhD adviser calling to tell me an article had just been posted that identified errors in a paper we’d published in Nature. My stomach dropped when I knew many critics were demanding a retraction (撤回). The plane soon took off. I spent the 16-hour flight processing a mix of emotions—disbelief, embarrassment, frustration—and wondering what this would mean for my career.
After the plane landed, I took out my laptop and logged on the airport WiFi so I could read the critique myself. It was harsh and thorough, pointing out several fundamental flaws in our methods and in the basic data, which we’d gathered from other studies.
The fallout was swift and intense. I received a flood of emails and messages. Some were from supportive colleagues, but many were harshly critical of our work. I felt deeply embarrassed by the criticism.
When it became clear that the retraction was unavoidable, I formally offered my resignation to my department head. He didn’t accept it, saying a resignation wasn’t needed considering the errors in the paper were honest mistakes.
The experience helped me grow as a scientist. I learned that it is better to be open and responsible, even if it means admitting mistakes. I can’t expect myself to know everything as a scientist and my work will be stronger if I seek out diverse expertise and opinions.
In the end, the reality is that the retractions are a necessary part of the science process—and one that shouldn’t be viewed only through a negative lens (透镜). Retractions can also be an opportunity to learn and improve. Honest mistakes happen, and researchers should be encouraged, not punished, for doing the right thing and retracting flawed work.
4. What news did the author get after boarding the plane
A. Some mistakes were found in his published paper.
B. His research paper would be published.
C. His adviser demanded that he should retract his paper.
D. His career might be influenced by his paper.
5. What does the underlined word “fallout” mean
A. Answer. B. Pain. C. Result. D. Shame.
6. Why was the author’s resignation refused
A. He corrected his mistakes in the paper.
B. He made the mistakes unintentionally.
C. He had a very good reputation of honesty.
D. He was believed to publish sound science.
7. What lesson did the author learn from his experience
A. Honest mistakes are necessary in science.
B. Scientists had better know everything.
C. Admitting mistakes is really embarrassing.
D. Mistakes can be a good chance to learn.
C
There was one minute left on Suzanne Horsley’s watch and the atmosphere remained thick with carbon dioxide, despite the efforts of her third graders to clear the air. Horsley, a wellness teacher, had directed the kids to throw balls representing carbon dioxide molecules to their classmates representing forests. “That was hard,” said Horsley after the round ended. “In this time period versus the 1700s, the way is more challenging, right ” “Yeah.” “In 2022, we got a lot of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,” said Horsley. “What’s the problem with it What is it causing ” “Global warming,” volunteered one girl.
Two years ago, New Jersey became the first state in the country to adopt learning standards requiring teachers to instruct kids about climate change across grade levels and subjects. “There’s no way we can expect our children to have the solutions to these challenges if we’re not giving them the tools and resources needed here and now,” said Tammy Marphy. Kids need to understand the basics of climate change—the vocabulary, the logic behind it—before they can handle the climate crisis.
On a recent weekday, Cari Gallagher was reading to her students from No Sand in the House, which tells the story of a grandfather whose home is destroyed by Hurricane Sandy. Later, the students sat down to write about what they’d heard, drawing connections between the book and their own lives, world events or other books they’d read. Then, they built structures—carports, walls and other barriers made of Legos, blocks and straws—that might protect against climate change calamities(灾难).
At Horsley’s class, students reflected on the lesson. Wes said adults could have done more to protect the environment. Abby said it was up to humans to drive less and recycle and protect other species from climate disasters. “When I first found out we were going to learn about climate change in the gym, I was like, that’s surprising, because normally we learn that in class,” Abby added. “But I’m glad we did it in the gym,” she continued. “It was really fun.”
8. What does Horsley’s class suggest
A. Less carbon dioxide is absorbed by forests.
B. The air at the playing ground is polluted.
C. The amount of CO is increasing sharply.
D. Playing games is challenging for some kids.
9. What’s Tammy’s attitude to learning standards
A. Doubtful. B. Tolerant. C. Critical. D. Supportive.
10. What does the author want to prove by mentioning Cari’s class
A. Education has a positive effect on our dealing with climate change.
B. Hurricanes usually have a destroying power.
C. Reading is a way to learn about natural disasters.
D. Any materials can be used to fight against climate change.
11. What can we infer from the reflections of students
A. Their disappointment at learning climate change in the gym.
B. Their expectation to adopt environmentally friendly practices.
C. Their puzzlement about the behaviors of adults.
D. Their sympathy for severely endangered species.
D
The sales temptation: Blue-light-blocking glasses are supposed to protect eyes from the effects of short wavelength light emitting from our smartphones, computer screens and LED lights. Given how much time we spend on our devices, this sounds like a smart investment, right After all, eye strain (疲劳) is a real issue and can lead to poor sleep and even eye diseases. The glasses can cost 15 dollars all the way up to several hundred dollars. But do they work
Elizabeth Esparaz, an ophthalmologist (眼科专家) in Cleveland, Ohio, says the science that manufacturers share as they promote these glasses can be confusing. For starters, blue light is not just about tech devices, and it’s not always bad. “The sun emits a much higher intensity of blue light than human-made devices, of course, and it’s actually beneficial,” says Dr. Esparaz. It helps our mood, alertness and sleep-wake cycle.
The problem is blue light at night: It controls the release of melatonin (褪黑素). “Melatonin helps regulate our circadian rhythms (生理节奏) and makes us sleepy,” says Dr. Esparaz. So in theory, wearing blue-light-blocking glasses should help people who watch movies in bed or read from a table t at night to avoid sleeplessness. A 2021 review study from the University of Oklahoma found that people affected by sleep disorders, jet lag and shift work fell asleep faster after using these glasses.
As for eye strain, a 2021 Australian study showed that those wearing the glasses did not experience less eye strain than those using clear glasses. And a 2018 review study also by Australian researchers, found insufficient evidence that they prevent certain eye diseases.
“These glasses aren’t going to be harmful,” says Dr. Esparaz. But, she adds, a lack of standardization in the industry means there’s no way to know if one pair is better than another. A more reliable solution: Turn on the blue-light-filtering function on your devices and limit screen time before bed. To help with eye strain, Dr. Esparaz suggests taking breaks and using lubricating eye drops.
12. What can we learn about blue light from the first two paragraphs
A It may facilitate sleep. B. It actually causes severe health issues.
C. It can be of benefit in some aspects. D. It merely comes from digital devices.
13. Who will benefit from the glasses according to the studies
A. People under great pressure B. People experiencing eye strain
C. People with eye diseases D. People suffering from sleep disorders
14. Australian studies found that wearing blue-light-blocking glasses .
A. doesn’t contribute to less eye strain B. benefits those affected by shift work
C. is not harmful to eyesight D. helps prevent eye disease
15. What might be the best title of this passage
A. Blue-light-blocking glasses: Your Best Choice
B. Blue-light-blocking glasses: Good or Bad
C. Blue-light-blocking glasses: A Good Business
D. Blue-light-blocking glasses: Smart and Cool
河南省驻马店市-2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题
第一节（共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Translink is the main provider of public transport in Northern Ireland. We are devoted to providing bus and rail services that are easy to use, reliable and comfortable.
Bus Services
Most of our buses are now accessible with the following features:
●Non-slip surfaces on floors;
●Colour contrasting materials inside and outside;
●Frequent and accessible bell push buttons aboard;
●Five other priority seats for the disabled passengers;
●The specially designed space for one wheelchair user;
●Highly visible route information on the front, side and back;
●Low-floor with a kneeling facility and a wheelchair ramp（坡道）.
Our schedule indicates which routes use accessible buses with a wheelchair user symbol and the message "operated by low-floor vehicles".
Rail Services
Most of our trains meet current accessibility standards. Features include:
●An accessible toilet;
●Button activated automatic doors;
●A ramp stored on board to assist with access;
●Colour contrasting materials inside and outside;
●Priority seats for some other disabled passengers;
●Audio（音频的）and visual announcements on board;
●The specially designed space on board for two wheelchair users.
Our cross border services between Belfast and Dublin do not have all these features but do have two special spaces for wheelchair users, an accessible toilet and audio and visual announcements.
General Assistance
●Our staff will carry a pen and notebooks to help with communication.
●Translink welcomes guide dogs and other assistance animals on all our services and to our stations.
●Our staff provide assistance to help you get to your bus or train or move between transport such as changing trains.
21. What do most of the buses and trains both feature
A. Accessible toilets. B. Seats for the disabled.
C. Space for two wheelchair users. D. A single colour material inside and outside.
22. Which services can the staff of Translink offer
A. Ride services. B. Wheelchair repair services.
C. Pen and notebook rental services. D. Guide animal treatment services.
23. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A book review. B. A scientific paper.
C. A passenger brochure. D. A competition announcement.
B
The city of San Francisco, California, is known as a city for people who like food. There are many award-winning restaurants. San Franciscans also like dogs. So, Rahmi Massarweh, a dog owner and chef decided to bring his two likes together. He opened the first and only restaurant for dogs.
The restaurant is called Dogue. The name is like the word “vogue", which means “fashion”. It opened in September in the city's popular Mission District. Individual dishes cost around $30. Or, for $75 each, dogs can dine on a multi-course “bone appetite" meal. The special meal includes chicken cakes and raw steak with a bird egg. The price also includes baked food and drinks for the dogs' owners.
Massarweh left his job of running a fine dining restaurant to open his Dogue. Some people are expressing their opinions about the costly menu, which is unfriendly to people with relatively low incomes. But Massarweh has received some support from his customers. They are thankful to have a place to treat their furry friend. Recently, Dogue held three dog birthday parties at the same time.
Gledy Espinoza is the owner of Mason, an 1l-year-old dog. Mason enjoyed some mushroom soup with pieces of chicken. “I want to celebrate his birthday. He is so special to me. He is my four-legged child and this is the perfect place to do a really nice celebration. We're foodies（美食家）. I guess he is too, now,” Espinoza said.
Massarweh uses costly food materials to prepare Mason's food. Everything he makes can be eaten safely by humans, but we probably will not like it. The dog dishes may taste very bland, or flavorless, to us. Dogue's goal is to spread the idea of feeding dogs fresh, healthy and natural food. Some research shows that natural food may be better for a dog's stomach than the dog food that you can buy in a store.
24. What do we know about Dogue
A. It offers free drinks to the dogs' owners.
B. It's aimed to win dog food cooking contests.
C. It combines Massarweh's love for food and dogs.
D. It's the most popular dog restaurant in California.
25. What does the author want to express in paragraph 3
A. Dogue is widely accepted by people. B. The price of the dog diets is controversial.
C. Dogue makes dogs and their owners closer. D. It's unwise of Massarweh to give up his job.
26. What is Espinoza's attitude to Dogue
A. Curious. B. Suspicious. C. Critical. D. Appreciative.
27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. A Restaurant for the Furry Friends B. A Restaurant for the Homeless Dogs
C. Dogue Offering Discounted Natural Dog Food D. Dogue Spreading the Idea of Adding Extra Favour
C
New Orleans in 1834 was one of the busiest international port cities in the world. However, the city wasn't just importing goods from across the world. It was also importing deadly diseases like yellow fever and smallpox. In an effort to treat these diseases and train more doctors, the Medical College of Louisiana was formed.
In 1847, the Medical College of Louisiana was a newly established public institution, later known as the University of Louisiana. But in 1884, Paul Tulane, a native wealthy businessman from Princeton, New Jersey, wanted to express his appreciation for the city that brought him a fortune. He donated more than $ 1 million in land and cash for the promotion and encouragement of intellectual, moral and industrial education. His generous gift transformed the University of Louisiana into Tulane University.
Now, Tulane University has become one of the most honored educational and research institutions in the country. To be exact, Tulane University is a member of the prestigious Association of American Universities, a select group of the leading research universities in the United States and Canada with outstanding programs of graduate and professional education and scholarly research. Tulane University is also ranked by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching as a university with very high research activities. Of several thousand higher educational institutions rated by the foundation, Tulane University remains in an extraordinary category that includes only two percent of universities nationwide.
In 2014, Michael Fitts was named the President of Tulane University. Fitts introduced a new era at Tulane University—focusing on creating the most meaningful student experience anywhere and greatly increasing and deepening the university's level of interdisciplinary teaching and research. His efforts were quickly establishing Tulane University as a place where the best minds from the widest variety of fields seek solutions to the world's most urgent problems through interdisciplinary cooperation and innovation.
28. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about the Medical College of Louisiana
A. Its motto. B. Its foundation. C. Its status. D. Its achievements.
29. What did Paul Tulane do in 1884
A. He ranked universities. B. He established an institute.
C. He gave charity to education. D. He changed the name for a university.
30. What does the underlined word “prestigious” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Respected. B. Historical. C. Informal. D. Public.
31. What would Fitts advocate in teaching according to the last paragraph
A. The traditional mode. B. The integration of subjects.
C. Strengthening disciplinary action. D. Solving easy problems across disciplines.
D
Astronomers long thought that an odd star system observed by the European Space Agency's Gaia satellite was a simple case of a star orbiting a black hole. But two astronomers are challenging that claim, finding that the evidence suggests something far stranger: a never- before-seen type of star made of invisible dark matter. The system consists of a sun-like star, and its mysterious dark companion, which is much more massive.
What could that dark companion be Maybe, as suggested, it's a clump（团）of dark matter. Dark matter is an invisible form of matter that makes up the vast majority of the mass of every single galaxy（星系）. We still don't have a solid understanding of its identity. Most theoretical models assume that dark matter is smoothly distributed in each galaxy, but there are models that allow it to come together on itself.
One of these models supposes that dark matter in this case is a new kind of boson（玻色子）. These bosons would have the ability to form clumps. Some of them could be the size of entire star systems, but some could be much smaller. The smallest ones could be as small as stars, and they get a new name: boson stars. Boson stars would be entirely invisible. Because dark matter doesn't interact with other substances or light, we could detect them only through the gravitational influence on their surroundings. The researchers pointed out that a simple model of boson dark matter could produce enough boson stars to make the two astronomers' finding reasonable.
While it's unlikely that this is actually the discovery of a boson star, follow-up observations are still urged. Most importantly, this unique system gives us a rare opportunity to study the behaviour of strong gravity, allowing us to examine Einstein's theory of general relativity to see if it holds. Secondly, if it is a boson star, this system is the perfect experimental set-up. We can keep studying our models of boson stars, see how well they can explain the orbital dynamics of this system and use that information to glimpse into the dark corners of the universe.
32. What does the evidence show about the odd star system
A. Its mass is less than the sun. B. It is a simple case for astronomers.
C. It is made of a star and a black hole. D. Its star is made of invisible dark matter.
33. What can we infer about dark matter from paragraph 2
A. It can be gathered. B. It is solid and inactive.
C. It can be a clump of visible matter. D. It makes up a minority of the galaxy's mass.
34. What are boson stars
A. The smallest dark matter. B. The smallest star systems.
C. The smallest boson models. D. The smallest boson clumps.
35. What does the author convey in the last paragraph
A. Einstein's theory holds true. B. Boson stars have been confirmed.
C. More relevant studies will be needed. D. A perfect model contains a boson star.
参考答案
河南省平顶山许昌济源洛阳四市2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几部影院上映的电影。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据If your kids need a feel-good adventure: “My Father’s Dragon”标题下的“After his mom’s country store closes, Elmer is forced to move to the city, meets a talking cat and ends up on a boat to Wild Island. There he meets Boris, a young dragon, and that heartfelt friendship forms a nice band.( 在他妈妈的乡村商店关门后，埃尔默被迫搬到城里，遇到了一只会说话的猫，最后乘船去了狂野岛。在那里，他遇到了年轻的龙鲍里斯，这种发自内心的友谊组成了一个很好的组合)”可知，My Father’s Dragon适合喜欢野外探险的孩子观看，故选择B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The problem is, once you kick off the game, you have to in fact stay friends to survive, during which loyalty is tested. (问题是，一旦你开始游戏，你就必须保持朋友关系才能生存，在这期间，忠诚度会受到考验。)”可知，在友谊游戏中能够发现友谊力量，故选择C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据每个小标题最后的“in theaters(在影院)”可知，这四部电影的共同点在于都可在电影院观看，故选择D项。
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【原文】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了65岁的哈洛伦完成第一次独自背包旅行的励志故事和由此引发的感想。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Losing it was a blow, but she found reserves of inner strength: “I challenged myself,” she says,(失去它是一个打击，但她找到了内在力量的储备：“我挑战自己，”她说，)”和第三段“Whenever I get scared, I think of myself on top of that mountain, looking out over Lake Gokyo ——and beyond that, Everest. I say, if you can do that, you can do anything.(每当我害怕的时候，我就会想到自己站在那座山的山顶上，眺望着Gokyo湖，然后是珠穆朗玛峰。我说，如果你能做到这一点，你就能做任何事情。)”可推知，她是有坚强勇气的，这也是她完成了她的第一次背包冒险的原因所在。故选D项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“It gave me confidence that at my age I could go up to that height.(它给了我信心，在我这个年纪，我可以爬到那个高度。)”可知，爬到了那个高度说明困难被克服了，所以可推知，画线词是“克服、解决”的意思。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Looking back, she could see that her work freed her from the pain.(回顾过去，她可以看到她的工作使她摆脱了痛苦。)”可知，哈洛伦成为工作狂是为了摆脱痛苦，即寻求精神上的避难。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“From now on, I’ve got left in the few years, and I want to shift. Shift a bit,(从现在开始，我还有剩下的几年，我要转换。稍微转换一下，)”和“I feel as if I’ve washed up on the shore and it’s a new adventure.(我觉得自己好像被冲上了海岸，这是一场新的冒险。)”可知，本段主要想表达哈洛伦要开始新生活的决心。故选D项。
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了癌症治疗的下一个重大发展可能是疫苗，并且研究已经取得了一些进展。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Many doctors predict more vaccines will be out in five years. They are not traditional vaccines that prevent diseases. Instead, they are shot s to shrink tumors(肿瘤 ) and stop the cancer from coming back.(许多医生预测，未来五年内会有更多的疫苗问世。它们不是预防疾病的传统疫苗。相反，它们被注射来缩小肿瘤并阻止癌症复发。)”可知，未来的癌症疫苗能避免癌症复发。故选C项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“More than ever, scientists understand how cancer hides from the body’s immune system(免疫系统). (科学家们比以往任何时候都更了解癌症是如何躲避人体免疫系统的)”和“For a vaccine to work, it needs to teach the immune system’s T cells to recognize cancer to be dangerous. Once trained, T cells can travel anywhere in the body to hunt down danger.(为了使疫苗起作用，它需要教会免疫系统的T细胞识别癌症是危险的。一旦被训练，T细胞可以在身体的任何地方寻找危险。)”可知，本段主要介绍了癌症疫苗是如何起作用的。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Compared with other melanoma vaccines, Modema’s vaccines are designed for each patient, based on the many differences in their cancer tissue, which can train the immune system to hunt for the cancer cells and kill them.(与其他黑色素瘤疫苗相比，Modema的疫苗是根据每个患者癌症组织的许多差异设计的，可以训练免疫系统寻找癌细胞并杀死它们。)”可知，Modema的疫苗的特别之处在于它是个性化的。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Jamie Crase was one of the first people to receive the lung cancer vaccine. Crase was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer at age 34. She thought she would die young. Now she is 50, with no sign of cancer. She does not know for sure if the vaccine helped. But she said, “I’m still here.”(杰米·克莱斯是第一批接种肺癌疫苗的人之一。Crase在34岁时被诊断出患有晚期肺癌。她以为自己会英年早逝。现在她50岁了，没有癌症的迹象。她不确定疫苗是否有效。但她说：“我还在这里。”)”可推知，疫苗让华油肺癌的杰米·克莱斯受益，因此推断未来会有更多的病人将受益于疫苗。故选C项。
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述科学家绘制首张由中微子成像的银河系图像。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Scientists discovered the high-energy neutrinos in ice deep be low Antarctica’s surface over a period of 10 years at the Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory, a research station at the South Pole. (科学家们在南极的一个研究站——冰立方中微子观测站历时10年，在南极表面深处的冰中发现了高能中微子)”可知，科学家是通过在南极研究冰中发现了中微子，故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“‘This observation is groundbreaking. It established the Galaxy as a neutrino source. Every future work will refer to this observation,’ said Taboada, the spokesperson for the Ice Cube research. (‘这一观察是开创性的。它确立了银河系作为中微子源的地位。未来的每一项工作都将参考这一观察结果，’冰立方研究的发言人Taboada说)”可知，这一观察是开创性的，故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Neutrinos are elementary units, meaning they are not made up of anything smaller. (中微子是基本单位，这意味着它们不是由更小的东西组成的)”可知，中微子不能被分成更小的物质，故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“However, the Galaxy is now being observed for the first time in a new way. They have produced an image of the Galaxy not based on light. Instead, the image is based on neutrinos (中微子). (然而，银河系现在第一次以一种新的方式被观测到。他们制作了一张银河系的非光图像。相反，该图像是基于中微子的)”可知，文章主要讲述科学家绘制首张由中微子成像的银河系图像，提供了观察银河系的新视角，故D项“观察银河系的新方法”为最佳标题，故选D。
河南省三门峡市2023-2024学年高三上学期10月阶段性考试（期中）英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了探险家营地相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“·The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund is June 15. (取消注册并获得全额退款的最后一天是6月15日)”可知，你可以在6月12日取消注册并全额退款。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Camp Structure部分中的“The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group.(白天按每个年龄组分为两个专题会议)”可知，露营者按年龄划分成不同的小组。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“·Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9点至下午4点)”可知，每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午1点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选A。
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了原本不重视阅读的作者通过努力克服自身的阅读障碍，最终成功出版书籍、成立非营利性组织帮助他人的故事。
【详解】 1.推理判断题。由文章第一段“When I was a kid, if someone told me that I would grow up to become a published author and founder of a youth literacy (读写能力)foundation, I would have laughed and kept walking.Even now when I see the title of my latest picture book, My Very Favorite Book in the Whole Wide World, I shake my head, not quite believing that book has my name on it. (当我还是个孩子的时候，如果有人告诉我，我长大后会成为一名出版作家和一个青年识字基金会的创始人，我会笑，继续走路。即使现在，当我看到我最新图画书的标题，My Very Favorite Book in the Whole Wide World，我摇摇头，不太相信那本书上有我的名字。)”可知，作者假设还小的时候有人跟他说以后他能成为出版商和创始人，他会一笑了之，即使现在看到自己的书，也不相信是书上有他自己的名字，可以推断出作者认为他的新书超出了他的预期，故选A。
2.细节理解题。由文章第二段“In Valdosta, Ga., where I grew up, my community promoted two pathways to a better life for little boys like me: being an athlete and being an entertainer. I was no different than the other kids, so I did what felt natural: Play football and overlook school. School presented challenges every day and so did football practice, but overcoming physical adversity (逆境) was on trend with my neighborhood’s culture. Reading books not so much.(在佐治亚州的瓦尔多斯塔,在我长大的地方，我的社区为像我这样的小男孩开辟了两条走向更好生活的道路：成为一名运动员或一名艺人。我和其他孩子没有什么不同，所以我做了一件感觉很自然的事情：踢足球，忽略上学。学习每天都有挑战，足球练习也有挑战，但克服身体逆境是我的社区文化的趋势。读书不用太多。)”可知，在作者所在的那个社区像作者这样的小男孩被固定了两条通往更美好生活的道路——成为运动员或艺人，作者觉得这很自然，这是作者社区文化的趋势，读书不多，所以作者未能找到自己读书的声音的根本原因是社区对他的影响，而C项只是表面的一个挑战，故选A。
3.词句猜测题。由下文“Trips to the grocery store were stressful because there was so much reading involved in the simple act of buying food. I would misread labels and grab the wrong items. Once, I picked up apple sauce thinking it was apple slices. I didn’t notice my mistake until I got home and realized that it was my inability to understand the differences in the wording on the labels that caused the mistake. I realized that I needed to make an important decision. If I wanted to be a better version of me, I had to become a stronger reader.(去杂货店的旅行很紧张，因为购买食物的简单行为涉及到太多的阅读。我会误读标签，拿走错误的东西。有一次，我拿起了苹果酱，以为那是苹果片。我没有注意到我的错误，直到我回家后才意识到是我无法理解标签上措辞的不同，才导致了这个错误。我意识到我需要做出一个重要的决定。如果我想成为一个更好的自己，我就必须成为一个更强大的读者。)”可知，作者在读大学时候由于阅读障碍认错、买错了许多东西，所以他决定努力阅读，上文写他所在的社区读书不多，所以这一句“ That’s where my reading struggles really reared their ugly head.”是承接句，故这句话的意思应
