大庆实验中学2023—2024学年度第一学期高三期中考试
英语试题
第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why didn't the woman sleep well last night
A. There was a dog barking.
B. There was some loud music.
C. There were some birds singing.
2. What is the man doing
A. Checking a map. B. Driving a car. C. Pointing the directions.
3. What does the woman mean in the end
A. The man made a poor excuse.
B. The train is unreliable on rainy days.
C. The man is the only one to take the subway.
4. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a car shop. B. At a car park. C. At a garage.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. An event. B. A budget C. The boss.
第二节：（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各 小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers discussing
A. When to get fully prepared.
B. When to visit a customer.
C. When to meet the accountant.
7. What will the woman do at 2:30 p.m.
A. Meet the man. B. Talk with the accountant. C. Attend an appointment.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8 What's the best language study method according to the man
A. Using an app. B. Speaking with local people. C. Listening to news.
9. What does the man value most
A. Touring the country. B. Exploring local cafes. C. Getting involved in culture.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where is Pizza Delight
A. In the city center. B. Near the man's house. C. By the movie theatre.
11. What is the woman's opinion of the pizza in Pizza Delight
A. It's fancy. B. It's fine. C. It's bad.
12. How soon will the speakers leave
A. In 15 minutes. B. In 30 minutes. C. In 45 minutes.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the key factor in windsurfing
A. High-quality equipment.
B. Personal physical condition.
C. Previous sporting experience.
14. What advice does Lily give on safety
A. Use noticeable board and sail.
B. Prepare life-saving equipment.
C. Teal someone how you can be identified.
15. What does Lily enjoy most about windsurfing
A. Forgetting everyday worries.
B. Learning new techniques.
C. Developing her muscles.
16. What might Lily do in the future
A. Give up windsurfing.
B. Act as a windsurfing coach.
C. Take part in windsurfing competitions.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What can the listeners do during the opening
A. Enter a competition. B. Meet a sportsman C. Get a signed copy.
18. What will all competitors receive
A. Tickets for sports events. B. Sports calendars. C. Signed copies of CDs.
19. How much does the fitness test cost this month
A. 15. B. 30. C. 50.
20. What does the speaker encourage listeners to do in the end
A. To book a place via email.
B. To try out equipment at opening mornings.
C. To open an account for more offers.
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Every year, TIME highlights inventions that are making the world better, smarter and even a bit more fun. Here are some selected ones that will absolutely blow your kids’ mind.
Sphero Indi ($124.99)
Coding is a matter of problem-solving and pattern recognition. Sphero Indi teaches both, no screen required. Instead, kids use different-colored cards to move a robotic car from point A to B — green cards increasing its speed, pink cards telling it to turn left, and so on. “We really wanted to bring these abstract concepts into the physical world,” says Jeff Wiencrot, one of the product developers.
Thames & Kosmos Mega Cyborg Hand ($39.95)
The effort to get kids interested in science just got a helping hand — a cyborg hand, to be precise. Kids build a robotic arm that copies their hand gestures, while they learn about engineering and robotics. Once assembled (组装) and slipped on like a glove, the device passes forces from the user’s fingers to the extended ones of the robotic hand.
Sproutel Purrble ($49.99)
For children who are upset for some reason, Purrble comes to their rescue. An interactive toy equipped with seven sensors that respond to touch, Purrble’s heartbeat speeds up when it senses somebody’s playing with it. Kids can then comfort their companion with gentle petting, slowing Purrble’s rapid heartbeat to a purr (咕噜声) — calming themselves as well in the process.
Lego recycled brick (Unpriced)
The Lego Group, intending to make all Lego bricks from sustainable resources by 2030, spent the past three years testing different recycled PET plastic materials, and finally developed its first recycled PET brick that is nearly identical to the usual brick. The Danish toy company hopes to integrate the recycled blocks into Lego sets in the next 18 to 24 months.
1. What do Sphero Indi and Thames & Komos Mega Cyborg Hand have in common
A. They train kids in programming. B. They are invented by kids.
C. They need fitting together first. D. They combine fun with learning.
2. Which invention best suits kids who need emotional comfort
A. Sphero Indi. B. Sproutel Purrble.
C. Thames & Kosmos Mega Cyborg Hand D. Lego recycled brick.
3. What makes Lego recycled brick special
A. It is environmentally friendly. B. It can be mass-produced.
C It looks distinct from the usual one. D. It is a solution to testing.
B
When I made the decision to quit my full-time employment, I never thought that I could get involved in an increasing global trend. I had to leave my relatively high-profile position for an unexpected move that hurt my pride and prevented me from getting promoted. Yet, I excused my departure by saying “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.
Curiously, after around two and a half years, my experience in what Americans refer to as “downshifting” has turned my excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of Linda Kelsey’s “have it all” concept, which she has been promoting for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is content to accept a little bit of everything.
I have discovered that abandoning the idea of “juggling your life” and adopting the alternative strategy of “downshifting” has benefits that go far beyond financial success and social status. Nothing could convince me to go back to the lifestyle Kelsey used to promote and which I had previously enjoyed: 12-hour workdays, tight deadlines, the terrifying pressure of office politics, and the demand of being a parent on “quality time”.
After the widespread layoffs (裁员) brought on by cost-cutting in the late 1980s, America started to move toward a simpler, less materialistic way of life as a response to the economic downturn. In America, simplifying one’s life is frequently done for financial reasons, but in Britain, at least among the middle class I know, we have different motivations for doing so. For the women of my generation who were encouraged to keep juggling, downshifting is not so much a search for a mythical (虚无的) good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.
4. What can we learn from paragraph 1
A. The writer didn’t take pride in her original job.
B. Full-time employment is a new international trend.
C. The writer was eager to spend more time with her family.
D. The writer was forced to resign due to an external factor.
5. What do we know about downshifting according to the text
A. The writer abandoned her high social status for downshifting.
B. Downshifting allowed the writer to make her dream come true.
C. The writer changed her way of thinking through downshifting.
D. The writer accepted the concept of She magazine because of downshifting.
6. What does the underlined phrase “juggling your life” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Settling for a bit of everything.
B. Choosing to live a simple life.
C. Adopting a busy and stressful lifestyle.
D. Staying away from a materialistic way of life.
7. What does the writer intend to tell us
A. It is never too late to pursue your dream.
B. Downshifting results in a more satisfactory and simpler life.
C. There is a difference between the American and British cultures.
D. People should adopt downshifting to search for mythical experiences.
C
A workday filled with a string of mentally demanding tasks can leave you feeling burned out. After long hours of mentally tracking one thought after another, you're probably more likely to choose a relaxing evening of streaming TV shows than to tackle a tough task on your to-do list or to make time for a creative pursuit.
For some time, researchers have suspected that long periods of mental effort lead to a shortage of glucose (葡萄糖),a key resource that supplies the energy-hungry brain. Experiments in the early 2000s supported this concept —reporting that people experienced a reduction in blood glucose after a mentally demanding task and that consuming a sugary drink could make good sense.
But subsequent work failed to reproduce those findings. Actually, the energy cost associated with thinking can be negligible. One analysis suggests that overworked brains use much less than one-tenth of a small Tic Tac candy's worth of glucose. A team of scientists led by Antonius Wiehler of Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital, looked at things from a different angle.
To produce mental tiredness, a group of participants were asked to perform over six hours of various tasks that involved thinking. Half were assigned easy things to do and half hard ones. During the experiment, the scientists used a technique to measure the changes of chemicals in the brain. They found that people who had taken on the harder task had higher concentrations of glutamate (谷氨酸) in the LPFC (an area involved in mental processes such as decision-making) than those who had performed the easier one.
Throughout the experiment, participants were asked to make decisions that could reveal their mental tiredness. Participants who were assigned the more challenging task were more likely to choose low-cost and little-effort options, especially towards the end of the six hours.
So, is there some way around this limitation of our brain's ability to think hard “Not really, I'm afraid ,”said Pessiglione, Wiehler's colleague. “I would remind you that tiredness is indeed a signal indicating you need to stop working to preserve the effectiveness of brain functioning. There is good evidence that the balance of glutamate is restored after a night's sleep."
8. What did researchers find through experiments in the early 2000s
A. Blood glucose influences the brain's performance.
B. Human brains use much of the body's glucose.
C. Humans can gain enough energy from daily diets.
D. Blood glucose levels fall fast with our emotional changes.
9. What does the underlined word “negligible” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Sensitive. B. Insignificant. C. Immeasurable. D. Complicated
10. What conclusion can be drawn from the team's research
A. Thinking hard consumes a lot of glutamate.
B. Mental tiredness leads to people's false sense of time.
C. Single-minded people are likely to make wise decisions.
D. The buildup of glutamate upsets brain functioning.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. Why does thinking hard wear you out
B. Why do people tend to make a to-do list
C. How does your emotion affect your productivity
D. How do varied leisure activities promote your sleep
D
Science is a process that builds upon existing theories and knowledge by continuously revising them. Every aspect of scientific knowledge can be questioned, including the general rules of thinking that appear to be most certain. So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing If tomorrow we will no longer see the world as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously today’s scientific description of the world
The answer is simpler. Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can’t weaken the fact that it is a useful instrument for understanding the world.
Consider a folk healer’s medicine. Can we say this treatment is “scientific” Yes, if it is proven to be effective, even if we have no idea why it works. In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments, and we are still not sure how they work. This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective. To the contrary, many of them are not. What distinguishes scientific medieine is the readiness to seriously test a treatment and to be ready to change our minds if something is shown not to work. A research doctor in a modern hospital must be ready to change his theory if a more effective way of understanding illness, or treating it, becomes available.
What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty. As John Stuart Mill wrote in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have most warrant (依据)for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded.”
12. Why does the author raise the two questions in paragraph 1
A To add some fun. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To express doubts. D. To provide background.
13. What can we learn about today’s scientific description of the world
A. It can be timeless. B. It is of little value.
C. It can be improved D. It is the best at any moment.
14. What is the author’s attitude towards folk treatment
A. Indifferent. B. Pessimistic. C. Objective. D. Sympathetic.
15. What is the main idea of paragraph 4
A. It is unwise to believe in science. B. Too much uncertainty lies in science.
C. The foundation of science is unfounded. D. The lack of certainty makes science reliable.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2 .5分，满分12 .5分）
阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In 2019, Gotham Greens opened its 9,300-square-metre Baltimore farm on the former site of Bethlehem Steel, which was the largest steel-manufacturing plant in the world. ___16___ It aimed to repurpose unused rooftop spaces and abandoned factories for food production.
Urban populations are projected to increase by 2. 5 billion by 2050. ___17___ But despite the rise in city-based farms, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them, including the economic and environmental costs.
Florian Payen, an environmental scientist, and his colleagues looked at previous studies done in 53 countries where crops were grown in different urban environments, including “grey” spaces such as rooftops, and by using different growing methods. They found that yields(产量) of urban crops were often the same as those from conventional farms. Just as importantly, they revealed the most commonly-grown types of crops and the most effective growing methods. ___18___
It’s known that the benefit of urban farming is a reduction in food miles. ___19___ In one study, researchers analyzed the carbon footprint of different vegetables grown in greenhouses in Canada and that of the importing vegetables from the USA. “They found that it was less carbon-intensive to import the crops because of the high energy input required to grow them locally in greenhouses,” says Payen.
___20___Urban agriculture has the potential to enhance local ecosystems, attracting pollinators (传粉媒介) such as bees and birds that boost urban biodiversity while providing more green spaces to help keep cities cool and counter the urban heat island effect.
A. But there are other benefits.
B. Urban agriculture can help feed our growing cities.
C. It’s well worth investing in rooftop gardens or greenhouses.
D. The farm was one of the farms the company had set up in cities.
E. Urban agriculture in any given city can take lots of different forms.
F. However, urban-grown crops aren’t a more environmentally friendly option.
G. Surprisingly, they found little difference in overall yields between indoor and outdoor spaces.
第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Recently, a man who thinks himself wise complained to me about his bad luck. He interviewed an architect for his project, but he intended her to offer a plan right away and he thought she ___21___ him too much. Afterwards, he was totally stuck in the cost problem because he ___22___ to find another nice architect at a lower price.
Was this a poor choice or just bad luck If we play out the same situation 100 times —where a man ___23___ the selection of an architect, and focuses on picking the cheapest and immediately ___24___ project plan —how many times do you think it runs in a ___25___ way Not once.
One way to visualize the man’s ___26___ is through the game of billiards (台球).We focus on making the first shot instead of considering how we ___27___the ball for the next shot. When we go to take the next shot, the difficulty ___28___ .
Life is full of such examples. We ___29___ the $500-an-hour lawyer with years of relevant experience and choose the $200-an-hour lawyer. Unavoidably, we find ourselves paying for the ____30____ sooner or later. We do the same when it comes to ____31____ .Often, we choose the “cheaper” alternatives ____32____ we realize our mistakes. As the saying goes, buy nice or buy twice. The current cheapness ____33____ means the overall cheapness.
The main ____34____ here is to aim at the long-term consequences. ____35____ might appear to win in the short term, but foresight undoubtedly wins in the end.
21.
A. fooled B. changed C. charged D. benefited
22.
A. failed B. happened C. refused D. promised
23.
A. gets over B. rushes through C. relies on D. puts off
24.
A. obvious B. popular C. payable D. available
25.
A. similar B. particular C. smooth D. flexible
26.
A. rudeness B. carelessness C. greed D. short-sightedness
27.
A. position B. advertise C. kick D. trace
28.
A. drops B. increases C. continues D. disappears
29.
A. recognize B. employ C. decline D. serve
30.
A. choice B. adventure C. target D. strategy
31.
A. collection B. purchases C. donations D. garbage
32.
A. once B. unless C. though D. before
33.
A. rarely B. slightly C. equally D. merely
34.
A. requirement B. comment C. lesson D. standard
35.
A. Generosity B. Smartness C. Preservation D. Thoughtfulness
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。
36. To tell __________ truth, John is at __________ loss what to do currently.
A. /; a B. the;/ C. the; a D. /; the
37. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ________ parents sat together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
38. Drop in on us whenever it is __________ for you. We are looking forward to meeting you at home.
A. free B. spare C. convenient D. available
39. More often than not, some people around us are getting even richer, whose __________ is not to put all your eggs in one basket.
A. symbol B. recipe C. function D. suffering
40. You'd better make extra copies of this important file, __________ you need it for future reference.
A. unless B. in case C. although D. even if
41. Sunday roast __________of roast meat, roast potatoes and vegetables is a traditional Britain main meal, __________ served on Sunday.
A. consists; incredibly B. consisted; slightly C. consisted; originally D. consisting; typically
42. The doctor __________ me to spend several days at the seaside, so that I’ll __________ soon.
A. considered; catch up B. hoped; bring up
C. suggested; take up D. recommended; pick up
43. Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, __________ the neighbors and the house __________ I used to be familiar with were gone.
A. only finding; which B. only to find; that C. to find; where D. found; that
44. It can be hard for you to imagine what trouble I have had __________ the problems __________ in the meeting __________ last week
A. to deal with; referring to; held B. dealing with; referring to; being held
C. dealing with; referred to; held D. to deal with; referred to; being held
45. It is in this very town, __________Tom was born 40 years ago, __________he will build a new school, __________excites everyone in the town.
A. that; that; which B. that; where; that C. where; that; which D. where; when; that
第三节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
46. I was concentrating on reading a novel __________ I heard someone in the distance call my name. (用适当的词填空)
47. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a __________ (compete) and stressful society. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. (用适当的词填空)
49. If you choose this career, you’ll meet interesting people, earn a good salary and work in pleasant __________ (surround). (所给词的适当形式填空)
50. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge. （用单词适当形式填空）
51. ____ （equip）with global vision and the spirit of innovation is crucial to China's young generation. （用单词适当形式填空）
52. We all ________ some extent remember the good times and forget the bad.(用适当的词填空)
53. Thanks to the new technology, costs __________ (reduce) by 30% over the past year. (所给词适当形式填空)
54. I suddenly realized that things could have developed in a __________ (dramatic) different way. (所给词的适当形式填空)
55. John couldn’t make out why it was __________ Lucy refused to admit there was a problem in her plan. (用适当的词填空)
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
56. 假定你是李华，你校交换生Hans在策划“Approaching Chinese Students”栏目，用短视频介绍中学生校园生活，为此咨询你的意见。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.推荐拍摄内容；
2.陈述理由；
3.表达祝愿。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Hans,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Broken seashells
It was the summer in mid-July at the Jersey shore. My four-year-old son Will and I just loved heading off to the beach just before dinner when the rest of the vacationers seemed to be leaving for the day. The sun was still hot then and shining brightly.
Bucket in hand, we’d hit the sand and start our adventure. Will would run so quickly to the edge of the water and be soaked before I got there, laughing as the waves crashed and nearly knocked him down. We usually walked along the edge of the water, looking for seashells to fill our red sandcastle-shaped bucket. Some days, the bucket was full, and other days just a few shells made it into the bucket.
On this particular day, there didn’t seem to be too many shells washed up on the shore. Will began picking up whatever shells he saw lying in the sand. After a while, I peered into the bucket and saw nothing but broken shells. “Will, all of these shells are broken and no good. You need to find shells like this,” I explained, as I held up a perfectly shaped clamshell. Will gave me a puzzled look and continued on his way, gathering whatever shells he came across and dropping them into the bucket.
I continued my search for some time, and then stopped to watch him drop more broken shells into the bucket. Again, I stopped, but this time I asked in a stricter voice, “Will, why do you insist on filling our bucket with shells that are broken ” He looked up at me through his glasses with his big blue eyes and replied, “Mom, there are way more shells on the beach that are broken than perfect ones that you are searching for. We’ll get the bucket filled faster with the broken ones.” True, I thought, but who wants a bucketful of broken shells Will stared at me as if he knew what I was thinking. “Mom, these shells are broken, but they are still beautiful,” he explained.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
He began pulling the shells from the bucket and commenting on their uniqueness.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Back home, I decided to preserve the moment of realization with Will.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________大庆实验中学2023—2024学年度第一学期高三期中考试
英语试题
第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why didn't the woman sleep well last night
A. There was a dog barking.
B. There was some loud music.
C. There were some birds singing.
2. What is the man doing
A. Checking a map. B. Driving a car. C. Pointing the directions.
3. What does the woman mean in the end
A. The man made a poor excuse.
B. The train is unreliable on rainy days.
C. The man is the only one to take the subway.
4. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a car shop. B. At a car park. C. At a garage.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. An event. B. A budget C. The boss.
第二节：（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各 小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers discussing
A. When to get fully prepared.
B. When to visit a customer.
C. When to meet the accountant.
7. What will the woman do at 2:30 p.m.
A. Meet the man. B. Talk with the accountant. C. Attend an appointment.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What's the best language study method according to the man
A. Using an app. B. Speaking with local people. C. Listening to news.
9. What does the man value most
A. Touring the country. B. Exploring local cafes. C. Getting involved in culture.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where is Pizza Delight
A. In the city center. B. Near the man's house. C. By the movie theatre.
11. What is the woman's opinion of the pizza in Pizza Delight
A. It's fancy. B. It's fine. C. It's bad.
12. How soon will the speakers leave
A. In 15 minutes. B. In 30 minutes. C. In 45 minutes.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the key factor in windsurfing
A. High-quality equipment.
B. Personal physical condition.
C. Previous sporting experience.
14. What advice does Lily give on safety
A. Use noticeable board and sail.
B. Prepare life-saving equipment.
C. Teal someone how you can be identified.
15. What does Lily enjoy most about windsurfing
A. Forgetting everyday worries.
B. Learning new techniques.
C. Developing her muscles.
16. What might Lily do in the future
A. Give up windsurfing.
B. Act as a windsurfing coach.
C. Take part in windsurfing competitions.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What can the listeners do during the opening
A. Enter a competition. B. Meet a sportsman C. Get a signed copy.
18. What will all competitors receive
A. Tickets for sports events. B. Sports calendars. C. Signed copies of CDs.
19. How much does the fitness test cost this month
A. 15. B. 30. C. 50.
20. What does the speaker encourage listeners to do in the end
A. To book a place via email.
B. To try out equipment at opening mornings.
C. To open an account for more offers.
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Every year, TIME highlights inventions that are making the world better, smarter and even a bit more fun. Here are some selected ones that will absolutely blow your kids’ mind.
Sphero Indi ($124.99)
Coding is a matter of problem-solving and pattern recognition. Sphero Indi teaches both, no screen required. Instead, kids use different-colored cards to move a robotic car from point A to B — green cards increasing its speed, pink cards telling it to turn left, and so on. “We really wanted to bring these abstract concepts into the physical world,” says Jeff Wiencrot, one of the product developers.
Thames & Kosmos Mega Cyborg Hand ($39.95)
The effort to get kids interested in science just got a helping hand — a cyborg hand, to be precise. Kids build a robotic arm that copies their hand gestures, while they learn about engineering and robotics. Once assembled (组装) and slipped on like a glove, the device passes forces from the user’s fingers to the extended ones of the robotic hand.
Sproutel Purrble ($49.99)
For children who are upset for some reason, Purrble comes to their rescue. An interactive toy equipped with seven sensors that respond to touch, Purrble’s heartbeat speeds up when it senses somebody’s playing with it. Kids can then comfort their companion with gentle petting, slowing Purrble’s rapid heartbeat to a purr (咕噜声) — calming themselves as well in the process.
Lego recycled brick (Unpriced)
The Lego Group, intending to make all Lego bricks from sustainable resources by 2030, spent the past three years testing different recycled PET plastic materials, and finally developed its first recycled PET brick that is nearly identical to the usual brick. The Danish toy company hopes to integrate the recycled blocks into Lego sets in the next 18 to 24 months.
1. What do Sphero Indi and Thames & Komos Mega Cyborg Hand have in common
A. They train kids in programming. B. They are invented by kids.
C. They need fitting together first. D. They combine fun with learning.
2. Which invention best suits kids who need emotional comfort
A. Sphero Indi. B. Sproutel Purrble.
C. Thames & Kosmos Mega Cyborg Hand D. Lego recycled brick.
3. What makes Lego recycled brick special
A. It is environmentally friendly. B. It can be mass-produced.
C. It looks distinct from the usual one. D. It is a solution to testing.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种适合孩子的玩具。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sphero Indi ($124.99)部分中“Instead, kids use different-colored cards to move a robotic car from point A to B — green cards increasing its speed, pink cards telling it to turn left, and so on. “We really wanted to bring these abstract concepts into the physical world,” says Jeff Wiencrot, one of the product developers.(相反，孩子们使用不同颜色的卡片将机器人汽车从A点移动到B点——绿色卡片提高其速度，粉红色卡片告诉它向左拐，等等。“我们真的很想把这些抽象的概念带入现实世界，”产品开发人员之一Jeff Wiencrot说)”以及Thames & Kosmos Mega Cyborg Hand ($39.95)部分中“The effort to get kids interested in science just got a helping hand — a cyborg hand, to be precise. Kids build a robotic arm that copies their hand gestures, while they learn about engineering and robotics.(让孩子们对科学感兴趣的努力只是得到了一个帮助——一个机器人手，准确的说。孩子们通过复制自己的手臂建立一个机器人手臂，同时他们学习关于工程和机器人的知识)”可知，Sphero indii和Thames & Komos Mega Cyborg Hand的共同之处是把学习和娱乐结合起来。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sproutel Purrble部分中“For children who are upset for some reason, Purrble comes to their rescue.(对于那些因为某种原因而心烦意乱的孩子，Purrble会来拯救他们)”可知，Sproutel Purrble最适合需要情感安慰的孩子。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Lego Group, intending to make all Lego bricks from sustainable resources by 2030, spent the past three years testing different recycled PET plastic materials, and finally developed its first recycled PET brick that is nearly identical to the usual brick.(乐高集团计划到2030年用可持续资源生产所有乐高积木，在过去的三年里，他们测试了不同的再生PET塑料材料，最终开发出了第一块与普通积木几乎相同的再生PET砖)”可知，乐高回收积木的特别之处在于它是环保的。故选A。
B
When I made the decision to quit my full-time employment, I never thought that I could get involved in an increasing global trend. I had to leave my relatively high-profile position for an unexpected move that hurt my pride and prevented me from getting promoted. Yet, I excused my departure by saying “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.
Curiously, after around two and a half years, my experience in what Americans refer to as “downshifting” has turned my excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of Linda Kelsey’s “have it all” concept, which she has been promoting for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is content to accept a little bit of everything.
I have discovered that abandoning the idea of “juggling your life” and adopting the alternative strategy of “downshifting” has benefits that go far beyond financial success and social status. Nothing could convince me to go back to the lifestyle Kelsey used to promote and which I had previously enjoyed: 12-hour workdays, tight deadlines, the terrifying pressure of office politics, and the demand of being a parent on “quality time”.
After the widespread layoffs (裁员) brought on by cost-cutting in the late 1980s, America started to move toward a simpler, less materialistic way of life as a response to the economic downturn. In America, simplifying one’s life is frequently done for financial reasons, but in Britain, at least among the middle class I know, we have different motivations for doing so. For the women of my generation who were encouraged to keep juggling, downshifting is not so much a search for a mythical (虚无的) good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.
4. What can we learn from paragraph 1
A. The writer didn’t take pride in her original job.
B. Full-time employment is a new international trend.
C. The writer was eager to spend more time with her family.
D. The writer was forced to resign due to an external factor.
5. What do we know about downshifting according to the text
A. The writer abandoned her high social status for downshifting.
B. Downshifting allowed the writer to make her dream come true.
C. The writer changed her way of thinking through downshifting.
D. The writer accepted the concept of She magazine because of downshifting.
6. What does the underlined phrase “juggling your life” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Settling for a bit of everything.
B. Choosing to live a simple life.
C. Adopting a busy and stressful lifestyle.
D. Staying away from a materialistic way of life.
7. What does the writer intend to tell us
A. It is never too late to pursue your dream.
B. Downshifting results in a more satisfactory and simpler life.
C. There is a difference between the American and British cultures.
D. People should adopt downshifting to search for mythical experiences.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了作者改变了原来繁忙，有压力的生活方式，采取了“降速”的方式，意识到了“降速”有很多好处，同时，生活也变得简单和令人满意。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“I had to leave my relatively high-profile position for an unexpected move that hurt my pride and prevented me from getting promoted. (我不得不离开我相对高调的职位，因为一个意想不到的举动，伤害了我的自尊心，并阻止我得到晋升。)”可推知，由于外部因素，作者被迫辞职。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Curiously, after around two and a half years, my experience in what Americans refer to as “downshifting” has turned my excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of Linda Kelsey’s “have it all” concept, which she has been promoting for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is content to accept a little bit of everything.(奇怪的是，在大约两年半之后，我在美国人所说的“减速”中的经历使我的借口变成了绝对的现实。我已经从琳达 凯尔西(Linda Kelsey)“拥有一切”理念的热情倡导者(她在过去七年里一直在《她 》杂志上宣传这一理念) ，变成了一个满足于接受一点点所有事情的女人。)”可知，通过“downshifting”，作者已经从“拥有一切”理念的热情倡导者变成了一个满足于接受一点点所有事情的女人，由此可推知，通过“downshifting”作者的思考方式发生了变化，故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线短语下文“Nothing could convince me to go back to the lifestyle Kelsey used to promote and which I had previously enjoyed: 12-hour workdays, tight deadlines, the terrifying pressure of office politics, and the demand of being a parent on “quality time”.(没有什么能够说服我回到凯尔西曾经提倡的生活方式，也就是我以前喜欢的生活方式：12小时的工作时间，紧迫的截止日期，办公室政治的可怕压力，以及作为家长对“高质量时间”的要求。)”可知，作者以前的生活方式是繁忙的，有压力的，结合画线短语所在句子“I have discovered that abandoning the idea of “juggling your life” and adopting the alternative strategy of “downshifting” has benefits that go far beyond financial success and social status. (我发现，放弃“juggling your life”的想法，采取“降速”的替代策略，其好处远远超出了经济成功和社会地位。)”可推知，作者以前的生活是繁忙，有压力的，如今作者放弃了原来的生活方式，转而“降速”，感到很好，由此可推知，画线短语juggling your life指的是作者以前那种繁忙，有压力的生活方式，故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“I have discovered that abandoning the idea of “juggling your life” and adopting the alternative strategy of “downshifting” has benefits that go far beyond financial success and social status. (我发现，放弃“繁忙有压力的生活”的想法，采取“降速”的替代策略，其好处远远超出了经济成功和社会地位。)”和最后一段中“For the women of my generation who were encouraged to keep juggling, downshifting is not so much a search for a mythical (虚无的) good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.(对于我们这一代被鼓励继续应付的女性来说，降低工作速度与其说是为了追求神话般的美好生活——自己种植有机蔬菜，并冒着变成有机蔬菜的风险——不如说是为了个人认识到自己的局限性。)”可推知，文章主要讲述了作者改变了原来繁忙，有压力的生活方式，采取了“降速”的方式，感到很多好处，生活也变得简单。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们“降速”会带来更令人满意和更简单的生活。故选B。
C
A workday filled with a string of mentally demanding tasks can leave you feeling burned out. After long hours of mentally tracking one thought after another, you're probably more likely to choose a relaxing evening of streaming TV shows than to tackle a tough task on your to-do list or to make time for a creative pursuit.
For some time, researchers have suspected that long periods of mental effort lead to a shortage of glucose (葡萄糖),a key resource that supplies the energy-hungry brain. Experiments in the early 2000s supported this concept —reporting that people experienced a reduction in blood glucose after a mentally demanding task and that consuming a sugary drink could make good sense.
But subsequent work failed to reproduce those findings. Actually, the energy cost associated with thinking can be negligible. One analysis suggests that overworked brains use much less than one-tenth of a small Tic Tac candy's worth of glucose. A team of scientists led by Antonius Wiehler of Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital, looked at things from a different angle.
To produce mental tiredness, a group of participants were asked to perform over six hours of various tasks that involved thinking. Half were assigned easy things to do and half hard ones. During the experiment, the scientists used a technique to measure the changes of chemicals in the brain. They found that people who had taken on the harder task had higher concentrations of glutamate (谷氨酸) in the LPFC (an area involved in mental processes such as decision-making) than those who had performed the easier one.
Throughout the experiment, participants were asked to make decisions that could reveal their mental tiredness. Participants who were assigned the more challenging task were more likely to choose low-cost and little-effort options, especially towards the end of the six hours.
So, is there some way around this limitation of our brain's ability to think hard “Not really, I'm afraid ,”said Pessiglione, Wiehler's colleague. “I would remind you that tiredness is indeed a signal indicating you need to stop working to preserve the effectiveness of brain functioning. There is good evidence that the balance of glutamate is restored after a night's sleep."
8. What did researchers find through experiments in the early 2000s
A. Blood glucose influences the brain's performance.
B. Human brains use much of the body's glucose.
C. Humans can gain enough energy from daily diets.
D. Blood glucose levels fall fast with our emotional changes.
9. What does the underlined word “negligible” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Sensitive. B. Insignificant. C. Immeasurable. D. Complicated
10. What conclusion can be drawn from the team's research
A. Thinking hard consumes a lot of glutamate.
B. Mental tiredness leads to people's false sense of time.
C. Single-minded people are likely to make wise decisions.
D. The buildup of glutamate upsets brain functioning.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. Why does thinking hard wear you out
B. Why do people tend to make a to-do list
C. How does your emotion affect your productivity
D. How do varied leisure activities promote your sleep
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在经历了大脑上要求很高的任务后，人们会感到更加筋疲力尽，从而会更愿意选择轻松的活动。
8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Experiments in the early 2000s supported this concept —reporting that people experienced a reduction in blood glucose after a mentally demanding task and that consuming a sugary drink could make good sense.(早在21世纪的研究就支持了这一概念——报告称，人们在完成一项大脑高需求的活动后，血糖会下降，喝含糖的饮料有一定的作用。)”可知，人们在使用大脑的时候，血糖会下降，故人类大脑会消耗身体内的血糖，故选B。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章划线词negligible后的内容“One analysis suggests that overworked brains use much less than one-tenth of a small Tic Tac candy's worth of glucose.(一项分析表明，过度工作的大脑消耗的葡萄糖远远不足一小块Tic Tac糖果的十分之一。)”可推知，过度工作的大脑消耗的葡萄糖很低，远远不足一小块糖果的十分之一，故此处的划线词negligible与B项“Insignificant(微不足道的)”意思相近，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“They found that people who had taken on the harder task had higher concentrations of glutamate(谷氨酸)in the LPFC(an area involved in mental processes such as decision-making)than those who had performed the easier one.(他们发现，那些承担更艰巨任务的人的谷氨酸浓度比那些承担容易任务的人更高。)”以及最后一段“I would remind you that tiredness is indeed a signal indicating you need to stop working to preserve the effectiveness of brain functioning. There is good evidence that the balance of glutamate is restored after a night's sleep. (我想提醒你的是，疲惫的确是一种信号，提醒你为了保证大脑运行的有效性，你需要停止工作。有证据表明，谷氨酸的平衡在一夜的睡眠后会得到恢复。)”可知，研究发现，承担更艰巨任务的人的谷氨酸浓度更高，但谷氨酸的浓度需要在休息后达到平衡才能保证大脑运行的有效性，故可推知，谷氨酸的聚集会扰乱大脑运行，故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A workday filled with a string of mentally demanding tasks can leave you feeling burned out. After long hours of mentally tracking one thought after another, you're probably more likely to choose a relaxing evening of streaming TV shows than to tackle a tough task on your to-do list or to make time for a creative pursuit.(在一个满是大脑运行要求很高的任务的工作日后，你可能会感到精疲力竭。在长时间的大脑运行的一个又一个想法后，你可以更想要选择一个轻松的电视剧之夜，而不是去处理待办事项清单上的艰巨任务或腾出时间来进行创造性的追求。)”以及后文的研究介绍可知，本文主要介绍了文章主要介绍了在经历了大脑上要求很高的任务后，人们会感到更加筋疲力尽，从而会更愿意选择轻松的活动，并用后文的研究说明了原因，故A项“为什么认真思考会让你感到疲惫？”符合文章标题，故选A。
D
Science is a process that builds upon existing theories and knowledge by continuously revising them. Every aspect of scientific knowledge can be questioned, including the general rules of thinking that appear to be most certain. So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing If tomorrow we will no longer see the world as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously today’s scientific description of the world
The answer is simpler. Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can’t weaken the fact that it is a useful instrument for understanding the world.
Consider a folk healer’s medicine. Can we say this treatment is “scientific” Yes, if it is proven to be effective, even if we have no idea why it works. In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments, and we are still not sure how they work. This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective. To the contrary, many of them are not. What distinguishes scientific medieine is the readiness to seriously test a treatment and to be ready to change our minds if something is shown not to work. A research doctor in a modern hospital must be ready to change his theory if a more effective way of understanding illness, or treating it, becomes available.
What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty. As John Stuart Mill wrote in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have most warrant (依据)for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded.”
12. Why does the author raise the two questions in paragraph 1
A. To add some fun. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To express doubts. D. To provide background.
13. What can we learn about today’s scientific description of the world
A. It can be timeless. B. It is of little value.
C. It can be improved D. It is the best at any moment.
14. What is the author’s attitude towards folk treatment
A. Indifferent. B. Pessimistic. C. Objective. D. Sympathetic.
15. What is the main idea of paragraph 4
A. It is unwise to believe in science. B. Too much uncertainty lies in science.
C. The foundation of science is unfounded. D. The lack of certainty makes science reliable.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要论述了科学是一个不断修正现有理论和知识的过程。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing If tomorrow we will no longer see the world as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously today’s scientific description of the world (那么，如果科学总是在改变，那为什么科学是值得相信的呢？如果明天我们看到的世界不再像牛顿和爱因斯坦发现的那样，那么我们为什么还要认真对待今天对世界的科学描述呢？)”及下文对于科学描述的论述可推知，文章第一段提出这两个问题是为了引出话题——科学是一个不断修正现有理论和知识的过程。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The answer is simpler. Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can’t weaken the fact that it is a useful instrument for understanding the world.(回答很简单。因为在我们历史的任何时刻，我们拥有的对世界的描述都是最好的。它可以变得更好这一事实并不能削弱它是理解世界的有用的工具之一。)”可知，尽管我们在历史的任何时候，对于世界的描述都是最好的，但对世界的描述可以变得更好，故当今对于世界的描述是可以改进的，故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments, and we are still not sure how they work. This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective. To the contrary, many of them are not.(事实上，今天使用的许多常用药物起源于民间治疗，我们仍然不确定它们是如何起作用的。但这并不意味着民间疗法通常是有效的。相反，许多民间疗法并非如此。)”可推知，作者既说明了明间疗法现在仍然起作用，又提到了其不足，故作者对民间治疗起客观态度，故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty.(现在科学之所以具有独特的力量，是因为它拒绝相信自己已经掌握了终极真理。科学的可靠性不是建立在确定的基础上，而是建立在完全不确定的基础上。)”可知，第四段主要论述了科学的可靠性源自缺乏确定性，即缺乏确定性使科学变得可靠。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2 .5分，满分12 .5分）
阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In 2019, Gotham Greens opened its 9,300-square-metre Baltimore farm on the former site of Bethlehem Steel, which was the largest steel-manufacturing plant in the world. ___16___ It aimed to repurpose unused rooftop spaces and abandoned factories for food production.
Urban populations are projected to increase by 2. 5 billion by 2050. ___17___ But despite the rise in city-based farms, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them, including the economic and environmental costs.
Florian Payen, an environmental scientist, and his colleagues looked at previous studies done in 53 countries where crops were grown in different urban environments, including “grey” spaces such as rooftops, and by using different growing methods. They found that yields(产量) of urban crops were often the same as those from conventional farms. Just as importantly, they revealed the most commonly-grown types of crops and the most effective growing methods. ___18___
It’s known that the benefit of urban farming is a reduction in food miles. ___19___ In one study, researchers analyzed the carbon footprint of different vegetables grown in greenhouses in Canada and that of the importing vegetables from the USA. “They found that it was less carbon-intensive to import the crops because of the high energy input required to grow them locally in greenhouses,” says Payen.
___20___Urban agriculture has the potential to enhance local ecosystems, attracting pollinators (传粉媒介) such as bees and birds that boost urban biodiversity while providing more green spaces to help keep cities cool and counter the urban heat island effect.
A. But there are other benefits.
B. Urban agriculture can help feed our growing cities.
C. It’s well worth investing in rooftop gardens or greenhouses.
D. The farm was one of the farms the company had set up in cities.
E. Urban agriculture in any given city can take lots of different forms.
F. However, urban-grown crops aren’t a more environmentally friendly option.
G. Surprisingly, they found little difference in overall yields between indoor and outdoor spaces.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. G 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市农场的建立和其优缺点。
【16题详解】
根据空前“In 2019, Gotham Greens opened its 9,300-square-metre Baltimore farm on the former site of Bethlehem Steel, which was the largest steel-manufacturing plant in the world.(2019年，Gotham Greens在之前的伯利恒钢铁公司旧址上开设了一个9300平方米的巴尔的摩农场，伯利恒钢铁公司是直接上最大的钢铁制造厂。)”和空后“It aimed to repurpose unused rooftop spaces and abandoned factories for food production.(它旨在将未使用的屋顶空间和废弃的工厂重新用于食品生产。)”可知，空前提到了新开设的巴尔的摩农场，后文介绍了它的目的，故D项“这个农场是这个公司在城市建立的农场之一。”符合语境，空后的It指代D项中的“The farm”，D项中的“The farm”又指代空前的“Baltimore farm”，故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据空前“Urban populations are projected to increase by 2. 5 billion by 2050.(预计到2050年，城市人口将增加到25亿。)”和空后“But despite the rise in city-based farms, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them, including the economic and environmental costs.(但是尽管城市农场的数量有所增加，但我们对它们仍有很多不了解的地方，包括经济和环境成本。)”可知，空前提到城市人口的增加，空后有提到了城市农场数量的增加，故B项“城市农业可以帮助养活我们不断发展的城市。”符合语境，城市人口会增加到25亿，那么城市农业可以对其有所帮助，但我们仍然对城市农业不够了解，故选B项。
【18题详解】
根据空前“They found that yields(产量) of urban crops were often the same as those from conventional farms. Just as importantly, they revealed the most commonly-grown types of crops and the most effective growing methods.(他们发现，城市农作物的产量通常与传统农场相同。同样重要的是，他们揭示了最常见的作物类型和最有效的种植方法。)”可知，空前提到环境学家们研究的结果发现，城市农作物的产量与传统农作物相同，故G项“令人惊讶的是，他们发现室内的和市外的总产量几乎没有差异。”符合题意，也是科学家们的发现，承接上文。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据空前“It’s known that the benefit of urban farming is a reduction in food miles.(众所周知，城市农业的好处是食物里程的减少。)”和空后“In one study, researchers analyzed the carbon footprint of different vegetables grown in greenhouses in Canada and that of the importing vegetables from the USA. “They found that it was less carbon-intensive to import the crops because of the high energy input required to grow them locally in greenhouses,” says Payen.(在一项研究中，研究者分析了种植在加拿大温室中的不同蔬菜以及美国进口蔬菜的碳足迹。Payen说道：“他们发现，进口这些农作物的碳密集度较低，因为在当地温室种植的这些作物需要高能量的投入。”)”可知，空前提到了城市农业的好处，空后又说明了其需要高能量的投入，故F项“然而，城市种植的农作物并不是一个更环保的选择。”符合语境，与空前转折，引出后文的需要更高能量的投入，故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据空后“Urban agriculture has the potential to enhance local ecosystems, attracting pollinators (传粉媒介) such as bees and birds that boost urban biodiversity while providing more green spaces to help keep cities cool and counter the urban heat island effect.(城市农业有潜力改善生态系统，吸引传粉昆虫，比如说蜜蜂和鸟类，它们促进了城市生物的多样性，同时提供了更多的绿地，帮助城市保持凉爽，对抗城市热岛效应。)”可知，空后提到了城市农业带来的各个方面的好处，故A项“但是，也有着其他好处。”符合，放在句首，作为本段的主题句，且可以承接上段末尾提到的城市农场的弊端。故选A项。
第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Recently, a man who thinks himself wise complained to me about his bad luck. He interviewed an architect for his project, but he intended her to offer a plan right away and he thought she ___21___ him too much. Afterwards, he was totally stuck in the cost problem because he ___22___ to find another nice architect at a lower price.
Was this a poor choice or just bad luck If we play out the same situation 100 times —where a man ___23___ the selection of an architect, and focuses on picking the cheapest and immediately ___24___ project plan —how many times do you think it runs in a ___25___ way Not once.
One way to visualize the man’s ___26___ is through the game of billiards (台球).We focus on making the first shot instead of considering how we ___27___the ball for the next shot. When we go to take the next shot, the difficulty ___28___ .
Life is full of such examples. We ___29___ the $500-an-hour lawyer with years of relevant experience and choose the $200-an-hour lawyer. Unavoidably, we find ourselves paying for the ____30____ sooner or later. We do the same when it comes to ____31____ .Often, we choose the “cheaper” alternatives ____32____ we realize our mistakes. As the saying goes, buy nice or buy twice. The current cheapness ____33____ means the overall cheapness.
The main ____34____ here is to aim at the long-term consequences. ____35____ might appear to win in the short term, but foresight undoubtedly wins in the end.
21
A. fooled B. changed C. charged D. benefited
22.
A. failed B. happened C. refused D. promised
23.
A. gets over B. rushes through C. relies on D. puts off
24.
A. obvious B. popular C. payable D. available
25.
A. similar B. particular C. smooth D. flexible
26
A. rudeness B. carelessness C. greed D. short-sightedness
27.
A. position B. advertise C. kick D. trace
28.
A. drops B. increases C. continues D. disappears
29.
A. recognize B. employ C. decline D. serve
30.
A. choice B. adventure C. target D. strategy
31.
A. collection B. purchases C. donations D. garbage
32.
A. once B. unless C. though D. before
33.
A. rarely B. slightly C. equally D. merely
34.
A. requirement B. comment C. lesson D. standard
35.
A. Generosity B. Smartness C. Preservation D. Thoughtfulness
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了一个智者向一个建筑师咨询一个项目计划，由于价格高而拒绝了，最后花费了很多超时费。这告诉我们一个道理：做事不要只考虑当下的便宜，目标要放长远一些。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他为他的项目采访了一位建筑师，但他想让她马上提供一个方案，他觉得她要价太高了。A. fooled欺骗；B. changed改变；C. charged要价、收费；D. benefited使受益。分析句意再根据下文at a lower price可知，此处是指他认为她“要价”太高了。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，他完全陷入了成本问题，因为他没能以更低价格找到另一个好的建筑师。A. failed失败；B. happened发生；C. refused拒绝；D. promised承诺。跟据上文“he was totally stuck in the cost problem(他完全被成本问题困住了)”可知，此处是指他被成本问题困住是因为他没能以更低的价格找到另一个好的建筑师，fail to do固定搭配，意为“未能做”。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：如果我们把同样的情况重复100次——一个人推迟了建筑师的选择，而专注于选择最便宜的、立即可用的项目计划——你认为它会顺利进行多少次 A. gets over克服；B. rushes through仓促完成；C. relies on依靠；D. puts off推迟。根据下文“focuses on picking the cheapest(专注于挑选最便宜的)”可知，专注于挑选更便宜的计划，所以就会“推迟”建筑师的选择。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. obvious明显的；B. popular流行的；C. payable应付的；D.available可用的。根据上文第3题的分析和immediately可知，此处是指立即“可用的”项目计划。故D项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. similar相似的；B. particular特别的；C. smooth顺利的；D. flexible灵活的。分析句意再根据空格后的way可知，此处是指事情以“顺利的”方式进展。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过台球游戏可以形象化这个人的目光短浅。A. rudeness无礼；B. carelessness粗心；C. greed贪婪；D. short-sightedness近视、目光短浅。根据上文第一段可知，这个男人做事只考虑当下最省钱的干方法，却陷入了成本问题的困境，所以他是“目光短浅的”。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们专注于击打第一球，而不是考虑如何为下一球的击打。A. position安置；B. advertise登广告；C. kick踢、击打；D. trace追踪。根据上文“We focus on making the first shot(我们专注于击打第一球)”可知，此处是指不考虑下一球的“击打”。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们进行下一次击球时，难度增加了。A. drops掉落；B. increases增加；C. continues继续；D. disappears消失。根据上文第7题的分析可知，不考虑下一球的击打，那么进行下次击球时难度就会“增加”。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们拒绝了每小时500美元的有多年相关经验的律师，选择了每小时200美元的律师。A. recognize辨认；B. employ雇用；C. decline拒绝；D.serve服务。根据下文“choose the $200-an-hour lawyer(选择每小时200美元的律师)”可知，此处是指“拒绝”每小时500元的律师。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不可避免的是，我们迟早会发现自己为这个选择付出代价。A. choice选择；B. adventure冒险；C. target目标；D. strategy策略。根据上文第9题的分析和 paying for可知，此处是指为我们的“选择”付出代价。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在购物时也会这样做。A. collection收集物；B. purchases购买；C. donations捐赠；D. garbage垃圾。分析句意再根据下文的the “cheaper” alternatives可知，此处是指我在“购物”时也会这样做。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：通常，我们选择“便宜”的替代品才会我们意识到自己的错误。A. once一旦；B. unless除非；C. though尽管；D. before之前；……才……。分析句意再根据下文“As the saying goes, buy nice or buy twice. The current cheapness ________means the overall cheapness.”可知，当前的廉价并不意味着整体的廉价，由此可知，买了便宜货我们才会意识到自己的错误——即导致我们买两次才买到质量好的东西。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当前的廉价并不意味着整体的廉价。A. rarely很少、几乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. equally相等地；D. merely仅仅。分析句意再根据下文的the overall cheapness可知，此处是指当前的廉价“并不”意味着整体廉价。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里的主要教训是要着眼于长期后果。A. requirement要求；B. comment评论；C. lesson课、教训；D. standard标准。根据下文“to aim at the long-term consequences(着眼于长期后果)”可知，这是我们得到的“经验、教训”。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：聪明在短期内似乎会赢，但最终无疑会赢的是远见。A. Generosity慷慨；B. Smartness聪明；C. Preservation保护；D. Thoughtfulness体贴。根据下文“but foresight undoubtedly wins in the end(但最终，远见无疑是赢家)”可知，此处是指“聪明”在短期内似乎会赢。故选B项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。
36. To tell __________ truth, John is at __________ loss what to do currently.
A. /; a B. the;/ C. the; a D. /; the
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：说实话，约翰现在不知该怎么办才好。固定搭配to tell the truth意为“说实在的，说实话”；固定搭配at a loss意为“茫然，不知所措”。两个短语皆符合句意。故选C项。
37. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ________ parents sat together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：星期天有很多孩子在公园里玩耍，他们的父母坐在一起开玩笑。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为children，结合从句句子结构分析可知，此处先行词在从句中作定语，因此需要使用关系代词whose，故选B。
38. Drop in on us whenever it is __________ for you. We are looking forward to meeting you at home.
A. free B. spare C. convenient D. available
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你什么时候方便就到我们这儿来坐坐。我们期待着在家里见到你。A. free自由的；B. spare空闲的；C. convenient方便的；D. available可获得的。根据句意可知，表示方便的时候，用形容词convenient。故选C。
39. More often than not, some people around us are getting even richer, whose __________ is not to put all your eggs in one basket.
A. symbol B. recipe C. function D. suffering
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，我们周围的一些人变得更加富有，他们的秘诀是不要把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。A. symbol象征，符号；B. recipe配方，诀窍；C. function功能；D. suffering痛苦，苦难。分析句子可知，这里使用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为some people，关系代词whose替代先行词，空处与some people是物主关系，推知该定语从句在说明一些人变富有的原因、方法等，应用recipe表示“秘诀、诀窍”。故选B。
40. You'd better make extra copies of this important file, __________ you need it for future reference.
A. unless B. in case C. although D. even if
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：你最好额外复制一份重要文件，以防你后期查阅。A. unless除非；B. in case以防；C. although尽管；D. even if即使。根据句意可知，此处意为“以防……”，故应用连词in case，故选B。
【点睛】
41. Sunday roast __________of roast meat, roast potatoes and vegetables is a traditional Britain main meal, __________ served on Sunday.
A. consists; incredibly B. consisted; slightly C. consisted; originally D. consisting; typically
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和副词。句意：周日烤肉由烤肉、烤土豆和蔬菜组成，是英国传统的主菜，通常在周日供应。A. consists; incredibly由……组成；令人难以置信地；B. consisted; slightly由……组成；稍微；C. consisted; originally由……组成；起初；D.consisting; typically由……组成；通常。is是动词，空格1需要作后置定语，被修饰名词Sunday roast和动词consist之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词的现在分词形式；空格2修饰过去分词served，作状语，应用副词形式，结合句意“通常”是 typically。故选D项。
42. The doctor __________ me to spend several days at the seaside, so that I’ll __________ soon.
A. considered; catch up B. hoped; bring up
C. suggested; take up D. recommended; pick up
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和短语辨析。句意：医生建议我到海边去玩几天，这样我就会很快恢复健康。A. considered考虑； catch up赶上；B. hoped希望；bring up养育、提出；C. suggested建议；take up占据；D. recommended推荐；pick up恢复健康。分析句意可知，第一空格处表示医生“建议、推荐”我到海边玩，第二空格处表示我会很快“恢复健康”。故选D项。
43. Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, __________ the neighbors and the house __________ I used to be familiar with were gone.
A. only finding; which B. only to find; that C. to find; where D. found; that
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查不定式和定语从句。句意：去年暑假，我回到家乡，却发现我熟悉的邻居和房子都已经不见了。根据句子分析可知，空1：此处为结果状语，且表示出乎意料的结果，应用不定式(only) to do引导，故填only to find；空2：此处引导定语从句，先行词为the neighbors and the house，定语从句中缺少with的宾语，故应用that引导。故选B。
【点睛】
44. It can be hard for you to imagine what trouble I have had __________ the problems __________ in the meeting __________ last week
A. to deal with; referring to; held B. dealing with; referring to; being held
C. dealing with; referred to; held D. to deal with; referred to; being held
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能很难想象我在处理上周召开的会议中提到的问题时遇到了什么麻烦。第一空是固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth.“做某事有麻烦”，应用动名词形式作宾语，排除A/D项；第二空作problems的后置定语，非谓语动词短语refer to与problems是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动、完成；第三空作meeting的后置定语，非谓语动词hold与meeting是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动、完成。故选C。
45. It is in this very town, __________Tom was born 40 years ago, __________he will build a new school, __________excites everyone in the town.
A. that; that; which B. that; where; that C. where; that; which D. where; when; that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：正是在这个40年前汤姆出生的小镇上，他将建造一所新学校，这使镇上的每个人都感到兴奋。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是town，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导；第二空与前文“It is in this very town”构成强调句，强调地点状语“in this very town”，应用that；第三空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是school，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选C项。
第三节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
46. I was concentrating on reading a novel __________ I heard someone in the distance call my name. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我正在聚精会神地看小说，突然听到远处有人叫我的名字。本句为固定句式：be doing sth when.....“正在做某事。正在那时”。故填when。
47. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a __________ (compete) and stressful society. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】competitive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：原谅和忘记也是一种美德，尤其是在这样一个竞争激烈、压力巨大的社会里。此处与形容词stressful是并列成分，应用形容词competitive“竞争的”，修饰名词society，作定语。故填competitive。
48. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：稍后我会告诉你更多那晚的事，结果是那晚我工作到很晚。分析句子可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是That evening，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用which引导，故填which。
49. If you choose this career, you’ll meet interesting people, earn a good salary and work in pleasant __________ (surround). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】surroundings
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你选择这份工作，你会遇到有趣的人，挣得一份不错的工作，且在愉快的环境里工作。分析句子可知，此处意为“环境”，故应用名词surroundings作宾语，故填surroundings。
50. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge. （用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元，这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。“half of _______ it used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语，故填what。
51. ____ （equip）with global vision and the spirit of innovation is crucial to China's young generation. （用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】Being equipped
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：全球视野和创新精神对于新一代的中国青年来说很重要。句中缺主语，故用动名词短语作主语。词组原为“be equipped with”，但此处该词组作主语，be不能省略，需用being。故填Being equipped。
52. We all ________ some extent remember the good times and forget the bad.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：在某种程度上，我们都会记住美好的时光，忘记糟糕的时光。根据句意可知，此处为介词短语to some extent“在某种程度”，满足句意要求。故填to。
53. Thanks to the new technology, costs __________ (reduce) by 30% over the past year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been reduced
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：多亏了新科技，在过去的一年里，花销减少了30%。根据句子分析可知，空处作谓语，主语为costs，为复数，与reduce之间为被动关系，且根据时间状语over the past year可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been reduced。
54. I suddenly realized that things could have developed in a __________ (dramatic) different way. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】dramatically
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我突然意识到，事情本可以以一种截然不同的方式发展。空处修饰其后的形容词different，需要一个副词作状语，结合所给词和句意，应用dramatically表示“显著地，剧烈地，戏剧性地”。故填dramatically。
55. John couldn’t make out why it was __________ Lucy refused to admit there was a problem in her plan. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：John弄不明白为什么Lucy拒绝承认她的计划存在问题。根据句子分析可知，此处为含有“疑问词+强调句型”作make out的宾语从句，故句型为：特殊疑问词+it was that+其他，故填that。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
56. 假定你是李华，你校交换生Hans在策划“Approaching Chinese Students”栏目，用短视频介绍中学生校园生活，为此咨询你的意见。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.推荐拍摄内容；
2.陈述理由；
3.表达祝愿。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Hans,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Hans,
I am very glad to hear that you are going to introduce high school students’ campus life with short videos.
I’d like you to recommend something to shoot. First of all, I recommend the video of students’ morning exercise to you. I think students’ morning exercise is very important, which affects their mental outlook of the day. Then there are videos of students in class. This is also the most critical period for students, which can show their learning status. Last but not least, there are various extracurricular activities for students. Extracurricular activities discover and develop students’ interests and hobbies.
Finally, I wish your program a success.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你校交换生Hans在策划“Approaching Chinese Students”栏目，用短视频介绍中学生校园生活，为此咨询你的意见。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：推荐拍摄内容；陈述理由；表达祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
重要：important→significant/vital
各种各样的：various → all kinds of/all sorts of
发现：discover→explore
影响：affect→ influence
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Last but not least, there are various extracurricular activities for students. Extracurricular activities discover and develop students’ interests and hobbies.
拓展句：Last but not least, there are various extracurricular activities for students, which discover and develop students’ interests and hobbies.
【点睛】【高分句型1】This is also the most critical period for students, which can show their learning status.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I think students’ morning exercise is very important, which affects the students’ mental outlook of the day.（运用了宾语从句和非限制性定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Broken seashells
It was the summer in mid-July at the Jersey shore. My four-year-old son Will and I just loved heading off to the beach just before dinner when the rest of the vacationers seemed to be leaving for the day. The sun was still hot then and shining brightly.
Bucket in hand, we’d hit the sand and start our adventure. Will would run so quickly to the edge of the water and be soaked before I got there, laughing as the waves crashed and nearly knocked him down. We usually walked along the edge of the water, looking for seashells to fill our red sandcastle-shaped bucket. Some days, the bucket was full, and other days just a few shells made it into the bucket.
On this particular day, there didn’t seem to be too many shells washed up on the shore. Will began picking up whatever shells he saw lying in the sand. After a while, I peered into the bucket and saw nothing but broken shells. “Will, all of these shells are broken and no good. You need to find shells like this,” I explained, as I held up a perfectly shaped clamshell. Will gave me a puzzled look and continued on his way, gathering whatever shells he came across and dropping them into the bucket.
I continued my search for some time, and then stopped to watch him drop more broken shells into the bucket. Again, I stopped, but this time I asked in a stricter voice, “Will, why do you insist on filling our bucket with shells that are broken ” He looked up at me through his glasses with his big blue eyes and replied, “Mom, there are way more shells on the beach that are broken than perfect ones that you are searching for. We’ll get the bucket filled faster with the broken ones.” True, I thought, but who wants a bucketful of broken shells Will stared at me as if he knew what I was thinking. “Mom, these shells are broken, but they are still beautiful,” he explained.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
He began pulling the shells from the bucket and commenting on their uniqueness.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Back home, I decided to preserve the moment of realization with Will.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
He began pulling the shells from the bucket and commenting on their uniqueness. “Look! This one looks like a heart when you hold it this way!” he exclaimed, showing me a shell with an uneven shape. One after another, he introduced to me each broken seashell he had collected, his face lighting up with wonder and appreciation. “Each one of them is indeed one of a kind, darling.” I watched as he arranged the shells in the sand, admiring their extraordinary beauty. It dawned on me that he saw perfection where I saw imperfection.
Back home, I decided to preserve the moment of realization with Will. We washed the sand off each shell carefully with toothbrushes, and then displayed them carefully in the yard. Looking at the “broken shell garden”, Will smiled with great satisfaction. It is a constant reminder that we are all broken in some way, but we still possess beauty and uniqueness beyond belief. As for me, that day on the beach was not just about collecting shells; it was also about my four-year-old teaching me an invaluable lesson that beauty comes in many forms.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和儿子去海滩捡贝壳，作者只捡完好的贝壳，收货很少，而儿子捡破碎的贝壳，让作者很奇怪，因为作者觉得破碎的贝壳是没用的，但是儿子却说每一个破碎的贝壳都是独一无二的，有自己的特点，让作者明白美丽有多种形式。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他开始从桶里取出贝壳，并评论它们的独特性。”可知，第一段可描写作者的儿子讲解他眼中的破碎贝壳是什么样子。
②由第二段首句内容“回到家，我决定保留和威尔在一起的那一刻。”可知，第二段可描写作者接受了儿子捡的破碎贝壳以及自己的感悟。
2. 续写线索：只捡完好贝壳——发现儿子捡破碎的贝壳——质问儿子——儿子讲解——破碎贝壳也有美丽——作者接受破碎贝壳——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①呼喊： exclaim/shout out/yell
②收集：collect/gather
③展示：show/display/showcase
情绪类
①欣赏：appreciation/admiration/enjoyment
②难以置信的：beyond belief/incredible/unbelievable
【点睛】[高分句型1] It dawned on me that he saw perfection where I saw imperfection.(that引导的主语从句)
[高分句型2] As for me, that day on the beach was not just about collecting shells; it was also about my four-year-old teaching me an invaluable lesson that beauty comes in many forms.(that引导的同位语从句)
