2023-2024学年陕西省宝鸡市教育联盟高三（上）段考英语试卷（二）
第一部分听力第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt？A. 19.15.B. 9. 18.C. 9. 15.答案是C。
1．（1.5分） Where does the conversation take place？
A.In a telephone box.
B.In a computer room.
C.In a business hall.
2．（1.5分） What are the speakers talking about？
A.A sports player.
B.A football game.
C.Their favourite sports.
3．（1.5分）What does the woman ask the man to do？
A.Bring a gift.
B.Return something.
C.Have dinner.
4．（1.5分） What does the woman suggest the man do？
A.Forgive the food deliveryman.
B.Place his order as early as possible.
C.Give the food deliveryman a thumbs﹣up（好评）.
5．（1.5分） Whatis the probable relationship between the speakers？
A.Husband and wife.
B.Boss and secretary.
C.Workmates.
第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6．（3分）（1）What did the man buy？
A.Shoes.
B.Ties.
C.Pants.
（2）What does the man think of the shop assistant？
A.Rude.
B.Annoying.
C.Helpful.
7．（3分）（1）Which room will the man live in？
A.The guest room.
B.The living room.
C.The woman's bedroom.
（2）How will the man come to London？
A.By air.
B.By train.
C.By car.
8．（4.5分）（1）When will the man graduate from college？
A.After four years.
B.After three years.
C.After one year.
（2）What is the man going to take a science course？
A.He's thinking of becoming a science major.
B.He has become interested in science.
C.It is required for graduation.
（3）What course will the man take？
A.Biology.
B.Geology.
C.Astronomy.
9．（6分）（1）What is the colour of the woman's side of the room？
A.Blue.
B.Pink.
C.White.
（2）What does the man say about his brother Max？
A.Max is younger than him.
B.Max will graduate from university soon.
C.Max allows him to use his electronic equipment.
（3）How did the woman feel when her sister went camping last week？
A.Excited.
B.Lonely.
C.Worried.
（4）What is hard for the man when his brother is in the room？
A.Playing music loudly.
B.Playing with his friends freely.
C.Doing his homework peacefully.
10．（6分）（1）What do people usually have on a bucket list？
A.Exciting plans and ideas.
B.Things to make the most of life.
C.Things they want to do before death.
（2）What did Helen begin to do after knowing she had cancer？
A.Make a bucket list.
B.Learn to draw.
C.Write books.
（3）How many things were on Helen's list for living？
A.Five.
B.Forty﹣five.
C.Fifty.
（4）What is the speaker's advice？
A.Not waiting until tomorrow to do something.
B.Being more careful when making a plan.
C.Not following someone else's ideas.
第二部分阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
11．（6分） Oil spills（泄漏） are common.When they happen，they can cause a lot of damage.
How Oil Spills Happen
Oil is a fossil fuel.It's used in gasoline.That powers boats，cars，and trucks.It's also used to make things.Some plastics，paints，and makeups are made with oil.Oil can be found below the ocean floor.Machines drill beneath the ocean.Then the oil is pumped out.This is called extraction（开采）.It's one way oil can accidentally leak.Oil spills can also be caused by transporting or moving oil.
Impacting the Environment
In the United States，thousands of oil spills happen each year.It can take years to clean up after a large spill.But even small leaks and spills can cause damage.Oil spills can have long﹣lasting effects.They hurt wildlife.Birds get oil on their feathers.They can't fly.Sea otters（海獭） get oil in their fur.This makes it hard for them to stay warm.Oil creates poisonous gas.This makes it hard for whales to breathe.
Larger oil spills are a danger for people and wildlife.Spilled oil must be removed from the environment.Emergency response teams are called in to do the work.There are several ways to clean up oil spills.
●Shoreline flushing（冲刷）.Pipes flush oil from the shore.The oil is washed into the water.It's more easily collected there.
●Booms.Booms are floating barriers.They are used to stop oil from spreading on the water's surface.
●Sorbents.Sorbents act like sponges（海绵）.They absorb oil but do not pick up water.
●Burning.Newly spilled oil can be set on fire.This helps remove the oil that is floating on the water.
（1）What can we know about oil spills？
A.They are uncommon.
B.They are easy to clean up.
C.They affect the environment.
D.They are not a danger for people.
（2）What's the influence of oil spills on sea otters？
A.They can't swim.
B.They can't breathe.
C.They can't find enough food.
D.They can hardly stay warm.
（3）What can be used to keep oil from spreading on the water's surface？
A.Pipes.
B.Booms.
C.Sponges.
D.Boats.
12．（8分） A famously strange statue in the city of Oxford，England recently received official protection as a historic landmark.But，Magnus Hanson﹣Heine，the son of the man who built the artwork，is not happy about the special recognition.
The statue is a 7.6﹣metre﹣tall model of a shark.The strange part is in the statue's positioning up on the top of the Hanson﹣Heine house.It appears from the street as if the huge fish dove straight through the home's roof.Magnus Hanson﹣Heine's father，Bill Heine，put up the sculpture in 1986 as a protest against war and nuclear weapons.He worked on the art programme with his friend，sculptor John Buckley.
Bill Heine was an American who studied law at the University of Oxford and made the town his home.He got the idea for the sculpture after he heard American warplanes fly over his house one night in April 1986.The next morning，he learned that the planes had been on their way to bomb Tripoli，Libya.
The men exhibited the sculpture on August 9 to mark the 41st anniversary of the atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima，Japan. "The image of a shark crashing through the home captured the shock the common people must feel when bombs crash into their homes，" Magnus Hanson﹣Hein e said.
Magnus Hanson﹣Heine calls the local government's declaration about the sculpture funny.His father，he explained，never sought nor accepted permission to put up the shark."In fact，he strongly believed，"his son said，"that the government should not decide what art the public should see."And，Hanson﹣Heine noted，the same local council that has declared the shark historic and protected，had spent years seeking its removal.
"The shark's anti﹣war message is just as important today，" Hanson﹣Heine said. "While that message is serious，the strange sculpture that rises over the otherwise normal street brings some fun and laughter as well."
（1）Why did Bill Heine build the artwork？
A.To beautify his own house.
B.To cause some fun and laughter.
C.To fight against war and nuclear weapons.
D.To mark the atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima，Japan.
（2）What do we know about Bill Heíne？
A.He was from America.
B.He made the lawyer his profession.
C.It took him nearly half a year to finish the statue.
D.His attempt to place the shark on the roof was once refused.
（3）Why was Hanson﹣Heine dissatisfied with the local government？
A.The government didn't allow his father to keep sharks.
B.The local government had been tryíng to remove the artwork.
C.The government did not discuss it with him before making the decision.
D.The artwork was extremely common and did not need government protection.
（4）Which is the best description of the sculpture？
A.It is a 6.7﹣metre﹣tall shark model.
B.It was put up by Magnus Hanson﹣Heine and his father.
C.It was inspired by the sharks raised by Magnus Hanson﹣Heine's father.
D.The image caught people's shock when bombs hit their homes.
13．（8分） For 14 years，Kerry Mellin commuted（通勤）40 miles to her job.On a good day，the drive took 75 minutes. "On bad traffic days，it was easily two hours，"she says. "The road rage was real.I felt trapped and my back pain was killing me."
No productivity expert advocates the benefits of morning anger and back pain.But exactly how a long trip such as Mellin's affects the workday hasn't been fully understood.New research from Dartmouth helps quantify the cost of commuting on performance. "Your commute predicts your day，"says Andrew Campbell，lead researcher of the study.
Before the pandemic，275 information workers（45% of them were employed by tech companies） across the US were equipped with fitness tracking devices；subjects were monitored around the clock for a year.Most of them，94%，commuted by car，with trips averaging 40 to 60 minutes.The sensors tracked details such as heart rate and sleep，as well as environmental information like weather.
The data showed that a rough morning commute acts as a first falling domino（多米诺骨牌），with ill effects felt down the line. "Commuting，especially if it's not well﹣planned and predictable，raises stress levels，"says co﹣author Pino Audia，a professor of management and organizations at Dartmouth's Tuck School of Business.
The researchers found that commutes involving more physical activity，such as walking or bicycling，connected with less stress and better performance at work.Performance was measured by tracking dozens of behaviours both productive（helping co﹣workers，volunteering for assignments，skipping breaks to finish work） and counterproductive （leaving early，excessive breaks，working slowly）.
Participants self﹣reported，and 110 of the 275 were considered"low performers". （There was no conclusion for why the connection exists；the researchers' focus was simply on measuring it.）
Another finding：no matter how a worker commuted，those who left their homes or offices at the same times each morning and afternoon and took the same route performed better than commuters who alternated departures and varied their routes.This confirms the Dartmouth team's previous findings that higher performers have more consistent daily routines.
（1）What does the underlined word"rage"in paragraph 1 mean？
A.Traffic.
B.Accident.
C.Anger.
D.Construction.
（2）What's the main idea of paragraph 3？
A.The result of the research.
B.The process of the research.
C.The subject of the research.
D.The limitation of the research.
（3）What can we infer from the text？
A.Slow workers prefer to play dominoes.
B.Pino Audia is good at planning his commuting.
C.A bad commute can set the tone for the entire day.
D.Workers should leave their homes early to avoid traffic jam.
（4）What's the finding of the new research？
A.Walking is beneficial to workers' health.
B.Physical activity will help avoid stress.
C.Higher performers have more consistent daily routines.
D.Cycling to work will probably bring productive behaviours.
14．（8分） Pollution of the world's rivers from medicines and pharmaceutical（制药的） products poses a"threat to environmental and global health"，a report says.
Various drugs were widely detected in a University of York study.The research is among the most extensive conducted on a global scale.Rivers in Pakistan，Bolivia and Ethiopia were among the most polluted.Rivers in Iceland，Norway and Amazon Rainforest were the least polluted.
The impact of many of the most common pharmaceutical substances in rivers is still largely unknown.But it is already well established that dissolved human contraceptives（避孕药）can impact the development and reproduction of fish，and scientists fear the increased presence of antibiotics（抗生素） in rivers could limit their effectiveness as medicines.
The study took samples from more than 1，000 test sites in more than 100 countries.Overall，more than a quarter of the 258 rivers sampled had what are known as "active pharmaceutical ingredients"present at a level considered unsafe for life in water.
"Typically，what happens is，we take these chemicals，they have some desired effects on us and then they leave our bodies，"Dr.John Wilkinson，who led the research，said. "What we know now is that even the most modern efficient wastewater treatment plants aren't completely capable of removing these substances before they end up in rivers or lakes."
The report said the increased presence of antibiotics in rivers could also lead to the development of resistant bacteria，damaging the effectiveness of medicines and finally posing "a global threat to environmental and global health".
The most polluted sites were largely in low﹣income to middle﹣income countries，and in areas where there was poor wastewater management and pharmaceutical production. "This is most concerning because you have the weakest populations with the least access to healthcare exposed to this，"said Dr.Mohamed Abdallah from the UK's Birmingham University.
On the question of what can be done，Dr.Wilkinson suggested，"One of the few things that could have an effect right now is the proper use of medicines."That would mean making it harder to get hold of medicines like antibiotics，and tougher restrictions on doses（剂量）.
（1）In which county were rivers the least polluted？
A.Pakistan.
B.Bolivia.
C.Ethiopia.
D.Iceland.
（2）How does the author support his point in paragraph 4？
A.By listing figures.
B.By giving examples.
C.By comparing different facts.
D.By debating and concluding.
（3）What's Dr.Mohamed Abdallah's attitude to people in poor countries？
A.Positive.
B.Hateful.
C.Worried.
D.Unconcerned.
（4）What's the best title of the text？
A.How to Deal with the Pollution in the Rivers
B.The Proper Use of Medicines such as Antibiotics
C.Most Rivers in the World Have Been Polluted Seriously
D.Pharmaceutical Products Left in Rivers Threaten Creatures and People's Health
第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
15．（10分）Persistence （坚持） is a hot topic among education researchers these days and for good reason：It's critical for success in school and beyond.Here are five tips for developing this quality in your child.
Let them play.
Just like adults，kids tend to work harder when they love what they're doing.What's the best way to help your child discover what they're passionate about？ （1） So if your child's curiosity is inspired by any topic from acrobatics （杂技） to zoology，you can support their interest by offering additional exposure to that subject.
Help them practise self﹣control.
（2） Studies have shown that higher levels of self﹣control early in life predict how well kids do academically，as well as a host of other positive outcomes including adult earnings，savings，and physical health.
Aim high.
Many studies have shown that kids work harder and do better when their teacher has high expectations for them. （3） High achievers who persevere in the face of challenges tend to come from families with high standards for their academic success and a home environment that supports learning.
Praise the process.
A previous research shows that when children are praised for their intelligence or talents，they avoid challenges.But when children are praised for hard work that paid off，they are more likely to seek out challenges and keep going when things get tough. （4）
Extracurricular help.
Activities outside of regular school hours，such as sports，drama，debate，or music，are a great context for learning how to work hard at something over time.Research shows that students who participate in extracurricular activities get better grades and have higher self﹣esteem （自尊），lower rates of depression，and lower dropout rates than students who don't. （5） Kids who stick with the same activity for two years are more likely to increase their possibilities of employment soon after college.
A．Parental expectations matter，too.
B．Let them explore freely and widely.
C．They are more motivated and successful.
D．Switching from person﹣praise to process﹣praise is easy.
E．Hard goals can help your child focus their attention and work harder.
F．Self﹣control is closely related to the ability to work toward a goal over time.
G．Kids who devote one year to the same activity are more likely to graduate from college.
第三部分语言知识运用第一节阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
16．（30分） As she approached 97，Gwen Erickson from Minnesota began raising one of America's most popular，yet endangered，butterflies — the Monarch.Last year the grandmother （1） to raise 27 butterflies and this year the （2） has gone up to 61.
While some might say that nature should be left to （3） itself，the butterflies' population is （4） rapidly and is in need of a little extra help. （5） ，that love and devotion is exactly what the 97﹣year﹣old is able to （6） for her little winged friends.
T he whole process is a little （7） ，beginning with collecting eggs from the milkweed leaves that grow in her backyard.Four days after Erickson placed the eggs in jars on her living﹣room table，the caterpillar （毛毛虫） appeared，and then，within several weeks，formed a chrysalis （蛹）.A fortnight later the beautiful butterfly （8） .Erickson then released the butterflies into the wild，but a couple seemed a little （9） to leave their loving home and （10） the senior by flying around the house.
When （11） her first attempt to raise the butterflies，Erickson said she hoped it could enable her grandchildren to （12） an interest in these beautiful insects. （13） ，it's her who has found the pleasure in raising butterflies in the end.
Normally Erickson doesn't like to talk about herself and what she does，but she does this time as she wants to （14） others to care for this endangered species.Happily a friend and her son have joined her in her newfound （15） and hopefully we will see a（n） （16） in those decreasing numbers.
This new （17） ，started so late in life，is a fine example of people （18） the smaller things in life.And it （19） us that it's never too late to be （20） in life.
（1）A.decided B.desired C.managed D.expected
（2）A.number B.size C.type D.variety
（3）A.suit B.study C.feed D.sustain
（4）A.aging B.declining C.increasing D.moving
（5）A.Regretfully B.Hopefully C.Thankfully D.Unfortunately
（6）A.provide B.fight C.seek D.charge
（7）A.money﹣saving B.labour﹣demanding C.energy﹣efficient D.time﹣consuming
（8）A.sped up B.turned up C.woke up D.grew up
（9）A.impatient B.delighted C.nervous D.unwilling
（10）A.accompanied B.attended C.greeted D.followed
（11）A.evaluating B.analyzing C.recalling D.conducting
（12）A.revise B.develop C.keep D.express
（13）A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.However
（14）A.allow B.encourage C.persuade D.invite
（15）A.passion B.business C.dream D.world
（16）A.opportunity B.result C.change D.inspiration
（17）A.hobby B.habit C.routine D.exercise
（18）A.relying on B.asking for C.calling on D.caring for
（19）A.promises B.reminds C.warns D.convinces
（20）A.successful B.generous C.optimistic D.purposeful
第二节阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
17．（15分）One of the most important parts of a college application for American high school students is their list of "extra﹣curricular activities".A student might be a member of a sports team or spend time taking part （1） a school's theatre programme，American high school students usually finish （2） （they） college application in January.They also visit universities and take tests like the SAT.But this year is different.Because of COVID﹣19，they take video campus tours.Universities that used to talk to possible students （3） （personal） do so by video call，instead.Along with （4） （write） applications，universities ask students to send a video （5） （introduce）.Some schools ask students to write about how the pandemic （流行病） has changed their lives.
One student （6） life has been different is 18﹣year﹣old Bekele.She says she wants to be an engineer and is eager （7） （go） to a university that offers good science classes.Attending school online （8） （be） hard for her over the last 10 months，especially in science （9） maths classes that require a lot of help from teachers.She also misses the support of adults at her school who can help with college application.She is really worried about （10） （complete） her application.
第四部分写作第一节短文改错
18．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Madison Glinski was very kind.She started to play the violin when she was 4 year old.Last year，Madison makes a New Year's resolution （正式决定） to help poor children.She decided try to raise 500 for a children's hospital.At the first she just had her violin case open for donations.Then she made a sign say that she was doing it for poor children.After the sign was made，more and more generously people gave their money away.Sometimes people left 20，that was astonishing.Madison also raised money by selling his own toys.Madison had a special passion for helping other.Though she had only a small amount of money，Madison bought lots of toys，shoes and clothes for the poor children on Africa.
第二节书面表达
19．（25分）假定你是杭州红星中学的高三学生李华，为了让来校交流的美国学生更好地了解中国和中国文化，你校组织美国学生到京杭大运河的杭州段参观。现在学校招聘导游，请你用英语写一封信给国际部负责人，应聘这个职位。内容包括：
（1）写信目的；
（2）你的优势；
（3）你的期待。
参考词汇：京杭大运河the Beijing﹣Hangzhou Grand Canal
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam，
_____
Yours，
Li Hua
2023-2024学年陕西省宝鸡市教育联盟高三（上）段考英语试卷（二）
参考答案与试题解析
第一部分听力第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt？A. 19.15.B. 9. 18.C. 9. 15.答案是C。
1．【解答】C（Text 1）
W：Excuse me，sir.I've been here for nearly 20 minutes just to pay my telephone bill.
M：I'm very sorry，but our computer system is not working at the moment.
2．【解答】A（Text 2）
M：Wow!What a great shot!He's such a talented football player.
W：Yeah，he is great.I know he's good at lots of sports.He can also play rugby well and he is even a top tennis
player.
3．【解答】C（Text 3）
M：It's really nice of you to cook for me tonight.
W：I'm glad to do it.You've been so helpful，and it's only fair that I return the favour.I hope you've brought
your appetite.
4．【解答】A（Te.xt 4）
M：I placed a takeaway order an hour ago，but the food deliveryman hasn't arrived yet.According to the policy，
I can give him a thumbs﹣ down.
W：Don't be so mean.It's pouring down outside and I don't think it is his fault.
5．【解答】C（Text 5）
M：I emailed Kevin and asked him to approve my vacation days a week ago，but I haven't got his reply yet.
W：Why don't you just ask him in person？I saw him walk into his office just now.
M：I don't know...He's such a difficult person to talk to.
第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6．【解答】AB（Text 6）
W：James，did you buy something？
M：Some shoes.But I didn't enjoy the shopping.
W：What's wrong？
M：The shop assistant followed me around and offered too many suggestions.
W：Oh，that doesn't sound good.
M：She kept saying things like "I think this tie goes well with your shirt" and"Why don't you try the pants？"
Why didn't she just leave me alone？
W：Some shop assistants are just like that.Anyway，they are better than the rude ones.
7．【解答】CA（Text 7）
M：Hello，this is Frank.
W：Hello，Uncle Frank，this is Mary.We re looking forward to seeing you for Thanksgiving.
M：Oh，Mary.That's why I'm calling.Are you sure there will be enough room for me in your home？I
remember there isn't a guest room there.
W：Right，but I'll be sleeping on the sofa in the living room and you can sleep in my bed.We ve prepared
everything well.
M：That's good.I didn't get the train ticket so I bought an air ticket.I will arrive in London on the morning of
Thanksgiving.See you then.
W：My dad said he would pick you up at the airport and drive you to my home.We'll see you at home.
8．【解答】CCB（Text 8）
M：Margaret，I need your advice.
W：What's up，Paul？
M：Well，I've put off my science requirement for three years.
W：And if you want to graduate this year，you've got to take a science course.
M：Right.I think you know about various courses.
W：Well，I have to take biology，chemistry，maths and physics.What you need is a course for non﹣science
majors.
M：Yes，I'm really weak in science.I did poorly in it in high school.
W：Then you'd better avoid chemistry and physics.W hat about biology？
M：The problem is the lab.I'm sick of doing experiments on the bodies of animals.
W：That's a problem.What about astronomy？Everybody says Dr.Kooley is great.I'd take the course myself if
1 had the time.
M：That's what I thought I'd take.But it meets at the same time as my dance course.
W：Geology is pretty interesting and cutting up rocks shouldn't bother you.
M：That's a good idea.It even fits my hobby of mountain climbing.Thanks a lot.
9．【解答】ACBC（Text 9）.
M：Hi，Miranda.
W：Hi，Jamie.I'm helping Mum paint my bedroom at home﹣ the one I share with my younger sister.
M：Oh，how's it going？
W：Not well.We can't agree!My sister and I both have got our own side of the room.I mean，my side is blue，
with pop posters all over the wall.But her side is white with pink dolls.
M：I share with my elder brother Max.He lets me use his laptop，music player.. .everything.
W：To be honest，she went camping last week，and I really missed her.I found it wasn't so nice being in our
room on my own.I hadn't expected that.
M：I know what you mean.My brother's going to university soon，and the room will seem empty.Still，at least
I'll be able to get on with my homework in peace﹣﹣ it's hard at the moment，as he's often in the room，too.
W：Well，my sister likes playing with her friends outside，so it's OK.But when she's not at home，I have no
one to talk to about my problems.
M：That's true.We wouldn't feel that if we didn't share rooms.
W：So sharing does have good points.
10．【解答】CACA（Text 10）
Now many of us write a list of things we'd like to do before we die.Such a list，often called a bucket list，
is unlimited.You can write a few or many things on it as you like.
Bucket lists can be exciting and help us plan our life and give us focus.
They also help make us less
worried.When reporter Helen knew she was suffering from cancer，she took comfort in drawing up a bucket
list.She called it her list for living because these were things for making the most of life.Sadly，she was not
able to do all of her 50 things before she died at the age of 45.
It's probably true that a list can encourage people to follow someone else's idea of the perfect life.And also，
following a fixed list of goals makes us more careful.But why not at least dream of what we would like to do？
Whether we want to plan it or just see what happens，we don't know what tomorrow will bring to us，so maybe
we should live for today.
第二部分阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
11．【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二部分Impacting the Environment（影响环境）可知，海洋中，石油泄露会影响环境。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二部分Sea otters（海獭） get oil in their fur.This makes it hard for them to stay warm.（海獭的毛皮粘上石油。这让它们很难保暖）可知，海洋石油泄露可能会使海獭的毛皮很难保暖。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章最后部分●Booms.Booms are floating barriers.They are used to stop oil from spreading on the water's surface.（Booms是漂浮的屏障。它们被用来阻止油在水面上扩散。）可知Booms可以用来阻止石油在海上的扩散。故选B。
12．【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Magnus Hanson﹣Heine's father，Bill Heine，put up the sculpture in 1986 as a protest against war and nuclear weapons.（马格努斯 汉森﹣海涅的父亲比尔 海涅在1986年竖起了这座雕像，以示对战争和核武器的抗议。）可知，这座雕塑制作的目的是抗议战争和核武器。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Bill Heine was an American who studied law at the University of Oxford and made the town his home.（比尔 海涅是一个美国人，他曾在牛津大学学习法律，并把家安在了这个镇上。）可知，由于语篇中没有提及他的职业，不能确定他是否为律师，但可以确定他来自美国。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段Hanson﹣Heine noted，the same local council that has declared the shark historic and protected，had spent years seeking its removal（宣布这座鲨鱼雕像具有历史意义并受到保护的地方议会，多年来一直在寻求方法把它移走。）可知汉森 海涅对当地政府不满，因为当地政府一直试图移除这些艺术品。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据第四段"The image of a shark crashing through the home captured the shock the common people must feel when bombs crash into their homes，"Magnus Hanson﹣Heine said.（马格努斯 汉森﹣海涅说："鲨鱼冲进房屋的画面捕捉到了普通人在炸弹袭击他们的房屋时一定会感到的震惊。"）可知，马格努斯 汉森 海涅认为鲨鱼冲进房屋的画面能够让普通百姓体会到炸弹砸进他们家时的震惊感受。因此D.The image caught people's shock when bombs hit their homes.（当炸弹击中他们的家时，这幅图像引起了人们的震惊。）符合题意。故选D。
13．【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据第二段No productivity expert advocates the benefits of morning anger and back pain.（没有一位生产力专家提倡早上生气和背痛的好处。）中"anger"的提示可知划线词意思是"愤怒"。A.Traffic.交通；B.Accident.意外；C.Anger.生气；D.Construction.建设。故选C。
（2）段落大意题。根据第三段Before the pandemic，275 information workers（45% of them were employed by tech companies） across the US were equipped with fitness tracking devices；subjects were monitored around the clock for a year.Most of them，94%，commuted by car，with trips averaging 40 to 60 minutes.The sensors tracked details such as heart rate and sleep，as well as environmental information like weather.（在疫情之前，美国各地有275名信息工作者（其中45%受雇于科技公司）配备了健身跟踪设备受试者接受了一年的全天候监测。他们中的大多数人（94%）开车通勤，平均行程40到60分钟。传感器跟踪心率和睡眠等细节，以及天气等环境信息。）第三段主要讲此次研究的过程，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段The data showed that a rough morning commute acts as a first falling domino，with ill effects felt down the line（数据显示，早上通勤的艰难就像第一块倒下的多米诺骨牌，随之而来的是不良影响）可知，数据显示，早上糟糕的通勤就像是第一个倒下的多米诺骨牌，对整个过程都会产生不良影响。由此可以推测出：糟糕的通勤状况会为一整天定下基调。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据第五段The researchers found that commutes involving more physical activity，such as walking or bicycling，connected with less stress and better performance at work.（研究人员发现，通勤需要更多的体育活动，如步行或骑自行车，这与压力更小和工作表现更好有关。）可知，骑自行车上班可能会使工作效率变高。故选D。
14．【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Rivers in Pakistan，Bolivia and Ethiopia were among the most polluted.（巴基斯坦、玻利维亚和埃塞俄比亚的河流污染最为严重。）可知Iceland河流污染最少。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据本段中出现的"l，000 test sites""100 countries""258 rivers"等词可以推测出作者是通过列数字的方式来证明自己的观点的。故选A。
（3）观点态度题。根据第七段Dr.Mohamed Abdallah所说的话This is most concerning because you have the weakest populations with the least access to healthcare exposed to this（这是最令人担忧的，因为你的人口最脆弱，获得医疗保健的机会最少）可以得知，Dr.Mohamed Abdallah对于贫穷国家的人们的态度是担忧的。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。文章主要讲：药品残留威胁水生生物和人类健康。所以"D.Pharmaceutical Products Left in Rivers Threaten Creatures and People's Health残留在河流中的药品威胁着生物和人类的健康"为最佳标题。故选D。
第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
15．【解答】（1）联系上文题。根据前句What's the best way to help your child discover what they're passionate about？（帮助你的孩子发现他们所热爱的东西的最好方法是什么？）可知，空处应该是此问题的回答，即帮助你的孩子发现他们热衷于什么的最佳方式是让他们自由而广泛地探索。所以选择项B"让他们自由而广泛地探索。"符合上下文语境。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据本段小标题Help them practise self﹣control.（帮助他们练习自我控制。）和后句Studies have shown that higher levels of self﹣control early in life predict how well kids do academically，as well as a host of other positive outcomes including adult earnings，savings，and physical health.（研究表明，在生命早期较高水平的自制力可以预测孩子的学业成绩，以及其他一系列积极成果，包括成年后的收入、储蓄和身体健康。）可知，这里介绍自我控制的好处，特别与未来密切相关。所以选择项F"自我控制与长期朝着目标努力的能力密切相关。"符合上下文语境。故选F。
（3）推理判断题。根据前句Many studies have shown that kids work harder and do better when their teacher has high expectations for them.（许多研究表明，当老师对他们有很高的期望时，孩子们会更加努力，表现得更好。）和本段标题Aim high.（高目标。）可知，本段主要讲要对孩子期望高一些，空前讲到老师对孩子有很高的期望，空处应该提到家庭的作用。所以选择项A"父母的期望也很重要。"符合上下文语境。故选A。
（4）联系上文题。根据前句But when children are praised for hard work that paid off，they are more likely to seek out challenges and keep going when things get tough.（但当孩子们因为努力工作而得到表扬时，他们更有可能寻求挑战，并在遇到困难时继续前进。）可知，此处讲了赞扬孩子的好处，空处应该承接上文，继续讲赞扬孩子的好处。所以选择项C"他们更有动力，更成功。"符合上下文语境。故选C。
（5）推理判断题。根据本段小标题Extracurricular help.（课外的帮助。）和后句Kids who stick with the same activity for two years are more likely to increase their possibilities of employment soon after college.（在同一项活动中坚持两年的孩子更有可能在大学毕业后不久就增加就业机会。）可知，这里介绍课外活动对学业的帮助，与后一句构成递进。所以选择项G"花一年时间从事同样活动的孩子更有可能从大学毕业。"符合上下文语境。故选G。
第三部分语言知识运用第一节阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
16．【解答】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.decided决定；B.desired期望；C.managed设法做到；D.expected预期。句意：去年，这位祖母设法养了27只蝴蝶，今年的数量已经上升到61只。根据下文"to raise 27 butterflies and this year the（2）has gone up to 61."可知，此处指她设法养了27只蝴蝶。固定搭配manage to do sth."设法成功做某事：成功完成或达成某事，尽管可能存在困难或挑战"。故选C。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.number数量；B.size尺寸；C.type类型；D.variety品种。句意：去年，这位祖母设法养了27只蝴蝶，今年的数量已经上升到61只。根据上文"Last year the grandmother（1）to raise 27 butterflies"及空后"has gone up to 61."可知，此处指她养的蝴蝶的数量已经上升到61只。故选A。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.suit适合；B.study研究；C.feed喂养；D.sustain维持。句意：虽然有些人可能会说，应该让大自然来维持自己，但蝴蝶的数量正在迅速下降，需要一点额外的帮助。根据上文"While some might say that nature should be left to"及常识可知，有些人认为应该让大自然来维持自己。故选D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.aging老化；B.declining下降；C.increasing增加；D.moving移动。句意：虽然有些人可能会说，应该让大自然来维持自己，但蝴蝶的数量正在迅速下降，需要一点额外的帮助。根据上文"As she approached 97，Gwen Erickson from Minnesota began raising one of America's most popular，yet endangered，butterflies — the Monarch."可知，这种濒危的蝴蝶的数量正在迅速下降。故选B。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.Regretfully遗憾地；B.Hopefully有希望地；C.Thankfully值得庆幸的是；D.Unfortunately不幸的是。句意：值得庆幸的是，这种爱和奉献正是这位97岁的老人能为她的小翅膀朋友们提供的。根据下文"that love and devotion is exactly what the 97﹣year﹣old is able to（6）for her little winged friends."可知，这是值得庆幸的事情。故选C。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.provide提供；B.fight打架；C.seek寻找；D.charge充电。句意：值得庆幸的是，这种爱和奉献正是这位97岁的老人能为她的小翅膀朋友们提供的。根据上文"that love and devotion is exactly what the 97﹣year﹣old is able to"可知，此处指为她的小翅膀朋友们提供的爱和奉献。固定搭配provide sth.for sb."为某人提供某物"。故选A。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.money﹣saving省钱的；B.labour﹣demanding劳动要求高；C.energy﹣efficient节能的；D.time﹣consuming耗时的。句意：整个过程有点耗时，从她后院生长的马利筋叶子中收集卵子开始。根据下文"beginning with collecting eggs from the milkweed leaves that grow in her backyard.Four days after Erickson placed the eggs in jars on her living﹣room table，the caterpillar （毛毛虫） appeared，and then，within several weeks，formed a chrysalis （蛹）."可知，整个过程有点耗时。故选D。
（8）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.sped up加速；B.turned up出现；C.woke up醒来；D.grew up长大。句意：两个星期后，美丽的蝴蝶出现了。根据上文"Four days after Erickson placed the eggs in jars on her living﹣room table，the caterpillar （毛毛虫） appeared，and then，within several weeks，formed a chrysalis （蛹）."可知，此处指毛毛虫最终破"蛹"而出，化为美丽的蝴蝶。turn up符合语境。故选B。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.impatient不耐烦的；B.delighted高兴的；C.nervous紧张的；D.unwilling不情愿的。句意：然后，埃里克森把蝴蝶放飞到野外，但一对蝴蝶似乎有点不愿离开它们可爱的家，陪着老人在房子里飞来飞去。根据下文"by flying around the house"可知，在埃里克森将她所养的帝王蝶放飞之后，有一些似乎有点"不愿意"离开。故选D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.accompanied陪伴；B.attended出席；C.greeted迎接；D.followed遵循。句意：然后，埃里克森把蝴蝶放飞到野外，但一对蝴蝶似乎有点不愿离开它们可爱的家，陪着老人在房子里飞来飞去。根据下文"by flying around the house"可知，一些不愿离开的帝王蝶一直绕着埃里克森的房子飞舞，陪伴着老人。故选A。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.evaluating评估；B.analyzing分析；C.recalling回忆；D.conducting实施。句意：当回忆起她第一次尝试饲养蝴蝶时，埃里克森说她希望这能让她的孙子们对这些美丽的昆虫产生兴趣。根据下文"her first attempt to raise the butterflies"可知，此处指回忆她第一次试着去养帝王蝶时的情形。故选C。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.revise修订；B.develop产生；C.keep保管；D.express表达。句意：当回忆起她第一次尝试饲养蝴蝶时，埃里克森说她希望这能让她的孙子们对这些美丽的昆虫产生兴趣。根据下文"an interest in these beautiful insects"可知，此处指对这些美丽的昆虫产生兴趣。故选B。
（13）考查副词及语境理解。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.Meanwhile同时；D.However然而。句意：然而，最终是她发现了养蝴蝶的乐趣。前后句意存在转折关系，应用转折副词however。故选D。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.allow允许；B.encourage鼓励；C.persuade说服；D.invite邀请。句意：通常埃里克森不喜欢谈论自己和她的工作，但这次她这样做是因为她想鼓励其他人关心这种濒危物种。根据下文"others to care for this endangered species"可知，此处指她想鼓励其他人关心这种濒危物种。固定搭配encourage sb.to do sth."鼓励某人做某事"。故选B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.passion热情；B.business业务；C.dream梦想；D.world世界。句意：令人高兴的是，一位朋友和她的儿子加入了她的新热情，希望我们能看到这些递减的数字发生变化。根据上文"As she approached 97，Gwen Erickson from Minnesota began raising one of America's most popular，yet endangered，butterflies — the Monarch."和"it's her who has found the pleasure in raising butterflies in the end"可知，她对这些美丽的昆虫产生兴趣，拯救帝王蝶是她喜欢做的事，即这是她的热情，此处指别人也加入到她的热情中。故选A。
（16）考查名词及语境理解。A.opportunity机会；B.result结果；C.change变化；D.inspiration灵感。句意：令人高兴的是，一位朋友和她的儿子加入了她的新热情，希望我们能看到这些递减的数字发生变化。根据上文"Last year the grandmother（1）to raise 27 butterflies and this year the（2）has gone up to 61."可知，此处指经过人们的努力拯救，这一正在急剧减少的物种的数量有望出现变化。故选C。
（17）考查名词及语境理解。A.hobby爱好；B.habit习惯；C.routine常规；D.exercise锻炼。句意：这个很晚才开始的新爱好，是人们关心生活中小事的一个很好的例子。根据上文"As she approached 97，Gwen Erickson from Minnesota began raising one of America's most popular，yet endangered，butterflies — the Monarch."可知，此处指她养帝王蝶这一爱好开始的晚。故选A。
（18）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.relying on依赖；B.asking for要求；C.calling on呼吁；D.caring for关心。句意：这个很晚才开始的新爱好，是人们关心生活中小事的一个很好的例子。根据上文语境可知，拯救帝王蝶是她喜欢做的事，可得出她关心生活中的小事。故选D。
（19）考查动词及语境理解。A.promises承诺；B.reminds提醒；C.warns警告；D.convinces使确信。句意：它提醒我们，在生活中树立目标永远不会太晚。根据下文"that it's never too late to be（20）in life."可知，这是她的举动给我们的提醒。故选B。
（20）考查形容词及语境理解。A.successful成功的；B.generous慷慨的；C.optimistic乐观的；D.purposeful有目标的。句意：它提醒我们，在生活中树立目标永远不会太晚。根据上文"As she approached 97，Gwen Erickson from Minnesota began raising one of America's most popular，yet endangered，butterflies — the Monarch."可知，老太太在九十七岁的高龄还在为拯救帝王蝶这一濒危物种忙碌，这是"有目标的"生活的体现。所以，她的举动也提醒我们，为了目标而努力多晚都不迟。故选D。
第二节阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
17．【解答】（1）考查动词短语。句意：学生可能是运动队的成员，或者花时间参加学校的戏剧节目，美国高中生通常在一月份完成他们的大学申请。根据句意可知，此处表示"参加"，应用take part in。故填in。
（2）考查代词。句意：学生可能是运动队的成员，或者花时间参加学校的戏剧节目，美国高中生通常在一月份完成他们的大学申请。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词their，修饰名词短语college application。故填their。
（3）考查副词。句意：过去常常通过视频电话与可能的学生进行交谈的大学。分析句子可知，此处修饰动词talk，应填副词形式。故填personally。
（4）考查形容词。句意：除了书面申请外，大学还要求学生发送视频介绍。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词applications，应用形容词作定语，written"书面的"。故填written。
（5）考查可数名词的单数。句意：除了书面申请外，大学还要求学生发送视频介绍。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，根据前面的a可知，此处应用可数名词的单数。故填introduction。
（6）考查定语从句。句意：18岁的Bekele是一个生活与众不同的学生。分析句子可知，（6）______life has been different是定语从句，先行词是One student，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰后面的名词life，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
（7）考查不定式。句意：她说她想成为一名工程师，并渴望去一所提供良好科学课程的大学。be eager to do sth."渴望做某事"，故此处应用不定式。故填to go。
（8）考查时态。句意：在过去的10个月里，上网对她来说一直很难，尤其是在需要老师大量帮助的理科和数学课上。分析句子可知，此处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语over the last 10 months，应用现在完成时，主语是动名词短语Attending school online，助动词用has。故填has been。
（9）考查连词。句意：在过去的10个月里，上网对她来说一直很难，尤其是在需要老师大量帮助的理科和数学课上。分析句子可知，此处表示并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
（10）考查动名词。句意：她真的很担心她的申请。分析句子可知，介词about后应用动名词形式作宾语。故填completing。
第四部分写作第一节短文改错
18．【解答】.Madison Glinski was very kind.She started to play the violin when she was 4 year old.Last year，Madison makes a New Year's resolution （正式决定） to help poor children.She decided ∧ try to raise 500 for a children's hospital.At the first she just had her violin case open for donations.Then she made a sign say that she was doing it for poor children.After the sign was made，more and more generously people gave their money away.Sometimes people left 20，that was astonishing.Madison also raised money by selling his own toys.Madison had a special passion for helping other.Though she had only a small amount of money，Madison bought lots of toys，shoes and clothes for the poor children on Africa.
【详解】
（1）考查名词复数。句意：她4岁时开始拉小提琴。year是可数名词，前面有基数词4，应用名词复数形式。故year改为years。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：去年，麦迪逊制定了帮助贫困儿童的新年决心。根据Last year可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故makes改为made。
（3）考查不定式。句意：她决定设法为一家儿童医院筹集500英镑。固定搭配decide to do sth."决定做某事"，不定式作宾语。故decided后加to。
（4）考查介词短语。句意：起初，她只是打开小提琴盒接受捐赠。介词短语at first"起初"，冠词the多余。故删除the。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：然后她做了一个牌子，写着她这样做是为了贫穷的孩子。say与sign是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故say改为saying。
（6）考查形容词。句意：这个牌子制作出来后，越来越多的慷慨的人把钱捐出去。此处修饰名词people，应用形容词generous"慷慨的"，作定语。故generously改为generous。
（7）考查定语从句。句意：有时人们会留下20英镑，这让人吃惊。此处是非限定定语从句，关系词指代前面句子陈述的内容，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限定性定语从句。故that改为which。
（8）考查代词。句意：麦迪逊还通过出售自己的玩具来筹集资金。根据语境可知，Madison是个女孩，应用代词her。故his改为her。
（9）考查代词。句意：麦迪逊对帮助他人有着特殊的热情。此处表示"其他人"，应用代词others。故other改为others。
（10）考查介词。句意：虽然她只有很少的钱，麦迪逊买了很多玩具，鞋子和衣服在非洲的贫困儿童。此处表示"在非洲"，应用介词in。故on改为in。
第二节书面表达
19．【解答】Dear Sir or Madam，
I'm Li Hua．Hearing that our school will organize American students to visit the Hangzhou section of the Beijing﹣Hangzhou Grand Canal and the school is recruiting tour guides，I'm eager to apply for the job．【高分句型一】（写信目的）
I think I am suitable for the job.First，I have a good command of English，which allows me to communicate with foreigners freely.【高分句型二】Besides，I can communicate well with others.I think it will be a good chance for me to make new friends and learn different cultures by serving the students and teachers from around the world.I would be very grateful if you could give me a chance.（个人优势）
I'd appreciate it if you could consider my application．I'm looking forward to your reply．（你的期待）
Yours，
Li Hua
