北京市西城区2023年中考二模英语试卷

北京市西城区2023年中考二模英语试卷
一、单项填空(每题0.5分，共6分)
1． My sister loves water sports, and swimming is____ favorite.
A．her B．his C．my D．your
2． We have an English Corner____7:30 pm every Friday. Anyone can come.
A．on B．in C．at D．to
3． Let's put the cake in the fridge, ____ it may go bad tomorrow.
A．but B．or C．and D．so
4．— The experiment looks interesting. ____I have a try
—Sure. Go ahead, please.
A．Must B．Need C．May D．Should
5． —Becca, you look so fit. ____do you exercise
—I go swimming twice a week.
A．How long B．How often C．How soon D．How far
6． The National Stadium can hold 91,.000 people, and it is____ stadium in Beijing.
A．large B．larger C．largest D．the largest
7．—What do you like to do in your free time
—I often ____museums with my friends.
A．visit B．visited C．am visiting D．was visiting
8． If you start a hobby, it ____a new world for you.
A．opened B．was opening C．will open D．has opened
9． —What did you do for your class project
—We ____a wildlife video.
A．make B．made C．will make D．are make
10． Many people ____us their old books since we started our mini-library.
A．give B．gave C．will give D．have given
11． Nowadays, students ____more chances to take cultural field trips.
A．offer B．offered C．are offered D．were offered
12． —Do you know____ the rope jumping competition
—Yes. Next Friday.
A．where will we have B．where we will have
C．when will we have D．when we will have
二、完形填空（每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个 选项中, 选择最佳选项。
"My name is Jolene Johnson, but you can call me Jo-Jo. I have two new puppies, and you are all invited to see them after school!" Jolene said to the class when it was her turn to 13． herself.
Mrs. Anderson, the teacher, smiled and then introduced another new kid named Dee Rogen. When he spoke, he was quiet and didn't say much. To help Dee fit in, Mrs. Anderson then 14． him with Ben as his "friend" for the day.
At lunch time, Jo-Jo saw that Dee was sitting with Ben and his friends but not talking to anyone. He looked 15． , thought Jo-Jo.
Jo-Jo didn't like anyone to feel alone. She noticed that Dee had a shirt on that said "I Paused My Game to be Here. " Jo-Jo had an idea. She took her lunch near Dee and said, "I like your shirt. What games do you play "
Dee smiled and said his favorite was Minecraft. Jo-Jo loved that 16． ! They spent the lunch break talking about the best ways to survive （存活）in the game.
On Friday, Jo-Jo said that she was having Minecraft.
Monday at her house after school and everyone in her class was invited. Jo-Jo pulled out a sign-up sheet from her schoolbag. Several students ran up to her at once.
Before school was over, Jo-Jo 17． Dee hadn't signed up and asked him about it. "I don't really know anyone, Jo-Jo. " Dee answered. "I wouldn't feel 18． being there. "
Jo-Jo was confused because she thought he would love the idea. It was on her mind all day until she went home from school—where she had another 19． !
The next morning, she said to Dee, "I was thinking that organizing Minecraft. Monday would be a big job. How about you and I be partners "
Dee started to 20． . "Wow, you really want me to be part of Minecraft Monday! "
"We would be a great team! "
"I think so too, " said Dee excitedly.
13．A． introduce B． explain C． develop D． help
14．A． connected B． compared C． partnered D． controlled
15．A． proud B． lonely C． excited D． weak
16．A． lunch B． shirt C． school D． game
17．A． noticed B． reminded C． forgot D． decided
18．A． difficult B． comfortable C． lucky D． bored
19．A． wish B． lesson C． idea D． task
20．A． remember B． wonder C． worry D． smile
三、阅读理解（每题2分, 共26分）
信息匹配。下面的材料分别介绍了三种课外活动, 请根据小题中所描述的Alice, Gray和Karl三个人各自的特点, 帮助他们选择合适的活动, 并 将活动对应的序号A、B、C填写在相应的位置上。
A. Junior Robotics In Junior Robotics, we will introduce you to the fantastic world of robotics! In this lovely club, you can learn to program a robot to move, draw, turn, and more. Don't worry about the programming. An experienced teacher will guide you all the way along. And no physical robot is needed.
B. Canva for Teenagers Do you love art, painting and drawing Canva, a powerful online design platform, can help you with your creation. Canva for Teenagers allows you to create beautiful cards, posters or videos on the computer. You can also post your works online right after you finish them.
C. Space Club Come and join us to discover the wonder of deep space with fun weekly projects! In this club, various topics about space are included, from Mars to the moon, to black holes and aliens （外星人）. You can also learn new facts about outer space, build small projects and play games related to the lessons.
21．Alice plans to enter the online poster competition. She needs to learn more about how to design posters on the computer. 　 　
22．Gray likes reading books about stars and planets. He hopes to meet others who share the same interest. 　 　
23．Karl is interested in programming, and he wants to create some cool actions for his own robot. 　 　
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个 选项中, 选择最佳选项。
Math Week
'"Next week is Math Week. I would like each one of you to do a project. It will be shown at the Math Week exhibition. You could do it on your own or in a group, " Mrs. Lee, the math teacher said.
After school, Manu sat in the classroom along with Kevin who was not as good as Manu at math.
Kevin said, "Manu, shall we work on the math project together "
Manu said, "Sorry, but I prefer to do it on my own. "
The next day, all the students submitted （提交）their topics for the math exhibition. Almost all of them worked in a group except Manu. Kevin's team decided to do Snakes and Ladders, Junaid's team decided to do a crossword puzzle, and Manu decided to do a magic game, and of course, he did it all alone.
Manu completed the project and was happy with the result. The night before the exhibition, he again checked the project to see if it was working fine. Alas! All the lights that were supposed to shine did not seem to light up at all. Manu was worried and even cried out because he didn't know how to fix it. In the end, he had no choice but to take it to school.
At the same time, Kevin's team were working on their project at Kevin's house. If one member got stuck somewhere, the others helped out. It was a sight of real team work.
Finally, it was time for the Math Week exhibition. All the teams placed their projects on the table with pride except Manu. Students enjoyed Snakes and Ladders. Manu was embarrassed （尴尬的）to present his non-working magic game. Mrs. Lee looked at him and said, "There's still time. Maybe you can get someone to help you with it. "
Kevin offered to help. Luckily, he fixed it just in time for the show.
Manu's eyes were shining with excitement and he said to himself "It's certainly great to have a teammate. "
24．Which project did Manu make for Math Week
A．Snakes and Ladders. B．A magic game.
C．A crossword puzzle. D．A poster.
25．What happened the night before the exhibition
A．Kevin offered to work with Manu.
B．Mrs. Lee advised Manu to get help.
C．Manu was refused by Junaid's team.
D．Manu's project failed to work properly.
26．From his experience, Manu ____.
A．realized the importance of team effort
B．found math the most interesting subject
C．regretted designing such a difficult project
D．understood making friends helps one go far
阅读理解
Water lovers will tell you that not all water tastes the same. However, if your water tastes different when it's in a reusable plastic bottle, a new study finds it may be a cause for worry.
Two scientists, Jan Christensen and Selina Tisler, have undertaken a study about which chemicals （化学物质）in reusable plastic bottles go into the water. They let water sit for 24 hours in new bottles, in used bottles and in bottles that had just come out of a dishwashing machine. After that, they compared what they found in the water in the different bottles.
The results were quite a surprise. More than 400 difierent chemicals had leached （析出） from new plastic bottles into the water. Water stored in used plastic bottles had the highest levels of plastic-related chemicals. Running the bottles through a dishwasher worsened the leaching. After a single washing, more than 3,.500 difierent chemicals ended up in a bottle's water. Many of these were related to dishwasher soap （洗碗皂） and remained even after a second washing with running water. What's more, dishwashing itself also caused more plastic chemicals to leach.
Similar discoveries were also made by Pat Hunt, a biologist at Washington State University. She found that heat can cause chemicals to move out of plastics. Hot water in a dishwasher helps to clean dishes. But plastics can start to break down if they are in hot water repeatedly, "Plastics just shouldn't go in the dishwasher, " she concludes.
Christensen and Tisler5s study found some chemicals that are probably harmful. Future studies could make clear how much of each chemical is there. And that's important. Just because a chemical is in the water doesn't mean it will cause problems. Much of the risk will depend on how much of a chemical actually gets into the body.
Hunt agrees. "This study is a starting point, " she says. It gives researchers ideas about what chemicals from reusable bottles are probably in water. But it doesn't tell us what risks the now-polluted water may bring to us. More research is needed.
Still, lowering exposures （接触）to plastic-related chemicals is probably a good idea. Hunt suggests using non-plastic bottles. "If you do use a plastic bottle, fill it up and use it right away, " Tisler adds. "It's best not to store water in them overnight or for long periods of time. "
27．What can we learn from the passage
A．The length of time water is kept in plastics matters.
B．Water in new plastic bottles has the most chemicals.
C．Drinking hot water in plastic bottles harms people's health.
D．Over 3,.500 plastic chemicals are found in dishwashed bottles.
28．According to the passage, further research is needed to find out ____.
A．whether chemicals actually enter the body
B．how plastic-related chemicals get into water
C．what risks plastic-related chemicals may cause
D．when people should throw away a plastic bottle
29．What is this passage mainly about
A．Improper usage of plastic bottles.
B．Various opinions about plastic bottles.
C．Unknown chemicals in plastic bottles.
D．Research findings about plastic bottles.
阅读理解
Why do we do the things we do What drives our behavior Psychologists have suggested different ways of thinking about motivation （动机）, including looking at whether motivation arises from outside （extrinsic） or inside （intrinsic） a person.
Researchers have found that each type has a different effect on a person's behavior and efforts to achieve goals. To better understand the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on human behavior, it would help to learn how each type works.
Extrinsic motivation is when you are motivated to perform a behavior or take part in an activity because you want to get a reward （奖赏）or avoid punishment. You will take action not because you enjoy it, but because you expect to get something in return or avoid something unpleasant.
Intrinsic motivation is when you decide to do something because you find it satisfying. You are performing an activity for what it is not because you are after some external （外部的）reward. The behavior itself is its own reward.
Studies have shown that offering too many external rewards for an already internally rewarding behavior can reduce intrinsic motivation—which is known as the over justification （奖励过当）effect. For example, in a 2008 study, children who were rewarded for playing with a toy they had already expressed interest in playing with became less interested in the toy after being externally rewarded.
This is not to suggest that extrinsic motivation is a bad thing—it can be beneficial in some situations. For example, extrinsic motivation can be especially helpful when a person needs to complete a task that they find unpleasant.
Most people would accept that intrinsic motivation is best, but it is not always possible in every situation. Sometimes a person simply has no internal wish to join in an activity.
Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a key role in learning. Experts have argued that education's traditional stress on external rewards （such as grades, report cards, and gold stars） undermines any intrinsic motivation that students might already have. However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivators can help students feel more knowledgeable in the classroom, which in turn builds up their intrinsic motivation.
As professor David Myers put it, a person5s interest often survives when a reward is used neither to bribe （贿赂）nor to control but to show a job well done, as in a "most improved player" award. Put simply, rewards, rightly given, can increase enjoyment and motivate high performance.
Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people perform tasks and improve their learning.
30．You do something out of intrinsic motivation when you ____.
A．do schoolwork to get a good grade
B．work on a subject you find interesting
C．take part in a sport to receive recognition
D．clean your room to avoid criticism from your parents
31．Why does the writer mention the 2008 study in Paragraph.5
A．To explain the benefits of offering toys as rewards.
B．To prove external rewards can influence one5s interest.
C．To introduce how intrinsic motivation works in children.
D．To stress the importance of understanding intrinsic motivation.
32．The word "undermines" in Paragraph 8 means ____.
A．weakens B．separates C．improves D．encourages
33．The writer probably agrees that ____.
A．extrinsic motivation is key to one's achievement
B．intrinsic motivation has little to do with enjoying a task
C．properly-given rewards can encourage further improvement
D．offering rewards of any kind takes the fun out of an activity
四、阅读表达（共10分）
阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。
Fighting Wildfires through Invention
At the age of 13, Prisha Shroff saw something that made her want to change the world. She was in the car with her family on the way home, when a big wildfire came in sight and forced them to turn back.
"I saw it in person,.5, she says. "The air pollution was so bad that we were told not to step outside of our car, or outside of our house. "
At the same time, Prisha remembered seeing other wildfires on the news. She thought, "This isn't just a small problem, it's a worldwide problem." And she decided to look for a way to help.
The opportunity came when she attended her middle-school science fair. For her project, Prisha decided to design a system that could discover and put out wildfires. Using A. L and satellite imagery （卫星影像）, it could know where wildfires would take place and also discover active fires.
In 2021, Prisha won the Lemelson Award for Invention, whose goal is to encourage young future scientists, engineers, and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges. "That was the first big prize that I'd gotten, she says. "It really gave me confidence to find ways to solve big problems, and that I have the ability to make a big difference. "
Now 16, Prisha is working hard on her design to help fire stations. It is a drone sent to an active fire to spread retardant （阻燃剂）. " If they discover a wildfire, the drone can fly there, put it out, and come back。"Prisha says.
Prisha is crazy about creating solutions to not only mitigate （缓解）wildfires, but also the effects of climate change in general. "This is our planet, we should take care of it, " she says. Prisha now runs a special program at her school, and has spoken at the United Nations about the importance of learning certain knowledge and coming up with more inventions to help fight against climate change.
To future young inventors, Prisha says the key is to not simply hope something happens, but to actually try hard to make it happen, "You don't need to change the whole world, but you can still change someone's whole world, " she says.
34．What did Prisha see on the way home
35．What is the goal of Lemelson Award for Invention!
36．How will Prisha's drone help fire stations
37．Among Prisha's qualities （品格）, which one（s） do you value the most Why
五、文段表达（10分）
38． 从下面两个题目中任选一题, 根据中文和英文提示, 完成一篇不少于50词 的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。 请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假如你是李华, 你校英语社团公众号计划做主题为"The Most Beautiful Season in Beijing "的系列推送。请你用英语给公众号留言, 推荐一个你心目中北京最美的 季节, 并说明理由。
提示词语：flowers, colorful, activity, weather
提示问题：
What's the most beautiful season in Beijing
Why do you love it
Each season in Beijing has its special beauty.
题目②
鼓励宛如融融春风, 温暖着每个人的心灵。
某英文网站正在开展主题为" The Power of Encouragement"的征文活动。假 如你是李华, 请你用英语写一篇短文投稿, 介绍一次你受到鼓励的经历, 并谈 谈这次经历对你的影响。
提示词语：improve, confident, effort, hope
提示问题：
What was the experience
What have you learnt from it
Everyone needs to be encouraged now and then.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】A
【知识点】代词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我妹妹喜欢水上运动，其中游泳是她的最爱。A她的，B他的，C我的，D你的，根据My sister，可知用her指代第三人称单数女生，故选A。
【点评】考查代词辨析，注意识记her的用法。
2．【答案】C
【知识点】介词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我们每周五晚上7:30有一个英语角，任何人都可以参加。at+具体时间，在几点钟，in+年，月，in某年某月；on+星期，节日，具体日期，或形容词+morning/afternoon/night，在某天或在某个夜晚，to，到，7:30 pm是具体时间，故用介词at，故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析，注意识记at+具体时间的用法。
3．【答案】B
【知识点】连词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我们把蛋糕放进冰箱里，否则明天它会变坏的。A但是，B或者，C并且，D所以，根据Let's put the cake in the fridge，此处是祈使句+or+将来时的句子，固定句型，or表示转折关系，故选B。
【点评】考查连词辨析，注意识记祈使句+or+将来时的句子的用法。
4．【答案】C
【知识点】情态动词；动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——这个实验看起来很有趣。我能试试吗？——可以的，请开始吧。A必须，B需要，C可以，D应该，根据Sure. Go ahead, please，可知问句表示请求，故用may I引导一般疑问句，故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析，注意识记May的用法。
5．【答案】B
【知识点】疑问词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——Becca，你看起来身材很强壮。你多久锻炼一次？——我每周去游泳两次。A多长，B多久一次，C多久才，D多远，根据回答twice a week，可知提问频率用how often，故选B。
【点评】考查疑问词辨析，注意识记How often的用法。
6．【答案】D
【知识点】最高级的一般句式
【解析】【分析】句意：国家体育场可以容纳91,000人，它是北京最大的体育场。A大的，形容词原级，B比较级，C最高级，D最高级，根据in Beijing，可知是最高级比较范围，故用largest，最高级前用定冠词修饰，故用the largest，故选D。
【点评】考查最高级，注意识记the largest，最高级的用法。
7．【答案】A
【知识点】表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：——你喜欢在空闲时间做什么？——我经常和朋友一起去博物馆。A动词原形，B过去式，C现在进行时，D过去进行时，often是一般现在时标志，主语是第一人称，故谓语动词用动词原形，故选A。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记一般现在时，主谓一致的用法。
8．【答案】C
【知识点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：如果你开始一个爱好，它将为你打开一个新的世界。A过去式，B过去进行时，C将来时，D现在完成时，If引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，故选C。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记一般将来时的用法。
9．【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：——你们做了些什么课堂项目？——我们制作了一部野生动物视频。A动词原形，B过去式，C将来时，D错误形式，根据What did you do，可知时态是一般过去时，故选B。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记过去时的用法。
10．【答案】D
【知识点】过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在
【解析】【分析】句意：自从我们开始小型图书馆以来，很多人向我们捐赠了他们旧的书籍。A动词原形，B过去式，C将来时，D现在完成时，since引导时间状语从句，时态是现在完成时+since+过去时的用法，故选D。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记现在完成时的用法。
11．【答案】C
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态
【解析】【分析】句意：如今，学生们有更多的机会进行文化实地考察。A动词原形，B过去分词，C一般现在时被动语态，D一般过去时被动语态，根据Nowadays，可知时态是一般现在时，主语students和offer是被动关系，故用一般现在时被动语态，故选C。
【点评】考查时态，语态，注意识记一般现在时被动语态的用法。
12．【答案】D
【知识点】连接代词或连接副词引导；陈述语序
【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道什么时候举行跳绳比赛吗？——是的，下周五。宾语从句语序是疑问词+陈述句，故排除A和C选项，根据next Friday，可知疑问词用when提问时间，故选D。
【点评】考查宾语从句，注意识记语序和when的用法。
【答案】13．A；14．C；15．B；16．D；17．A；18．B；19．C；20．D
【知识点】日常生活类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了一个名叫迪伊的新生在学校感到孤单，但是乔乔通过发现共同兴趣并邀请他参加《我的世界》聚会来让他感到被包容和接纳。
【点评】考查完形填空，注意词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意上下文的逻辑，并且考虑句型，语法，搭配，语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
13．句意：轮到她自我介绍时，她对全班同学说。introduce介绍；explain解释；develop发展；help帮助。根据My name is Jolene Johnson, but you can call me Jo-Jo. I have two new puppies, and you are all invited to see them after school!可知，此时乔乔正在做自我介绍，故选A。
14．句意：为了帮助迪伊适应环境，安德森太太让他和本做一天的"朋友"。connected相关联；compared比较；partnered成为伙伴；controlled控制。根据him with Ben as his friend for the day可知，成为一天的朋友，所以应该是成为伙伴，故选C。
15．句意：他看起来很孤独，乔乔想。proud自豪；lonely孤独；excited兴奋；weak虚弱。根据At lunch time, Jo-Jo saw that Dee was sitting with Ben and his friends but not talking to anyone可知，没有和任何人说话，所意识看起来很独孤，故选B。
16．句意：乔乔喜欢那个游戏。lunch午餐；shirt衬衫；school学校；game游戏。根据What games do you play可知，迪伊回答的是游戏的名字，所以此处指的是乔乔喜欢这个游戏。故选D。
17．句意：放学前，乔乔注意到迪伊没有报名，就问他怎么回事。noticed注意到；reminded提醒；forgot忘记；decided决定。根据Jo-Jo pulled out a sign-up sheet from her schoolbag和Dee hadn't signed up可知，此处是乔乔注意到迪伊没有在报名表上签字报名，故选A。
18．句意：我在那里会觉得不舒服。difficult困难的；comfortable舒适的；lucky幸运的；bored无聊的。根据I don't really know anyone, Jo-Jo可知，迪伊不认识任何人，所以出现在那里会让他觉得不舒服，故选B。
19．句意：她整天都在想这件事，直到放学回家，她又有了一个主意。wish希望；lesson教训；idea主意；task任务。根据Jo-Jo was confused because she thought he would love the idea可知，乔乔本来会以为这个主意，但是迪伊并不感兴趣，所以乔乔又想到了另一个主意，故选C。
20．句意：迪伊开始微笑。remember记得；wonder想知道；worry担心；smile微笑。根据said Dee excitedly可知，迪伊很兴奋，所以应该是开始微笑，故选D。
【答案】21．B
22．C
23．A
【知识点】任务型阅读；日常生活类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了三种课外活动，请根据小题中所描述的Alice, Gray和Karl三个人各自的特点，帮助他们选择合适的活动。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，可以将整个文章首先浏览一遍，大概理解意思，根据逻辑关系，找到可以匹配信息的选项。
21．根据She needs to learn more about how to design posters on the computer，可知她需要学习更多关于如何在电脑上设计海报的知识。选项B你喜欢艺术和绘画吗？Canva是一个强大的在线设计平台，可以帮助您进行创作。与之对应，故选B。
22．根据Gray likes reading books about stars and planets.，可知格雷喜欢读关于恒星和行星的书。选项C在这个俱乐部里，包括了各种关于太空的话题，从火星到月球，再到黑洞和外星人。与之对应，故选C。
23．根据Karl is interested in programming, and he wants to create some cool actions for his own robot，可知卡尔对编程很感兴趣。选项A在Junior Robotics，我们将向您介绍机器人的奇妙世界！与之对应，故选A。
【答案】24．B
25．D
26．A
【知识点】人生百味类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了Manu一个人做一个项目，但是最后未能成功，所以他意识到了团队合作的重要性。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
24．细节题。根据Manu decided to do a magic game可知，Manu做了一个魔术游戏。故选B。
25．推断题。根据Alas! All the lights that were supposed to shine did not seem to light up at all. Manu was worried and even cried out because he didn't know how to fix it所有本该亮的灯似乎根本没有亮起来。马努很担心，甚至哭了出来，因为他不知道怎么解决。可知Manu的项目未能正常工作。故选D。
26．推断题。根据Manu's eyes were shining with excitement and he said to himself ‘It's certainly great to have a teammate.'可知，Manu意识到了团队合作的重要性。故选A。
【答案】27．A
28．C
29．D
【知识点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一项由 Jan Christensen 和 Selina Tisler 进行的新研究发现，超过 400 种不同的化学物质会从新塑料瓶中析出到水中。储存在旧塑料瓶中的水含有最高的塑料相关化学物质水平，而将瓶子放入洗碗机则加剧了析出。许多这些化学物质与洗碗皂有关，甚至在第二次用流水洗涤后仍然存在。这项研究为研究人员提供了一个了解可重复使用塑料瓶中可能有害的化学物质的起点。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推断题和主旨题，推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
27．推断题。根据"If you do use a plastic bottle, fill it up and use it right away, " Tisler adds. "It's best not to store water in them overnight or for long periods of time如果你确实使用了一个塑料瓶，那就把它装满并立即使用。"。"最好不要在里面储存水过夜或长时间，可知水在塑料物质中保持的时间，故选A。
28．推断题。根据Just because a chemical is in the water doesn't mean it will cause problems. Much of the risk will depend on how much of a chemical actually gets into the body仅仅因为水中有化学物质并不意味着它会引起问题。很大程度上的风险将取决于有多少化学物质实际进入人体，可知需要进一步的研究来找出与塑料相关的化学品可能造成的风险，故选C。
29．主旨题。本文是一项由 Jan Christensen 和 Selina Tisler 进行的新研究发现，超过 400 种不同的化学物质会从新塑料瓶中析出到水中。储存在旧塑料瓶中的水含有最高的塑料相关化学物质水平，而将瓶子放入洗碗机则加剧了析出。许多这些化学物质与洗碗皂有关，甚至在第二次用流水洗涤后仍然存在。这项研究为研究人员提供了一个了解可重复使用塑料瓶中可能有害的化学物质的起点，可知本文主要介绍关于塑料瓶的研究结论，故选D。
【答案】30．B
31．B
32．A
33．C
【知识点】社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了内在动机和外在动机对人类行为的影响。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，词义猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。
30．推断题。根据Intrinsic motivation is when you decide to do something because you find it satisfying. You are performing an activity for what it is not because you are after some external reward. The behavior itself is its own reward可知，内在动机是当你决定做某件事，因为你觉得它令人满意，你正在进行一项活动，而不是因为你在追求一些外部奖励，这种行为本身就是一种回报，所以选项B研究一个你觉得有趣的主题是出于内在动力，故选B。
31．细节题。根据文Studies have shown that offering too many external rewards for an already internally rewarding behavior can reduce intrinsic motivation—which is known as the over justification effect，可知，作者提到2008年的研究是为了证明外部奖励可以影响一个人的兴趣，故选B。
32．词义猜测题。根据文中Experts have argued that education's traditional stress on external rewards…undermines any intrinsic motivation…和However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivators can help students…which in turn builds up their intrinsic motivation可知，undermines 应与builds up相反意义，意为减弱，破坏，与weakens同义，故选A。
33．细节题。根据Put simply, rewards, rightly given, can increase enjoyment and motivate high performance简单地说，奖励，如果给予得当，可以增加乐趣，激发高绩效，可知，适当的奖励可以鼓励进一步的进步，故选C。
【答案】34．A big wildfire.
35．To encourage young future scientists, engineers, and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges.
36．By spreading retardant to put out fires.
37．略
【知识点】任务型阅读；人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了普丽莎发明了阻燃剂，获得了Lemelson发明奖的故事。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
34．根据She was in the car with her family on the way home, when a big wildfire came in sight and forced them to turn back可知，普丽莎在回家的路上看到了一场大火。
35．故答案为A big wildfire。根据In 2021, Prisha won the Lemelson Award for Invention, whose goal is to encourage young future scientists, engineers, and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges可知，Lemelson发明奖的目的是，为了鼓励年轻的未来科学家、工程师、发明家，去解决一些世界上的巨大挑战。故答案为To encourage young future scientists, engineers, and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges。
36．根据Now 16, Prisha is working hard on her design to help fire stations. It is a drone sent to an active fire to spread retardant可知，普丽莎帮助了消防站，通过撒阻燃剂的方式。故答案为By spreading retardant to put out fires。
37．在普里希拉的特质中，最看重的是她的创造力，因为她可以用自己的创造力改变世界。故答案为Her creativity. Because she can use her creativity to make a difference to the world.
38．【答案】题目①
Each season in Beijing has its special beauty. However, the most beautiful season in my mind is spring.
Spring in Beijing is the most colorful time of the whole year. From the first sight of green on the trees, to the vibrantly colored flowers, the spirit of renewal can be felt everywhere.
In my opinion, the most beautiful season in Beijing is spring. The reason why I love spring so much is that it's the season of flowers. You know, Beijing has many beautiful parks and gardens, such as the Summer Palace, the Beihai Park, and the Yuyuantan park. In spring, all these parks are full of colorful flowers, like cherry blossoms, peach blossoms, and azaleas. It's such a feast for the eyes! Besides, the weather in spring is just perfect. It's neither too cold nor too hot. It's the best time for outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking. I love to go to the parks with my friends and family to enjoy the beautiful spring days.
So, I recommend spring as the most beautiful season in Beijing. I hope you can share more stories and photos about the beauty of spring in Beijing.
题目②
Dear website editor,
I'm Li Hua, a student from China. I heard about your website's theme "The Power of Encouragement" and I'd like to share my experience with encouragement.
Last year, I participated in a public speaking competition. I was very nervous and afraid of making mistakes.幸运的是,我的老师 and classmates gave me a lot of encouragement. They told me, "You can do it, Li Hua! Just believe in yourself and put in your best effort." This encouragement made me feel more confident and determined. I practiced hard and finally, I won the first prize in the competition.
This experience has taught me the importance of encouragement. It motivates us to make efforts and improve ourselves. It gives us hope and courage to face challenges. From now on, I will try my best to encourage others and pass on the positive energy.
Thank you for your attention.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲类作文，本文要求为"The Most Beautiful Season in Beijing "的系列推送。请你用英语给公众号留言，推荐一个你心目中北京最美的 季节, 并说明理由，文章时态要用一般现在时，人称主要用第一第三人称。在写作的时候，可以使用first，second 进行列举，使文章显得更加条理。最后检查所用时态，人称是否符合要求；检查段落是否完整，句子表达是否准确，语法，拼写，标点，移行，大小写等方面是否有误。
【点评】本文结构紧凑，语言简练，要点齐全，文中the spirit of，a long period of，is excited about等词汇的使用，使上下文意连接紧密 ，本文还采用了丰富的句型，比如运用了最高级the most beautiful season in my mind is spring，比较级People do more outdoor activities: kites fly in等用法，大大增加了信息的容量，使文章增色不少。
【分析】这是一篇提纲类作文，某英文网站正在开展主题为" The Power of Encouragement"的征文活动。假 如你是李华, 请你用英语写一篇短文投稿, 介绍一次你受到鼓励的经历, 并谈 谈这次经历对你的影响，需要写的内容已经给出，突出介绍经历是什么，你从中学到了什么，每个人都需要不时得到鼓励。时态用一般过去时，人称用第一，第三人称介绍。
【点评】本文结构紧凑，语言简练，要点齐全，文中to get prepared，plan to doencourage sb to do，compete with，be proud of等词汇的使用，使上下文意连接紧密 ，本文还采用了丰富的句型，比如运用了时间状语从句When I was in junior two, I signed up for a volunteer activity to help kids in a remote primary school to learn English，宾语从句This experience has helped me realize the power of encouragement and now I am more willing to offer it to others等复合句，大大增加了信息的容量，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。
北京市西城区2023年中考二模英语试卷
一、单项填空(每题0.5分，共6分)
1． My sister loves water sports, and swimming is____ favorite.
A．her B．his C．my D．your
【答案】A
【知识点】代词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我妹妹喜欢水上运动，其中游泳是她的最爱。A她的，B他的，C我的，D你的，根据My sister，可知用her指代第三人称单数女生，故选A。
【点评】考查代词辨析，注意识记her的用法。
2． We have an English Corner____7:30 pm every Friday. Anyone can come.
A．on B．in C．at D．to
【答案】C
【知识点】介词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我们每周五晚上7:30有一个英语角，任何人都可以参加。at+具体时间，在几点钟，in+年，月，in某年某月；on+星期，节日，具体日期，或形容词+morning/afternoon/night，在某天或在某个夜晚，to，到，7:30 pm是具体时间，故用介词at，故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析，注意识记at+具体时间的用法。
3． Let's put the cake in the fridge, ____ it may go bad tomorrow.
A．but B．or C．and D．so
【答案】B
【知识点】连词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我们把蛋糕放进冰箱里，否则明天它会变坏的。A但是，B或者，C并且，D所以，根据Let's put the cake in the fridge，此处是祈使句+or+将来时的句子，固定句型，or表示转折关系，故选B。
【点评】考查连词辨析，注意识记祈使句+or+将来时的句子的用法。
4．— The experiment looks interesting. ____I have a try
—Sure. Go ahead, please.
A．Must B．Need C．May D．Should
【答案】C
【知识点】情态动词；动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——这个实验看起来很有趣。我能试试吗？——可以的，请开始吧。A必须，B需要，C可以，D应该，根据Sure. Go ahead, please，可知问句表示请求，故用may I引导一般疑问句，故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析，注意识记May的用法。
5． —Becca, you look so fit. ____do you exercise
—I go swimming twice a week.
A．How long B．How often C．How soon D．How far
【答案】B
【知识点】疑问词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——Becca，你看起来身材很强壮。你多久锻炼一次？——我每周去游泳两次。A多长，B多久一次，C多久才，D多远，根据回答twice a week，可知提问频率用how often，故选B。
【点评】考查疑问词辨析，注意识记How often的用法。
6． The National Stadium can hold 91,.000 people, and it is____ stadium in Beijing.
A．large B．larger C．largest D．the largest
【答案】D
【知识点】最高级的一般句式
【解析】【分析】句意：国家体育场可以容纳91,000人，它是北京最大的体育场。A大的，形容词原级，B比较级，C最高级，D最高级，根据in Beijing，可知是最高级比较范围，故用largest，最高级前用定冠词修饰，故用the largest，故选D。
【点评】考查最高级，注意识记the largest，最高级的用法。
7．—What do you like to do in your free time
—I often ____museums with my friends.
A．visit B．visited C．am visiting D．was visiting
【答案】A
【知识点】表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：——你喜欢在空闲时间做什么？——我经常和朋友一起去博物馆。A动词原形，B过去式，C现在进行时，D过去进行时，often是一般现在时标志，主语是第一人称，故谓语动词用动词原形，故选A。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记一般现在时，主谓一致的用法。
8． If you start a hobby, it ____a new world for you.
A．opened B．was opening C．will open D．has opened
【答案】C
【知识点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：如果你开始一个爱好，它将为你打开一个新的世界。A过去式，B过去进行时，C将来时，D现在完成时，If引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，故选C。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记一般将来时的用法。
9． —What did you do for your class project
—We ____a wildlife video.
A．make B．made C．will make D．are make
【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：——你们做了些什么课堂项目？——我们制作了一部野生动物视频。A动词原形，B过去式，C将来时，D错误形式，根据What did you do，可知时态是一般过去时，故选B。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记过去时的用法。
10． Many people ____us their old books since we started our mini-library.
A．give B．gave C．will give D．have given
【答案】D
【知识点】过去开始发生的动作一直持续到现在
【解析】【分析】句意：自从我们开始小型图书馆以来，很多人向我们捐赠了他们旧的书籍。A动词原形，B过去式，C将来时，D现在完成时，since引导时间状语从句，时态是现在完成时+since+过去时的用法，故选D。
【点评】考查时态，注意识记现在完成时的用法。
11． Nowadays, students ____more chances to take cultural field trips.
A．offer B．offered C．are offered D．were offered
【答案】C
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态
【解析】【分析】句意：如今，学生们有更多的机会进行文化实地考察。A动词原形，B过去分词，C一般现在时被动语态，D一般过去时被动语态，根据Nowadays，可知时态是一般现在时，主语students和offer是被动关系，故用一般现在时被动语态，故选C。
【点评】考查时态，语态，注意识记一般现在时被动语态的用法。
12． —Do you know____ the rope jumping competition
—Yes. Next Friday.
A．where will we have B．where we will have
C．when will we have D．when we will have
【答案】D
【知识点】连接代词或连接副词引导；陈述语序
【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道什么时候举行跳绳比赛吗？——是的，下周五。宾语从句语序是疑问词+陈述句，故排除A和C选项，根据next Friday，可知疑问词用when提问时间，故选D。
【点评】考查宾语从句，注意识记语序和when的用法。
二、完形填空（每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个 选项中, 选择最佳选项。
"My name is Jolene Johnson, but you can call me Jo-Jo. I have two new puppies, and you are all invited to see them after school!" Jolene said to the class when it was her turn to 13． herself.
Mrs. Anderson, the teacher, smiled and then introduced another new kid named Dee Rogen. When he spoke, he was quiet and didn't say much. To help Dee fit in, Mrs. Anderson then 14． him with Ben as his "friend" for the day.
At lunch time, Jo-Jo saw that Dee was sitting with Ben and his friends but not talking to anyone. He looked 15． , thought Jo-Jo.
Jo-Jo didn't like anyone to feel alone. She noticed that Dee had a shirt on that said "I Paused My Game to be Here. " Jo-Jo had an idea. She took her lunch near Dee and said, "I like your shirt. What games do you play "
Dee smiled and said his favorite was Minecraft. Jo-Jo loved that 16． ! They spent the lunch break talking about the best ways to survive （存活）in the game.
On Friday, Jo-Jo said that she was having Minecraft.
Monday at her house after school and everyone in her class was invited. Jo-Jo pulled out a sign-up sheet from her schoolbag. Several students ran up to her at once.
Before school was over, Jo-Jo 17． Dee hadn't signed up and asked him about it. "I don't really know anyone, Jo-Jo. " Dee answered. "I wouldn't feel 18． being there. "
Jo-Jo was confused because she thought he would love the idea. It was on her mind all day until she went home from school—where she had another 19． !
The next morning, she said to Dee, "I was thinking that organizing Minecraft. Monday would be a big job. How about you and I be partners "
Dee started to 20． . "Wow, you really want me to be part of Minecraft Monday! "
"We would be a great team! "
"I think so too, " said Dee excitedly.
13．A． introduce B． explain C． develop D． help
14．A． connected B． compared C． partnered D． controlled
15．A． proud B． lonely C． excited D． weak
16．A． lunch B． shirt C． school D． game
17．A． noticed B． reminded C． forgot D． decided
18．A． difficult B． comfortable C． lucky D． bored
19．A． wish B． lesson C． idea D． task
20．A． remember B． wonder C． worry D． smile
【答案】13．A；14．C；15．B；16．D；17．A；18．B；19．C；20．D
【知识点】日常生活类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了一个名叫迪伊的新生在学校感到孤单，但是乔乔通过发现共同兴趣并邀请他参加《我的世界》聚会来让他感到被包容和接纳。
【点评】考查完形填空，注意词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意上下文的逻辑，并且考虑句型，语法，搭配，语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
13．句意：轮到她自我介绍时，她对全班同学说。introduce介绍；explain解释；develop发展；help帮助。根据My name is Jolene Johnson, but you can call me Jo-Jo. I have two new puppies, and you are all invited to see them after school!可知，此时乔乔正在做自我介绍，故选A。
14．句意：为了帮助迪伊适应环境，安德森太太让他和本做一天的"朋友"。connected相关联；compared比较；partnered成为伙伴；controlled控制。根据him with Ben as his friend for the day可知，成为一天的朋友，所以应该是成为伙伴，故选C。
15．句意：他看起来很孤独，乔乔想。proud自豪；lonely孤独；excited兴奋；weak虚弱。根据At lunch time, Jo-Jo saw that Dee was sitting with Ben and his friends but not talking to anyone可知，没有和任何人说话，所意识看起来很独孤，故选B。
16．句意：乔乔喜欢那个游戏。lunch午餐；shirt衬衫；school学校；game游戏。根据What games do you play可知，迪伊回答的是游戏的名字，所以此处指的是乔乔喜欢这个游戏。故选D。
17．句意：放学前，乔乔注意到迪伊没有报名，就问他怎么回事。noticed注意到；reminded提醒；forgot忘记；decided决定。根据Jo-Jo pulled out a sign-up sheet from her schoolbag和Dee hadn't signed up可知，此处是乔乔注意到迪伊没有在报名表上签字报名，故选A。
18．句意：我在那里会觉得不舒服。difficult困难的；comfortable舒适的；lucky幸运的；bored无聊的。根据I don't really know anyone, Jo-Jo可知，迪伊不认识任何人，所以出现在那里会让他觉得不舒服，故选B。
19．句意：她整天都在想这件事，直到放学回家，她又有了一个主意。wish希望；lesson教训；idea主意；task任务。根据Jo-Jo was confused because she thought he would love the idea可知，乔乔本来会以为这个主意，但是迪伊并不感兴趣，所以乔乔又想到了另一个主意，故选C。
20．句意：迪伊开始微笑。remember记得；wonder想知道；worry担心；smile微笑。根据said Dee excitedly可知，迪伊很兴奋，所以应该是开始微笑，故选D。
三、阅读理解（每题2分, 共26分）
信息匹配。下面的材料分别介绍了三种课外活动, 请根据小题中所描述的Alice, Gray和Karl三个人各自的特点, 帮助他们选择合适的活动, 并 将活动对应的序号A、B、C填写在相应的位置上。
A. Junior Robotics In Junior Robotics, we will introduce you to the fantastic world of robotics! In this lovely club, you can learn to program a robot to move, draw, turn, and more. Don't worry about the programming. An experienced teacher will guide you all the way along. And no physical robot is needed.
B. Canva for Teenagers Do you love art, painting and drawing Canva, a powerful online design platform, can help you with your creation. Canva for Teenagers allows you to create beautiful cards, posters or videos on the computer. You can also post your works online right after you finish them.
C. Space Club Come and join us to discover the wonder of deep space with fun weekly projects! In this club, various topics about space are included, from Mars to the moon, to black holes and aliens （外星人）. You can also learn new facts about outer space, build small projects and play games related to the lessons.
21．Alice plans to enter the online poster competition. She needs to learn more about how to design posters on the computer. 　 　
22．Gray likes reading books about stars and planets. He hopes to meet others who share the same interest. 　 　
23．Karl is interested in programming, and he wants to create some cool actions for his own robot. 　 　
【答案】21．B
22．C
23．A
【知识点】任务型阅读；日常生活类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了三种课外活动，请根据小题中所描述的Alice, Gray和Karl三个人各自的特点，帮助他们选择合适的活动。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，可以将整个文章首先浏览一遍，大概理解意思，根据逻辑关系，找到可以匹配信息的选项。
21．根据She needs to learn more about how to design posters on the computer，可知她需要学习更多关于如何在电脑上设计海报的知识。选项B你喜欢艺术和绘画吗？Canva是一个强大的在线设计平台，可以帮助您进行创作。与之对应，故选B。
22．根据Gray likes reading books about stars and planets.，可知格雷喜欢读关于恒星和行星的书。选项C在这个俱乐部里，包括了各种关于太空的话题，从火星到月球，再到黑洞和外星人。与之对应，故选C。
23．根据Karl is interested in programming, and he wants to create some cool actions for his own robot，可知卡尔对编程很感兴趣。选项A在Junior Robotics，我们将向您介绍机器人的奇妙世界！与之对应，故选A。
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个 选项中, 选择最佳选项。
Math Week
'"Next week is Math Week. I would like each one of you to do a project. It will be shown at the Math Week exhibition. You could do it on your own or in a group, " Mrs. Lee, the math teacher said.
After school, Manu sat in the classroom along with Kevin who was not as good as Manu at math.
Kevin said, "Manu, shall we work on the math project together "
Manu said, "Sorry, but I prefer to do it on my own. "
The next day, all the students submitted （提交）their topics for the math exhibition. Almost all of them worked in a group except Manu. Kevin's team decided to do Snakes and Ladders, Junaid's team decided to do a crossword puzzle, and Manu decided to do a magic game, and of course, he did it all alone.
Manu completed the project and was happy with the result. The night before the exhibition, he again checked the project to see if it was working fine. Alas! All the lights that were supposed to shine did not seem to light up at all. Manu was worried and even cried out because he didn't know how to fix it. In the end, he had no choice but to take it to school.
At the same time, Kevin's team were working on their project at Kevin's house. If one member got stuck somewhere, the others helped out. It was a sight of real team work.
Finally, it was time for the Math Week exhibition. All the teams placed their projects on the table with pride except Manu. Students enjoyed Snakes and Ladders. Manu was embarrassed （尴尬的）to present his non-working magic game. Mrs. Lee looked at him and said, "There's still time. Maybe you can get someone to help you with it. "
Kevin offered to help. Luckily, he fixed it just in time for the show.
Manu's eyes were shining with excitement and he said to himself "It's certainly great to have a teammate. "
24．Which project did Manu make for Math Week
A．Snakes and Ladders. B．A magic game.
C．A crossword puzzle. D．A poster.
25．What happened the night before the exhibition
A．Kevin offered to work with Manu.
B．Mrs. Lee advised Manu to get help.
C．Manu was refused by Junaid's team.
D．Manu's project failed to work properly.
26．From his experience, Manu ____.
A．realized the importance of team effort
B．found math the most interesting subject
C．regretted designing such a difficult project
D．understood making friends helps one go far
【答案】24．B
25．D
26．A
【知识点】人生百味类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了Manu一个人做一个项目，但是最后未能成功，所以他意识到了团队合作的重要性。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
24．细节题。根据Manu decided to do a magic game可知，Manu做了一个魔术游戏。故选B。
25．推断题。根据Alas! All the lights that were supposed to shine did not seem to light up at all. Manu was worried and even cried out because he didn't know how to fix it所有本该亮的灯似乎根本没有亮起来。马努很担心，甚至哭了出来，因为他不知道怎么解决。可知Manu的项目未能正常工作。故选D。
26．推断题。根据Manu's eyes were shining with excitement and he said to himself ‘It's certainly great to have a teammate.'可知，Manu意识到了团队合作的重要性。故选A。
阅读理解
Water lovers will tell you that not all water tastes the same. However, if your water tastes different when it's in a reusable plastic bottle, a new study finds it may be a cause for worry.
Two scientists, Jan Christensen and Selina Tisler, have undertaken a study about which chemicals （化学物质）in reusable plastic bottles go into the water. They let water sit for 24 hours in new bottles, in used bottles and in bottles that had just come out of a dishwashing machine. After that, they compared what they found in the water in the different bottles.
The results were quite a surprise. More than 400 difierent chemicals had leached （析出） from new plastic bottles into the water. Water stored in used plastic bottles had the highest levels of plastic-related chemicals. Running the bottles through a dishwasher worsened the leaching. After a single washing, more than 3,.500 difierent chemicals ended up in a bottle's water. Many of these were related to dishwasher soap （洗碗皂） and remained even after a second washing with running water. What's more, dishwashing itself also caused more plastic chemicals to leach.
Similar discoveries were also made by Pat Hunt, a biologist at Washington State University. She found that heat can cause chemicals to move out of plastics. Hot water in a dishwasher helps to clean dishes. But plastics can start to break down if they are in hot water repeatedly, "Plastics just shouldn't go in the dishwasher, " she concludes.
Christensen and Tisler5s study found some chemicals that are probably harmful. Future studies could make clear how much of each chemical is there. And that's important. Just because a chemical is in the water doesn't mean it will cause problems. Much of the risk will depend on how much of a chemical actually gets into the body.
Hunt agrees. "This study is a starting point, " she says. It gives researchers ideas about what chemicals from reusable bottles are probably in water. But it doesn't tell us what risks the now-polluted water may bring to us. More research is needed.
Still, lowering exposures （接触）to plastic-related chemicals is probably a good idea. Hunt suggests using non-plastic bottles. "If you do use a plastic bottle, fill it up and use it right away, " Tisler adds. "It's best not to store water in them overnight or for long periods of time. "
27．What can we learn from the passage
A．The length of time water is kept in plastics matters.
B．Water in new plastic bottles has the most chemicals.
C．Drinking hot water in plastic bottles harms people's health.
D．Over 3,.500 plastic chemicals are found in dishwashed bottles.
28．According to the passage, further research is needed to find out ____.
A．whether chemicals actually enter the body
B．how plastic-related chemicals get into water
C．what risks plastic-related chemicals may cause
D．when people should throw away a plastic bottle
29．What is this passage mainly about
A．Improper usage of plastic bottles.
B．Various opinions about plastic bottles.
C．Unknown chemicals in plastic bottles.
D．Research findings about plastic bottles.
【答案】27．A
28．C
29．D
【知识点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一项由 Jan Christensen 和 Selina Tisler 进行的新研究发现，超过 400 种不同的化学物质会从新塑料瓶中析出到水中。储存在旧塑料瓶中的水含有最高的塑料相关化学物质水平，而将瓶子放入洗碗机则加剧了析出。许多这些化学物质与洗碗皂有关，甚至在第二次用流水洗涤后仍然存在。这项研究为研究人员提供了一个了解可重复使用塑料瓶中可能有害的化学物质的起点。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推断题和主旨题，推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
27．推断题。根据"If you do use a plastic bottle, fill it up and use it right away, " Tisler adds. "It's best not to store water in them overnight or for long periods of time如果你确实使用了一个塑料瓶，那就把它装满并立即使用。"。"最好不要在里面储存水过夜或长时间，可知水在塑料物质中保持的时间，故选A。
28．推断题。根据Just because a chemical is in the water doesn't mean it will cause problems. Much of the risk will depend on how much of a chemical actually gets into the body仅仅因为水中有化学物质并不意味着它会引起问题。很大程度上的风险将取决于有多少化学物质实际进入人体，可知需要进一步的研究来找出与塑料相关的化学品可能造成的风险，故选C。
29．主旨题。本文是一项由 Jan Christensen 和 Selina Tisler 进行的新研究发现，超过 400 种不同的化学物质会从新塑料瓶中析出到水中。储存在旧塑料瓶中的水含有最高的塑料相关化学物质水平，而将瓶子放入洗碗机则加剧了析出。许多这些化学物质与洗碗皂有关，甚至在第二次用流水洗涤后仍然存在。这项研究为研究人员提供了一个了解可重复使用塑料瓶中可能有害的化学物质的起点，可知本文主要介绍关于塑料瓶的研究结论，故选D。
阅读理解
Why do we do the things we do What drives our behavior Psychologists have suggested different ways of thinking about motivation （动机）, including looking at whether motivation arises from outside （extrinsic） or inside （intrinsic） a person.
Researchers have found that each type has a different effect on a person's behavior and efforts to achieve goals. To better understand the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on human behavior, it would help to learn how each type works.
Extrinsic motivation is when you are motivated to perform a behavior or take part in an activity because you want to get a reward （奖赏）or avoid punishment. You will take action not because you enjoy it, but because you expect to get something in return or avoid something unpleasant.
Intrinsic motivation is when you decide to do something because you find it satisfying. You are performing an activity for what it is not because you are after some external （外部的）reward. The behavior itself is its own reward.
Studies have shown that offering too many external rewards for an already internally rewarding behavior can reduce intrinsic motivation—which is known as the over justification （奖励过当）effect. For example, in a 2008 study, children who were rewarded for playing with a toy they had already expressed interest in playing with became less interested in the toy after being externally rewarded.
This is not to suggest that extrinsic motivation is a bad thing—it can be beneficial in some situations. For example, extrinsic motivation can be especially helpful when a person needs to complete a task that they find unpleasant.
Most people would accept that intrinsic motivation is best, but it is not always possible in every situation. Sometimes a person simply has no internal wish to join in an activity.
Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a key role in learning. Experts have argued that education's traditional stress on external rewards （such as grades, report cards, and gold stars） undermines any intrinsic motivation that students might already have. However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivators can help students feel more knowledgeable in the classroom, which in turn builds up their intrinsic motivation.
As professor David Myers put it, a person5s interest often survives when a reward is used neither to bribe （贿赂）nor to control but to show a job well done, as in a "most improved player" award. Put simply, rewards, rightly given, can increase enjoyment and motivate high performance.
Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people perform tasks and improve their learning.
30．You do something out of intrinsic motivation when you ____.
A．do schoolwork to get a good grade
B．work on a subject you find interesting
C．take part in a sport to receive recognition
D．clean your room to avoid criticism from your parents
31．Why does the writer mention the 2008 study in Paragraph.5
A．To explain the benefits of offering toys as rewards.
B．To prove external rewards can influence one5s interest.
C．To introduce how intrinsic motivation works in children.
D．To stress the importance of understanding intrinsic motivation.
32．The word "undermines" in Paragraph 8 means ____.
A．weakens B．separates C．improves D．encourages
33．The writer probably agrees that ____.
A．extrinsic motivation is key to one's achievement
B．intrinsic motivation has little to do with enjoying a task
C．properly-given rewards can encourage further improvement
D．offering rewards of any kind takes the fun out of an activity
【答案】30．B
31．B
32．A
33．C
【知识点】社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了内在动机和外在动机对人类行为的影响。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，词义猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。
30．推断题。根据Intrinsic motivation is when you decide to do something because you find it satisfying. You are performing an activity for what it is not because you are after some external reward. The behavior itself is its own reward可知，内在动机是当你决定做某件事，因为你觉得它令人满意，你正在进行一项活动，而不是因为你在追求一些外部奖励，这种行为本身就是一种回报，所以选项B研究一个你觉得有趣的主题是出于内在动力，故选B。
31．细节题。根据文Studies have shown that offering too many external rewards for an already internally rewarding behavior can reduce intrinsic motivation—which is known as the over justification effect，可知，作者提到2008年的研究是为了证明外部奖励可以影响一个人的兴趣，故选B。
32．词义猜测题。根据文中Experts have argued that education's traditional stress on external rewards…undermines any intrinsic motivation…和However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivators can help students…which in turn builds up their intrinsic motivation可知，undermines 应与builds up相反意义，意为减弱，破坏，与weakens同义，故选A。
33．细节题。根据Put simply, rewards, rightly given, can increase enjoyment and motivate high performance简单地说，奖励，如果给予得当，可以增加乐趣，激发高绩效，可知，适当的奖励可以鼓励进一步的进步，故选C。
四、阅读表达（共10分）
阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。
Fighting Wildfires through Invention
At the age of 13, Prisha Shroff saw something that made her want to change the world. She was in the car with her family on the way home, when a big wildfire came in sight and forced them to turn back.
"I saw it in person,.5, she says. "The air pollution was so bad that we were told not to step outside of our car, or outside of our house. "
At the same time, Prisha remembered seeing other wildfires on the news. She thought, "This isn't just a small problem, it's a worldwide problem." And she decided to look for a way to help.
The opportunity came when she attended her middle-school science fair. For her project, Prisha decided to design a system that could discover and put out wildfires. Using A. L and satellite imagery （卫星影像）, it could know where wildfires would take place and also discover active fires.
In 2021, Prisha won the Lemelson Award for Invention, whose goal is to encourage young future scientists, engineers, and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges. "That was the first big prize that I'd gotten, she says. "It really gave me confidence to find ways to solve big problems, and that I have the ability to make a big difference. "
Now 16, Prisha is working hard on her design to help fire stations. It is a drone sent to an active fire to spread retardant （阻燃剂）. " If they discover a wildfire, the drone can fly there, put it out, and come back。"Prisha says.
Prisha is crazy about creating solutions to not only mitigate （缓解）wildfires, but also the effects of climate change in general. "This is our planet, we should take care of it, " she says. Prisha now runs a special program at her school, and has spoken at the United Nations about the importance of learning certain knowledge and coming up with more inventions to help fight against climate change.
To future young inventors, Prisha says the key is to not simply hope something happens, but to actually try hard to make it happen, "You don't need to change the whole world, but you can still change someone's whole world, " she says.
34．What did Prisha see on the way home
35．What is the goal of Lemelson Award for Invention!
36．How will Prisha's drone help fire stations
37．Among Prisha's qualities （品格）, which one（s） do you value the most Why
【答案】34．A big wildfire.
35．To encourage young future scientists, engineers, and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges.
36．By spreading retardant to put out fires.
37．略
【知识点】任务型阅读；人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了普丽莎发明了阻燃剂，获得了Lemelson发明奖的故事。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
34．根据She was in the car with her family on the way home, when a big wildfire came in sight and forced them to turn back可知，普丽莎在回家的路上看到了一场大火。
35．故答案为A big wildfire。根据In 2021, Prisha won the Lemelson Award for Invention, whose goal is to encourage young future scientists, engineers, and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges可知，Lemelson发明奖的目的是，为了鼓励年轻的未来科学家、工程师、发明家，去解决一些世界上的巨大挑战。故答案为To encourage young future scientists, engineers, and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges。
36．根据Now 16, Prisha is working hard on her design to help fire stations. It is a drone sent to an active fire to spread retardant可知，普丽莎帮助了消防站，通过撒阻燃剂的方式。故答案为By spreading retardant to put out fires。
37．在普里希拉的特质中，最看重的是她的创造力，因为她可以用自己的创造力改变世界。故答案为Her creativity. Because she can use her creativity to make a difference to the world.
五、文段表达（10分）
38． 从下面两个题目中任选一题, 根据中文和英文提示, 完成一篇不少于50词 的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。 请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假如你是李华, 你校英语社团公众号计划做主题为"The Most Beautiful Season in Beijing "的系列推送。请你用英语给公众号留言, 推荐一个你心目中北京最美的 季节, 并说明理由。
提示词语：flowers, colorful, activity, weather
提示问题：
What's the most beautiful season in Beijing
Why do you love it
Each season in Beijing has its special beauty.
题目②
鼓励宛如融融春风, 温暖着每个人的心灵。
某英文网站正在开展主题为" The Power of Encouragement"的征文活动。假 如你是李华, 请你用英语写一篇短文投稿, 介绍一次你受到鼓励的经历, 并谈 谈这次经历对你的影响。
提示词语：improve, confident, effort, hope
提示问题：
What was the experience
What have you learnt from it
Everyone needs to be encouraged now and then.
【答案】题目①
Each season in Beijing has its special beauty. However, the most beautiful season in my mind is spring.
Spring in Beijing is the most colorful time of the whole year. From the first sight of green on the trees, to the vibrantly colored flowers, the spirit of renewal can be felt everywhere.
In my opinion, the most beautiful season in Beijing is spring. The reason why I love spring so much is that it's the season of flowers. You know, Beijing has many beautiful parks and gardens, such as the Summer Palace, the Beihai Park, and the Yuyuantan park. In spring, all these parks are full of colorful flowers, like cherry blossoms, peach blossoms, and azaleas. It's such a feast for the eyes! Besides, the weather in spring is just perfect. It's neither too cold nor too hot. It's the best time for outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking. I love to go to the parks with my friends and family to enjoy the beautiful spring days.
So, I recommend spring as the most beautiful season in Beijing. I hope you can share more stories and photos about the beauty of spring in Beijing.
题目②
Dear website editor,
I'm Li Hua, a student from China. I heard about your website's theme "The Power of Encouragement" and I'd like to share my experience with encouragement.
Last year, I participated in a public speaking competition. I was very nervous and afraid of making mistakes.幸运的是,我的老师 and classmates gave me a lot of encouragement. They told me, "You can do it, Li Hua! Just believe in yourself and put in your best effort." This encouragement made me feel more confident and determined. I practiced hard and finally, I won the first prize in the competition.
This experience has taught me the importance of encouragement. It motivates us to make efforts and improve ourselves. It gives us hope and courage to face challenges. From now on, I will try my best to encourage others and pass on the positive energy.
Thank you for your attention.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲类作文，本文要求为"The Most Beautiful Season in Beijing "的系列推送。请你用英语给公众号留言，推荐一个你心目中北京最美的 季节, 并说明理由，文章时态要用一般现在时，人称主要用第一第三人称。在写作的时候，可以使用first，second 进行列举，使文章显得更加条理。最后检查所用时态，人称是否符合要求；检查段落是否完整，句子表达是否准确，语法，拼写，标点，移行，大小写等方面是否有误。
【点评】本文结构紧凑，语言简练，要点齐全，文中the spirit of，a long period of，is excited about等词汇的使用，使上下文意连接紧密 ，本文还采用了丰富的句型，比如运用了最高级the most beautiful season in my mind is spring，比较级People do more outdoor activities: kites fly in等用法，大大增加了信息的容量，使文章增色不少。
【分析】这是一篇提纲类作文，某英文网站正在开展主题为" The Power of Encouragement"的征文活动。假 如你是李华, 请你用英语写一篇短文投稿, 介绍一次你受到鼓励的经历, 并谈 谈这次经历对你的影响，需要写的内容已经给出，突出介绍经历是什么，你从中学到了什么，每个人都需要不时得到鼓励。时态用一般过去时，人称用第一，第三人称介绍。
【点评】本文结构紧凑，语言简练，要点齐全，文中to get prepared，plan to doencourage sb to do，compete with，be proud of等词汇的使用，使上下文意连接紧密 ，本文还采用了丰富的句型，比如运用了时间状语从句When I was in junior two, I signed up for a volunteer activity to help kids in a remote primary school to learn English，宾语从句This experience has helped me realize the power of encouragement and now I am more willing to offer it to others等复合句，大大增加了信息的容量，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。