2024年中考英语复习专题★★初中英语语法——六大时态
概念：英语中表示_______时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的_______形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。
一．一般现在时
1. 结构
①________+________；②________+动词_______
2. 含义&用法
1）表示_____________________发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频率的副词连用。
常用的频率副词：_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________频率副词在句中通常放在行为动词前，系动词、助动词后。
例如: He often _________ (go) swimming in summer.
I usually _________(leave) home for school at 7 every morning.
2）表示主语具备的______________________等。
例如：All my family love football.
My sister is always ready to help others.
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
3）表示_____________________________。
例如：The earth __________(move) around the sun.
Shanghai _________(lie) in the east of China.
4）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用___________来表示将来。（___________）
例如： I'll tell him the news as soon as he ________(come) back.
If you ________(take) the job, they will talk with you in greater details.
3. 动词单三变化规则
① ________________________ make-makes
② ________________________ study-studies
③ ________________________ mix-mixes wash-washes watch-watches go-goes
④ have变has
二．一般过去时
1. 结构
①主语+____________+其他；②主语+______________+其他
2. 含义&用法
1）表示_______________时间里发生的_______或_______。常和表示过去的时间状语_____________________________________________________________________________等连用。
例如：Where _______you ________(go) just now
I __________(buy) a present for my mother yesterday.
2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often, always等表示频率的副词连用。
例如：When I _______ (be) a child, I often __________(play) football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
3. 动词过去式规则变化ps: 动词过去式不规则变化请自行记忆
① ____________________________ cook-cooked
② ____________________________ study-studied
③ ____________________________ dance-danced
④ ____________________________ plan-planned shop-shopped
4. 注意点
1. 当没有明显的时间状语时，但描述几个相继发生过的动作,用_____或者_______等连接的情况
例如：I invited him to come to my party but he _________ (refuse).
2. since从句中常用___________时态
例如：It is four years since we _________ (buy) the computer.
The family have lived there since they _________ (move) to China in 2000.
三．一般将来时
1. 结构
结构1：主语+_________________+其他
结构2：主语+__________________+其他
2. 含义&用法
1） 表示_________时间里要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与_______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________等连用。
例如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
2）表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用于______________________________________等后面的从句。（结合语境）
例如：I think she’ll go back home for supper.
Maybe she’ll go to the gym.
3）be going to表示将来。表示说话人的___________________或根据迹象判断很可能发生的事情。
例如：What are you going to do tomorrow
The play is going to be produced next month.
4）_______________________________________等位移动词的______时态可表示即将发生的动作。
例如：I'm leaving for Beijing.
四．现在进行时
1. 结构：
主语+_________________________
2. 含义&用法：
1）表示现在（指说话人说话时）________________________。常与________________________等时间状语连用。注：如果句首有警示性动词________________等，通常情况下为现在进行时。
例如：We _____________(wait) for you now.
Listen! The bird ______________(sing) in the tree.
2）表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
五．现在完成时
1. 结构：
主语+____________+_____________
2. 含义&用法
1）发生在过去的动作，对现在仍有影响。强调________________。往往同模糊的时间状语连用, 如_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________等。
例如：Mr. Wang has just ________(come) back from America.
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child ________(already/yet)
Peter has __________(write) six novels so far.
I haven't received your letter up to now.
Tom has been busy in the past few years.
注意点：
★have/has gone to, have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别
have/ has gone to _____________________ （常出现在询问“某人在哪里”的对话中）
have/ has been to _____________________ （常与ever, never, before, just, 次数等词连用）
have/ has been in _______________ （常与表一段时间的时间状语连用，如“since, for, how long”）
e.g. She has _________ to Shanghai before.
She has been _____ Shanghai for ten years.
Where is Amy She has_______ to Qingdao.
2）现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作______________，常与_____或_____等表示一段时间的状语连用。for与_________连用，since与_________连用。注意：since后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。
e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice _______ 1970.
I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.
I have been away from home ___________10 years.
注意：现在完成时非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
常见的非延续性动词及与之对应的延续性动词或“be+表语”结构（动作 — 状态）
come / go / arrive / get / reach / move --- _______ open --- _______ die --- _______ close --- ________ become --- ________ borrow --- _________ fall ill--- ________
buy --- _________ leave ----__________ begin / start ---- ________ fall asleep ---_________
end/finish ---- ________ marry---__________ join --- _______________
例：吉姆买这支笔已有两年了。
Jim ________(buy) this pen two years ago.
Jim has had this pen for two years.
Jim has had this pen since two years ago.
Jim has had this pen since 2020.
It is two years since Jim bought this pen.
六．过去进行时
1. 结构：
主语+____________________________
2. 用法：
1）表示过去_________或__________正在_________的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如_______________________________________________________________
___________________和__________或________引导的时间状语从句等。
My family _______________(watch) TV at that time yesterday.
When I ________(arrive), Tom _____________(talk) on the phone.
What ______ you ___________(do) at 9:00 o’clock yesterday morning
注意：1）以while引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常译为“当……的时候，同时”。
Tom ___________(do) his homework while his sister _____________(watch) TV.
2）短暂性动词不能用过去进行时。常见短暂性动词: arrive/reach, return, leave, go, come, open, fall, die, get up, go to bed, wake up, buy, sell ...
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