2022-2023学年高考前适应性训练考试
高三英语
注意事项：
1.考试时间为120分钟，满分150分。
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man care most about the phone
A. Its price. B. Its design. C. Its model.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Could you tell me how much the phone costs
W: Around $ 800. This is the latest model, and it’s very popular with white collars.
M: Do you offer any discount If not, could you introduce me something cheaper
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How does the man prefer to go to the airport
A. By taxi. B. By subway. C. By bus.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: What about going to the airport by bus I want to have a good look at the city before leaving.
M: I don’t think that’s a good idea. We don’t have much time.
W: Then what about taking a taxi
M: No. Remember, we still have a cheap and fast choice. We can take the subway.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation. take place
A. In an office. B. In a restaurant. C. In a store.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Excuse me, would it be possible to get a table for three now
M: I’m afraid all of our tables are filled right now, ma’am. It should be 20 to 30 minutes before a table is available. If you like, you can sit at the front and look at the menu while you’re waiting.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman do to cool down
A. Go outside. B. Open the window. C. Turn on the air conditioner.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Could you please open the window It’s a little hot in here.
W: Do you mind if I turn on the air conditioner instead It’s a busy street so I’m afraid it would be noisy outside.
M: Not at all. That would be great.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A robot. B. A zoo. C. A hotel.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Have you heard of FlyZoo Hotel in Hangzhou
M: Yes. It is Alibaba’s first “future hotel”. No people work there but robots. I expect to stay there one day.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Why is John calling Maria
A. To ask for a ride. B. To discuss a meeting. C. To borrow her car.
7. When will the speakers meet
A. At 7:10. B. At 7:30. C. At 7:40.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Maria. It’s John. Sorry to call you so early. Can you give me a ride to work this morning My car broke down late last night, and it’s being fixed in the repair shop.
W: I’d be delighted to, but I have to go to work early to prepare for an important meeting. Do you mind leaving 30 minutes earlier than usual
M: Not at all!I will be ready to be picked up in 10 minutes, that’s 7:30.
W: You can make that 20. I need some time to get dressed before going out.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What problem did Jack meet in Florida
A. He got sun-burnt badly.
B. The weather was changeable.
C. There were too many tourists.
9. With whom did the woman go to Queens town
A. Her friends. B. Her father. C. Her husband.
10. What will the woman do for Jack
A. Buy him a gift. B. Teach him how to dive. C. Show him some pictures.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Well, how was your honeymoon, Jack
M: It was fantastic! We had such a good time in Florida. But it was their high season, so we spent hours queuing.
W: Was the weather fine there
M: Yes. Florida had great weather while we were there. By the way, you look sunburnt. Where have you traveled
W: Well, my husband was busy with his work. My friends and I just got back from Queenstown, New Zealand.
M: Wow! Queens town has some of the best beaches in the world, doesn’t it
W: Yes, we are lucky. My friend’s father owned a resort there. We visited the place free. The scenery there attracts us. By the way, I bought a gift for you there. Here you are.
M: Oh, thank you so much. Did you take diving classes while you were there
W: Yes.
M: Diving must be very interesting. Did you take any pictures
W: Yeah. I’ve also got quite a few pictures of all different kinds of fishes. I’ll show them to you.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Brother and sister. B. Classmates. C. Teacher and student.
12. When will Teresa sign up for after-school tutoring
A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday.
13. What will the boy do next
A. Call Mr. Brown. B. Apologize to Nancy. C. Buy a new doll house.
【答案】11. B 12. B 13. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Teresa, it’s break time and what are you busy doing
W: I’ve been trying to solve this physics problem.
M: We have to turn it in before Friday. It’s only Monday today. Why not get some after-school tutoring
W: Good idea! I guess I will go to sign up for the Wednesday session tomorrow. I’ll be free that day M: OK. Since your problem has been solved, could you give me a hand I need to build a new doll house for my sister Nancy. I put away her doll house from her room. Accidentally I dropped it on the ground and it was broken into pieces.
W: Oh, it’s terrible! But I have never built anything before. Mr. Brown used to be a carpenter. You can ask if he could help you. Why don’t you give him a call
M: You are right. With Mr. Brown’s help, I can finish it in no time.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. At what age did Michael’s grandfather retire
A. 55. B. 58. C. 61.
15. How would his retired life be in Michael’s grandfather’s opinion
A. Colorful. B. Poor. C. Dull.
16. Why did Michael’s grandfather finally retire
A. To help out a young man.
B. To work at the Union Office.
C. To spend time with his family.
17. What is Michael’s grandfather learning now
A. Skating. B. Painting. C. Swimming.
【答案】14. A 15. C 16. A 17. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Michael, who is the old man in the picture
M: It’s my grandfather He took it while he was still working at the construction field.
W: So has he retired from the construction field
M: Yes. He’s sixty-one years old now, and he retired six years ago. But he had trouble deciding if he should retire at first.
W: Why
M: Because he felt he was still strong Besides, he really loved working. He feared his retired life would be too boring
W: Then why did he decide to retire in the end
M: He made the decision after he ran into a younger man who was his former workmate. The young man had a
wife and three children and was finding it difficult to make ends meet since he hadn’t worked for some time.
So the next morning. my grandfather went to the Union Office and handed in his retirement paperwork. As for his replacement, he gave them the name of the young man.
W: Your grandfather was really awesome. So what does he do now
M: He is still busy taking courses to learn new things. He learned swimming last year. And now he’s attending a painting class.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. What did wildlife officials decide to do with the washed-up dolphin
A. Clear her stomach. B. Put her back to the sea. C. Kill her in a painless way.
19. What was still unknown yet
A. Why the dolphin got sick.
B. Whether the dolphin was pregnant.
C. What was in the dolphin’s stomach.
20. Where is the talk probably being given
A. In a lecture hall. B. At a radio studio. C. On the beach.
【答案】18. C 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Now the last news of this hour. A female dolphin washed up on Florida’s Fort Myers Beach on Tuesday, according to local news station WFLA. Rescue workers had tried to save the young animal, but she was in such poor health that wildlife officials decided to kill her in a painless way. On Friday, photos of the dolphin’s stomach contents were posted on the Internet, showing she had eaten two plastic bags along with a piece of a balloon. While officials noted the stomach contents were an important finding. They said that it was as yet unclear what exactly caused the dolphin’s illness. Even so, the post said that the presence of the bags and balloon shows the need to reduce single-use plastic. Reports of sea animals found with plastic in their stomachs are becoming common. In March, 2019, a pregnant whale washed up dead off the coast of Italy with 49 pounds of plastic in her stomach. The same month, a beached whale found dead on the shores of the Philippines had 88 pounds of plastic in its stomach, including many plastic bags. Thank you for your listening. What comes next is Health Time.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Social workers’ roles in assisting individuals and communities have become necessary. Many disadvantaged individuals and communities need their support. They are highly valued. The following are some of them.
School social workers.
These social workers create strategies to help students’ academic performance and social development with teachers and parents. They assist, students with issues such as bullying (欺凌). School social workers also talk with families to solve absences from class or access to special education resources. While school social workers and guidance advisers share some similarities, they have some differences. School social workers focus more on a student’s personal life.
Child and family social workers.
These social workers assist families safeguard children. They support families in finding housing and childcare services and assist in applying for benefits. When children are badly treated, they will bring them to a better living situation. Some work to reunite separated families or organize adoptions (收养).
Health care social workers.
These social workers help patients understand their diagnoses and adjust their lifestyles. They also help doctors understand how illnesses affect their patients’ mental and emotional health. Social work with seniors and the elderly, long-term pain management and medical social work are a few of the specialties of health care social workers.
Mental health and substance abuse social workers.
These social workers assist patients who have mental illnesses or addictions. They educate the patients on how to deal with their condition. Typically, those specializing in mental health and substance abuse social work are licensed clinical social workers, allowing them to diagnose and provide treatment for their patients.
21. What do school social workers do
A. Help safeguard kids.
B. Provide treatment for students.
C. Improve students’ academic performance.
D. Help doctors understand the effect of illnesses on patients.
22 Which kind of social workers should a man turn to if he is addicted to wine
A. School social workers.
B. Health care social workers.
C. Child and family social workers.
D. Mental health and substance abuse social workers.
23. What is the purpose of the text
A. To introduce. B. To inform. C. To advertise. D. To persuade.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为应用文。介绍了四种不同类型的社会工作者及他们的工作内容。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。由School social workers.部分“These social workers create strategies to help students’ academic performance and social development with teachers and parents.(这些社会工作者制定策略来帮助学生的学习成绩和与老师和家长的社会发展。)”可知，学校社工是提高学生的学习成绩的。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由Mental health and substance abuse social workers.部分“These social workers assist patients who have mental illnesses or addictions.(这些社会工作者帮助患有精神疾病或毒瘾的病人。)”可知，如果一个人对酒上瘾，他应该找精神健康和药物滥用社会工作者。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Social workers’ roles in assisting individuals and communities have become necessary. Many disadvantaged individuals and communities need their support. They are highly valued. The following are some of them.(社会工作者在帮助个人和社区方面的作用已经变得必要。许多处境不利的个人和社区需要他们的支持。他们的价值很高。以下是其中的一些。)”可知，本文介绍了四种不同类型的社会工作者及他们的工作内容，因此其目的是介绍。故选A。
B
My mother suffered COPD and heart failure, which made her have great difficulty breathing or catching her breath. For the last 5 years of her life, my most common memory was of her leaned over an outdoor trash can, trying to get enough air.
I was away getting my Master’s in Theatre Arts when she passed away. My mind was unhinged (精神错乱的). They pulled me off my desk and took me to the local mental health facility. I was just at tech week for the show Fefu and Her Friends. My office mate and fellow director Sarah Jane Hardy took over the production and saw it safely through.
But this is just the beginning of the kindness that surrounded me. She sat with me in my apartment when I returned and let me fall apart in a safe space. My dad traveled with me from Phoenix to Utah to see the final performance. My department chair allowed me to fold over my thesis (论文)and turn it into an MA researched thesis so I could return home at the end of the year having graduated. My roommates helped motivate me to go to classes.
This was one of the hardest chapters in my life and so many people came to help me to heal. I think before this time I would have prized intelligence or education as the highest trait (特点) in a person, but afterwards, I’ve felt that kindness defines people most. The world would be a cold place if we did not have friends who showed it openly in our times of need.
24. What was the author’s common memory of her mother in her last years
A. Suffering heart attacks.
B Cleaning an outdoor trash can.
C. Trying to catch her breath.
D. Doing everyday housework carefully.
25. How did Sarah Jane Hardy show her kindness
A. She traveled with the author.
B. She allowed the author to fold over her thesis.
C. She helped motivate the author to go to classes.
D. She took over the production of Fefu and Her Friends.
26. What is the most important thing to define a person according to the author
A. Courage. B. Kindness. C. Education. D. Intelligence.
27. What is the best title for the text
A. The Hardest Task I Met
B. The Last Days of My Mother
C. The Darkest Days of My Life
D. The Kindness People Showed Me
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为记叙文。讲述了作者在母亲去世后，情绪低落时受到好心人帮助的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“For the last 5 years of her life, my most common memory was of her leaned over an outdoor trash can trying to get enough air. (在她生命的最后5年里，我最常见的记忆是她靠在户外垃圾桶上，试图获得足够的空气。)”可知，作者对她母亲最后的记忆是：呼吸困难，尽力喘气。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I was just at tech week for the show Fefir and Her Friends. My officemate and fellow director Sarah Jane Hardy took over the production and saw it safely through. (我刚刚参加了《费菲尔和她的朋友》的科技周。我的同事兼导演莎拉·简·哈迪接手了这部电影，并安全地完成了拍摄。)”可知，Sarah Jane Hardy帮助作者完成了Fefu and Her Friends这部作品。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“I think before this time I would have prized intelligence or education as the highest trait(特点) in a person, but afterwards. , I’ve felt that kindness defines people most. (我想在这之前，我会把智力或教育视为一个人的最高特质，但在这之后，我觉得善良最能定义人。)”可知，作者认为善良是决定一个人最重要的因素。故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“My mother suffered COPD and heart failure, which made her have great difficulty breathing or catching her breath. For the last 5 years of her life, my most common memory was of her leaned over an outdoor trash can, trying to get enough air. (我母亲患有慢性阻塞性肺病和心力衰竭，这使她呼吸困难。在她生命的最后5年里，我最常见的记忆是她靠在户外垃圾桶上，试图获得足够的空气。)”和最后一段“I think before this time I would have prized intelligence or education as the highest trait(特点) in a person, but afterwards. , I’ve felt that kindness defines people most. (我想在这之前，我会把智力或教育视为一个人的最高特质，但在这之后，我觉得善良最能定义人。)”可知，本文为记叙文，主要讲述了作者在母亲去世后，情绪低落时受到好心人帮助的故事。故选D。
C
What will astronauts wear in more than 50 years A brand-new spacesuit is developing.
Called the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EEMU), the spacesuit protects astronauts from the tough environment of the lunar surface, which is quite different from that astronauts have been exploring for the past few decades in low Earth orbit.
Progress on the suit has been overshadowed(使不快乐). “The EEMU represents the first new spacesuit that NASA has developed in over 40 years, George Nield, previously the associate administrator for commercial space transportation at the Federal Aviation Administration, said. “So far, it looks like things are pretty on schedule.”
Nield outlined the agency’s plan to build five EEMU suits in the initial (最初的)group. One for design tests is almost done and should be completed in December. A second will be built for qualification testing and a third will be tested in orbit on the International Space Station. The final two suits of the set will walk on the moon in 2024 on a mission called Artemis 3.
In addition to the main spacesuits, each astronaut will also require an internal cooling garment (衣服), and NASA has now completed the first prototype of that undergarment, according to Nield. And the agency also needs to upgrade the backpack—like Portable Life Support System that astronauts carry to stay alive.
Meanwhile, NASA got a sense of how the new suit will perform on the moon by testing the design underwater. Underwater, astronauts can get a feel for moving around in a spacesuit and using the tools they will operate during a spacewalk. Lately, NASA has been using the pool to study movements like collecting moon rock and dust, navigating a ladder and planting a flag in the lunar surface.
28. Why does the author ask a question at the beginning of the text
A. To make readers think.
B. To put forward the topic of the text.
C. To seek for some information.
D. To exchange opinions with readers.
29. What is George Nield’s attitude towards progress on EEMU
A. Satisfied. B. Disappointed. C. Puzzled. D. Shocked.
30. What does the underlined word “prototype” mean in Paragraph 4
A. Sample. B. Copy. C. Test. D. Design.
31. How did scientists know the performance of the spacesuit on the moon
A. By testing it in the lab.
B. By learning from other scientists.
C. By testing it underwater.
D. By comparing it with other spacesuits.
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了NASA正在研发的一款新的宇航服EEMU。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段的内容“A brand-new spacesuit is developing. Called the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EEMU), the spacesuit protects astronauts from the tough environment of the lunar surface, which is quite different from that astronauts have been exploring for the past few decades in low Earth orbit. ”（一种全新的宇航服正在研制中。被称为探索舱外机动单元(EEMU)的宇航服可以保护宇航员免受月球表面恶劣环境的伤害，这与宇航员过去几十年在近地轨道探索的情况大不相同。）结合文章开头的问题“What will astronauts wear in more than 50 years (50多年后宇航员会穿什么 )”可土地，问题是为了引出话题——一款新的宇航服。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“Progress on the suit has been overshadowed(使不快乐). “The EEMU represents the first new spacesuit that NASA has developed in over 40 years, George Nield, previously the associate administrator for commercial space transportation at the Federal Aviation Administration, said. “So far, it looks like things are pretty on schedule.””（宇航服的进展是扫兴的。前美国联邦航空管理局负责商业太空运输的副局长乔治·尼尔德说: “ EEMU是美国国家航空航天局40多年来开发的第一套新型太空服。到目前为止，一切似乎都在按计划进行。”）可知George Nield认为EEMU的进度似乎在按照计划进行，因此推断是不满意的。故选B。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。由文章第三段“Nield outlined the agency’s plan to build five EEMU suits in the initial(最初的)group. One for design tests is almost done and should be completed in December. ”（Nield概述了该机构的计划是建立五个 EEMU。一个设计测试已经基本完成，应该在12月份完成。）可知最初会做出五套这款宇航服用于测试，结合第四段“... NASA has now completed the first prototype of that undergarment”（美国宇航局现在已经完成了内衣的第一个prototype）可推断，划线词是样品的意思。故选A。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Meanwhile, NASA got a sense of how the new suit will perform on the moon by testing the design underwater. ”（与此同时，美国宇航局通过在水下测试新宇航服的设计，了解其在月球上性能如何。）可知科学家是在水下完成测试，从而得知这款宇航服的性能的。故选C。
D
Environmental conditions experienced by parent plants can influence offspring performance through parental effects induced(感应的) by DNA. The offspring can also be influenced by environmental conditions experienced by their parents via soil legacy(遗产) effects due to changes in the composition of soil.
We conducted a two-phase experiment with five genotypes(基因型) of a clonal plant. In the first phase, we grew parent plants of each genotype under two light conditions and two DNA treatments. We then collected soils and clonal offspring for each genotype from each of these four treatments and measured soil properties. In the second phase, we grew the offspring from each of the four treatments in the four different soils, under the two light conditions.
When grown under environmental light condition and in soil from environmental parents, offspring produced by environmental parents grew larger than offspring produced by shaded parents when the parents were treated with water. This difference was smaller when the parents were treated with 5-7°C, and disappeared when the offspring were grown in soil from shaded parents. The growth difference was also observed when the offspring were grown under shaded condition and in soil from shaded parents. However, this difference was greater when the parents were treated with 5-7°C, and disappeared when the offspring were grown in soil from environmental parents.
Our results show that light condition experienced by parents can influence offspring responses to light through both parental effects and soil legacies. The parental effects were mediated(调节) by changes in DNA and the soil legacies. These impacts may eventually influence the ecological and evolutionary track of clonal plant populations.
32. What is the text mainly about
A. Environmental conditions are important to offspring performance.
B. Offspring performance can be controlled by DNA and the soil legacies.
C. Environmental conditions experienced by parent plants can influence offspring.
D. Light condition experienced by parents can influence offspring responses to light.
33. How did the researchers get the result
A. They carried out a survey.
B. They conducted an experiment.
C. They analyzed existing data.
D. They collected information from others.
34. What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A. Growth difference only happens under environmental light condition.
B. Offspring of environmental parents grow smaller than offspring of shaded parents.
C. No growth difference appears when offspring are grown in soil from shaded parents.
D. Growth difference varies when parents are treated with 5-7°C under different conditions.
35. Where is the text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A magazine. C. A novel. D. A notebook.
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了植物后代会受到其父母所经历的环境条件的影响。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Environmental conditions experienced by parent plants can influence offspring performance through parental effects induced(感应的) by DNA. The offspring can also be influenced by environmental conditions experienced by their parents via soil legacy(遗产) effects due to changes in the composition of soil. (亲本植物所经历的环境条件可以通过DNA引起的亲本效应影响后代的表现。由于土壤成分的变化，后代也会受到父母所经历的环境条件的影响，通过土壤遗产效应。)”可知，文章主要介绍了植物后代会受到其父母所经历的环境条件的影响。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“We conducted a two-phase experiment with five genotypes(基因型) of a clonal plant. (我们对克隆植物的五种基因型进行了两阶段实验。)”可知，研究人员是通过做实验来得出结论的。故选B。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“When grown under environmental light condition and in soil from environmental parents, offspring produced by environmental parents grew larger than offspring produced by shaded parents when the parents were treated with water. This difference was smaller when the parents were treated with 5-7°C. The growth difference was also observed when the offspring were grown under shaded condition and in soil from shaded parents. However, this difference was greater when the parents were treated with5-7°C, (当在环境光照条件下和在环境亲本土壤中生长时，环境亲本的后代比遮荫亲本在水处理下生长的后代大。当父母接受5-7°C的治疗时，这种差异较小。当后代在遮荫条件下和遮荫父母的土壤中生长时，也观察到了生长差异。然而，当父母接受5-7°C的治疗时，这种差异更大)”可知，在不同条件下父母接受5-7°C的治疗导致子辈差距变化是不一样的。故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Environmental conditions experienced by parent plants can influence offspring performance through parental effects induced(感应的) by DNA. The offspring can also be influenced by environmental conditions experienced by their parents via soil legacy(遗产) effects due to changes in the composition of soil. (亲本植物所经历的环境条件可以通过DNA引起的亲本效应影响后代的表现。由于土壤成分的变化，后代也会受到父母所经历的环境条件的影响，通过土壤遗产效应。)”可知，文章介绍了植物后代会受到其父母所经历的环境条件的影响，属于科普知识，最有可能出现在科普杂志上。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People with satisfying relationships and positive emotions live healthier and longer. ___36___ Emotion regulation improves with age. We see improvement for most people, but not for everyone.
Why some people do not experience these improvements
Most of the people in these studies are people from Western rich societies. ___37___ And most of them are middle-class people who are pared to younger people of comparable status, the older people looked a lot better. But if they are in bad situations, you may not see these benefits.
Are these the kinds of things that weigh on young people’s minds
What’s really important for emotional well-being is to know that your future is secure. Younger people are healthy and expect to have a long life ahead of them. ___38___ As people get older, there is less time left and they start valuing emotional goals more. Older people will spend time with family and friends.
Is there a risk of becoming too emotionally comfortable
You can be so comfortable that you no longer meet any challenges and you really need to stay engaged in cognitive challenges. In a recent study, we asked over 2, 500 people about the relatively minor stressors they had experienced. About 10 percent of the people reported never having experienced even one. They also reported being happier than those who reported at least one. ___39___ They also reported having received or given less help to others and that they had spent more time watching TV.
___40___
People need to know themselves and make decisions that create lives where they are active and engaged in a way that makes them feel a sense of belonging. They need activities that are challenging for them, where they learn new information and remember this information. They need to engage in physical activities that maintain or even strengthen their physical health. They need to engage in behaviors that ensure their physical health and emotional well-being.
A. A lot of them have financial security.
B. What should people do to achieve balance
C. Young people are faced with constant stressors.
D. What should people do to stay happy and healthy
E. They value hard work and enjoy planning for the future.
F. What we also found was that they performed worse on cognitive tests.
G. Psychological well-being is related to lower levels of stress and better health.
【答案】36. G 37. A 38. E 39. F 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，主要讲述了良好的人际关系和情感状态有益健康以及如何保持良好的情感状态。
【36题详解】
空前说“People with satisfying relationships and positive emotions live healthier and longer.(拥有令人满意的人际关系和积极情绪的人活得更健康、更长寿。)”，空格处应阐释心理健康和身体健康的关系，G选项“Psychological well-being is related to lower levels of stress and better health.(心理健康与较低的压力水平和较好的健康状况有关。)”说明了心理健康和身体健康的关系，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
【37题详解】
空前说“Most of the people in these studies are people from Western rich societies.(这些研究中的大多数人都来自西方富裕社会。)”，空格后说“And most of them are middle-class people who are employed.(其中大部分是有工作的中产阶级。)”，空格处应该说他们富裕给他们带来了什么，A选项“A lot of them have financial security.(很多人都有经济保障。)”说明富裕社会给他们带来的东西，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
【38题详解】
空前说“Younger people are healthy and expect to have a long life ahead of them.(年轻人都很健康，希望有一个长寿的未来。)”，空前处应该对年轻人进行描述，E选项“They value hard work and enjoy planning for the future.(他们重视努力工作，喜欢规划未来。)”中的They指代前面的Younger people，描述了年轻人的特点，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
【39题详解】
空前说“In a recent study, we asked over 2, 500 people about the relatively minor stressors they had experienced. About 10 percent of the people reported never having experienced even one. They also reported being happier than those who reported at least one.(在最近的一项研究中，我们询问了2500多人关于他们经历过的相对较小的压力。大约10%的人表示从未经历过这种情况。据报道，他们也比那些至少有一种幸福感的人更快乐。)”，空后说“They also reported having received or given less help to others and that they had spent more time watching TV.(他们还报告说，他们接受或给予他人的帮助更少，而且他们花更多的时间看电视。)”，空格处应该说研究还发现了什么，F选项“What we also found was that they performed worse on cognitive tests.(我们还发现，他们在认知测试中的表现更差。)”是研究的发现，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【40题详解】
空格处是本段小标题，由空后的内容“People need to know themselves and make decisions that create lives where they are active and engaged in a way that makes them feel a sense of belonging. They need activities that are challenging for them, where they learn new information and remember this information. They need to engage in physical activities that maintain or even strengthen their physical health. They need to engage in behaviors that ensure their physical health and emotional well-being.(人们需要了解自己，做出决定，创造他们积极参与的生活，以一种让他们有归属感的方式。他们需要有挑战性的活动，在那里他们可以学习新信息并记住这些信息。他们需要参加体育活动，以维持甚至加强他们的身体健康。他们需要参与确保他们身体健康和情感幸福的行为。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要怎么才能情感状态和身体健康之间的平衡，B选项“What should people do to achieve balance (人们应该怎么做才能达到平衡？)”概括了本段内容，可作为本段小标题，故选B。
第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Fiona Famous was a popular girl. She got on well with everyone and was. so busy that she ___41___ spent time with individual friends. However, she felt lucky; no other girl had so many friends.
Everything ___42___ on National Friendship Day. Everyone had to make three ___43___ to give to their three best friends. Fiona enjoyed the task. When all the presents had been ___44___ , Fiona was the only one who had not ___45___ a present! She felt ___46___ and cried. How could it be possible No one ___47___ her as their best friend Everyone came and ___48___ her for a while. But all only stayed for a while. This was what Fiona had done so many times to others.
Arriving home, Fiona asked her mother where she could ___49___ true friends. “My dear,” answered her mother, “you cannot buy friends with a smile or a few good words. If you really want true friends, you will have to give them real time and ___50___ . You must be available in good and bad times.”
“But I want to be everybody’s friend! I need to share my ___51___ !” Fiona protested (声明).
“You can’t be a close friend to everybody. There isn’t enough time. It’s only ___52___ to have some true friends. Others will be playmates,” said her mother.
Hearing this, Fiona ___53___ she had not been a true friend. She had tried to pay attention to everyone, but that was not enough. To be close friends, you need to be ___54___ , understand what others are ___55___ and support them.
41. A. hardly B. eventually C. gradually D. finally
42. A. happened B. changed C. disappeared D. worsened
43. A. cakes B. promises C. presents D. comments
44. A. taken B. replaced C. sold D. shared
45. A. received B. possessed C. liked D. fixed
46. A. different B. terrible C. easy D. relaxing
47. A. promised B. asked C. saw D. hoped
48. A. congratulated B. persuaded C. reminded D. calmed
49. A. find B. look C. name D. run
50. A. energy B. affection C. money D. help
51. A. time B. belief C. dream D. gifts
52. A. natural B. usual C. possible D. necessary
53. A. proved B. realized C. guessed D. admitted
54. A. grateful B. generous C. available D. brave
55. A. working out B. going after C. looking after D. going through
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. A 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲的是Fiona Famous和每个人都是朋友，以致于她几乎没有时间和任何一位朋友待太长时间，国家友谊日的经历给了她当头一棒，事后Fiona Famous和母亲的谈话让她理解了友谊的真正含义。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她和每个人都相处得很好，而且很忙，几乎没有时间和单独的朋友在一起。A. hardly几乎不；B. eventually最后；C. gradually逐渐；D. finally最后。根据上文“She got on well with everyone and was. so busy”可知，Fiona Famous很忙，几乎没有时间和任何一位朋友待太长时间。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：国家友谊日那天，一切都变了。A. happened发生；B. changed改变；C. disappeared消失；D. worsened恶化。根据下文“When all the presents had been___4__ , Fiona was the only one who had not. __5___ a present”可知，在国家友谊日一切都变了。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都要做三件礼物送给他们最好的三个朋友。A. cakes蛋糕；B. promises承诺；C. presents礼物；D. comments评价。根据下文“When all the presents had been”可知，这里孩子们是制作礼物。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当所有的礼物都被分享后，Fiona是唯一一个没有收到礼物的人！A. taken拿走；B. replaced替换；C. sold出售；D. shared分享。根据上文“to give to their three best friends”可知，孩子们制作礼物是要分享给好朋友的。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当所有的礼物都被分享后，Fiona是唯一一个没有收到礼物的人！A. received收到；B. possessed拥有；C. liked喜欢；D. fixed固定。根据下文“cried. How could it be possible No one ___7__ her as their best friend”可知，礼物分享完后，Fiona是唯一没有收到一个礼物的人。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她感到很糟糕，哭了。A. different不同的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. easy容易的；D. relaxing令人放松的。根据上文“Fiona was the only one who had not__5__ a present”可知，因为她是唯一没有收到一个礼物的人，这让Fiona感到很糟糕。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人把她作为他们最好的朋友？A. promised答应；B. asked问；C. saw看待；D. hoped希望。根据下文“as their best friend”可知，没有人把Fiona当作是他/她最好的朋友，固定搭配see sb.as意为“视某人为”。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大家都过来安抚了她一会儿。A. congratulated祝贺；B. persuaded说服；C. reminded提醒；D. calmed使镇静。根据上文“She felt___6___and cried.”可知，Fiona在哭泣，所以大家来安抚她，空格处用calmed。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到家，Fiona问她母亲在哪里可以找到真正的朋友。A. find找到；B. look看；C. name命名；D. run跑。根据下文“you cannot buy friends with a smile or a few good words”可知，Fiona回到家问妈妈在哪里才能找到真正的朋友。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你真的想要真正的朋友，你必须给他们真正的时间和关爱。A. energy能量；B. affection关爱；C. money金钱；D. help帮助。根据下文“You must be available in good and bad times.”可知，妈妈告诉Fiona，真正的朋友是需要时间和关爱的。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但是我想成为每个人的朋友！我需要分享我的时间！”Fiona声称。A. time时间；B. belief信仰；C. dream梦想；D. gifts礼物。根据下文“There isn’t enough time.”可知Fiona谈论的是时间，故选A。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有可能有一些真正的朋友。A. natural自然的；B. usual通常的；C. possible可能的；D. necessary需要的。根据上文“You can’t be a close friend to everybody. There isn’t enough time.”可知，和每个人都成为好朋友是不可能的，因为我们的时间不允许。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：听到这些，Fiona意识到她并不是一个真正的朋友。A. proved证明；B. realized意识到；C. guessed猜想；D. admitted承认。根据空后“she had not been a true friend.”可知，听到妈妈的解释，Fiona意识到了自己以前的错误想法和行为。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要成为亲密的朋友，你需要随时待命，你需要了解别人正在经历什么，并支持他们。A. grateful感激的；B. generous慷慨的；C. available有空的；D. brave勇敢的。根据上文“You must be available in good and bad times”可知，要给朋友时间，因此空格处是“有空的”，故选C。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：要成为亲密的朋友，你需要随时待命，你需要了解别人正在经历什么，并支持他们。A. working out解决；B. going after追求；C. looking after照顾；D. going through经历。根据上文“If you really want true friends, you will have to give them real time and ___10__”可知，作为好朋友，你要在朋友需要时出现，要给朋友关爱，理解他们正在经历什么并且支持他们。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tianwen 1, China’s historic Mars mission, has ___56___ (successful) accomplished all its planned scientific tasks, according to the China National Space Administration. The administration said on Wednesday the Tianwen 1 mission orbiter has obtained medium-definition images of ___57___ entire planet, marking the completion of its scientific goals. The craft has circled Mars 1, 344 times so far and will continue to carry out extended remote-sensing operations and technological tests.
Tianwen 1, ___58___ (name) after an ancient Chinese poem, was launched on July 23, 2020. The craft traveled about 475 million kilometers and carried out several trajectory maneuvers (变轨) before entering Martian orbit ___59___ February last year.
Meanwhile, the Zhurong Mars rover (漫游者), which ___60___ (be) in dormant (休眠的) mode since mid-May, is expected to restart explorations in December, ___61___ the weather is more favorable.
The rover, named after the god of fire in ancient Chinese legend, touched down on the planet on May 15, 2021 and ___62___ (begin) to travel across the Martian surface a week later. Before it entered dormant mode, the 1.85-meter-tall, 240-kilogram robot traveled nearly 2, 000 meters and obtained much data and many ___63___ (image) on the road to its destination—the vast Martian plain where it landed.
By now, the 13 ___64___ (science) instruments on the orbiter and the rover have transmitted nearly 1, 040 gigabytes (十亿字节) of raw data back to Earth. The data has been delivered to Chinese scientists and has helped deepen the ___65___ (understand) of the Red Planet.
【答案】56. successfully
57. the 58. named
59. in 60. has been
61. when 62. began
63. images 64. scientific
65. understanding
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国的天问一号成功完成既定探索火星的任务。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：中国国家航天局表示，中国历史性的火星任务“天问一号”已成功完成所有计划的科学任务。设空处应为副词successfully修饰动词accomplished 。故填successfully。
【57题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：国家海洋局周三表示，“天问一号”任务轨道飞行器已经获得了整个地球的中清晰度图像，标志着其科学目标的完成。planet前加定冠词表特指，故填the。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“天问一号”以一首中国古诗命名，于2020年7月23日发射。句中谓语是was launched，空格处用非谓语动词，“Tianwen 1”和name之间是逻辑动宾关系，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填named。
【59题详解】
考查介词。句意：在去年2月进入火星轨道之前，该航天器飞行了大约4.75亿公里，并进行了几次轨道机动。February是月份，前面加介词in，故填in。
【60题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：与此同时，自5月中旬以来一直处于休眠状态的“Zhurong”号火星探测器预计将在12月天气更加有利的时候重新开始探索。由“since mid-May”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语which指代先行词“Zhurong Mars rover”，是单数，因此空格处是has been。故填has been。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：与此同时，自5月中旬以来一直处于休眠状态的“Zhurong”号火星探测器预计将在12月天气更加有利的时候重新开始探索。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词December是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。
【62题详解】
考查时态。句意：探测器以中国古代传说中火神命名，于2021年5月15日登陆火星，一周后开始在火星表面行驶。由“May 15, 2021”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填began。
【63题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：在进入休眠模式之前，这个高1.85米、重240公斤的机器人行走了近2000米，在通往目的地——它降落的广阔火星平原的路上获得了大量数据和图像。many后跟名词的复数，故填images。
【64题详解】
考查形容词。句意：到目前为止，轨道飞行器和探测器上的13个科学仪器已经向地球传回了近1040g的原始数据。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词instruments，science的形容词是scientific，意为“科学的”，故填scientific。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些数据已经交付给中国科学家，帮助加深了对这颗红色星球的了解。空格处用名词understanding作宾语，understanding意为“了解”，是不可数名词。故填understanding。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike即将到中国留学并在一个中国当地的家里居住。他写信想你询问和中国人共处需要注意什么，请你据此回信，内容包括：
1. 很高兴他将来中国；
2. 建议；
3. 期待他的游学成功。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mike,
How is everything going
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
How is everything going I am happy that you are going to study in China. You asked me about how to get along with your Chinese host family.
In fact, Chinese are friendly and easy-going, so you don't have to worry. I am sure you will be familiar with each other soon. Besides, Chinese are helpful. We are always ready to offer a helpful hand. As for Chinese holiday traditions, you'd better search for some knowledge on the internet before your arrival.
Sincerely hope you'll have an unforgettable and enjoyable learning experience in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文。要求考生给即将到中国留学并在一个中国当地的家里居住的英国笔友Mike写信，告诉他一些和中国人共处需要注意的事项。
【详解】1.词汇积累
打算：be going to→be about to
相处：get along with→get on with
事实上：In fact→as a matter of fact
此外：Besides→what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, Chinese are helpful. We are always ready to offer a helpful hand.
拓展句：Besides, Chinese are helpful, who are always ready to offer a helpful hand.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am sure you will be familiar with each other soon.（由省略连接词that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Sincerely hope you'll have an unforgettable and enjoyable learning experience in China.（由省略连接词that引导的宾语从句）
第二节读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Christmas I will never forget happened when I was 9. I believed in Santa with all my heart. How could I not when I received everything I wished for.
December 1st. Mom would announce, “It’s time.” Hearing those words, we all knew it was time to write our letters to Santa. One day I asked mom why we always wrote our letters on December 1st. She said because so many kids were writing letters to Santa, he needed time to read them and make all the toys the kids wanted. Once our letters were finished, mom would put them in her purse and mail them the next day.
Christmas Eve finally arrived. We were all so excited. We did our Christmas Eve traditions. Daddy read us The Night Before Christmas’ story. Then it was time for sleep. I had such a good feeling about Christmas this year. It was difficult to fall asleep. But sleep finally came and so did Christmas morning. I woke up hearing my brothers yelling. Jimmy came running and jumping on my bed. “Santa’s been here, sister! Let’s open presents!”
We ran down the stairs. Our eyes were glowing like wildfire as we eyed over the presents under the tree. My brothers and I quickly snuggled (依偎) among the packages. We all watched as each person unwrapped a gift. I kept watching as my brothers unwrapped gifts. My dad didn’t hand me any package. “This year you are going to be the last to get your presents because you are the oldest.” he declared. I didn’t think anything of it, so I whispered “OK.”
One by one all of the packages had been opened. There was none left. I couldn’t understand. I had been so good this year. Tears began sliding down my cheeks. I ran up to my room. My mom went up the stairs for me to come back down. Dad wanted to talk to me, Sobbing, I slowly made my way back.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dad signed to me to follow him.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The memory of that Christmas stayed with me all these years.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Dad signed to me to follow him. As we neared the back door, I saw my mom holding a handsome black dog with deep brown eyes. I was frozen like an ice cube. Then I ran to my dad, jumped in his arms and kissed him. My mom approached us and wrapped her loving arms around us, joining in our happy tears of joy. I had never been so happy in all my 9 years as I was at that moment. The dog named Sam was my only gift that year. But I got the best gift.
The memory of that Christmas stayed with me all these years. My best friend Sam lived to the old age of 16. I never had children. I am old and weak now and losing my eyesight, but I still have such precious memories of past Christmas with my family. I sit in my rocker on cold winter nights during the holiday seasons and picture my childhood home with its charming Christmas tree, old chimney and letters written to Santa.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者9岁时和往年一样在12月1日给圣诞老人写信，到了圣诞节早上作者和弟弟们兴奋地围着各种礼物，但随着礼物一个一个被打开，最后却没有作者的，她哭着跑回楼上的房间，妈妈喊作者下楼，作者啜泣着往回走。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“爸爸示意我跟他走。”可知，第一段可描写爸爸带作者去找礼物，以及作者收到礼物后的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“这些年来，那个圣诞节的记忆一直萦绕在我的脑海里。”可知，第二段可描写作者在暮年对9岁那年的圣诞节的回忆。
2. 续写线索：
看到狗狗——拥抱——开心——年迈——回忆童年
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①看到：see/notice
②拥抱：wrap her loving arms around sb/hug sb
③忆起：picture/recall
情绪类
①高兴：happy/delighted/glad
【点睛】[高分句型1]As we neared the back door, I saw my mom holding a handsome black dog with deep brown eyes.(由as引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]My mom approached us and wrapped her loving arms around us, joining in our happy tears of joy.(现在分词作状语)2022-2023学年高考前适应性训练考试
高三英语
注意事项：
1.考试时间为120分钟，满分150分。
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man care most about the phone
A. Its price. B. Its design. C. Its model.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How does the man prefer to go to the airport
A. By taxi. B. By subway. C. By bus.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation. take place
A. In an office. B. In a restaurant. C. In a store.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman do to cool down
A. Go outside. B. Open the window. C. Turn on the air conditioner.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A robot. B. A zoo. C. A hotel.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Why is John calling Maria
A. To ask for a ride. B. To discuss a meeting. C. To borrow her car.
7. When will the speakers meet
A. At 7:10. B. At 7:30. C. At 7:40.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What problem did Jack meet in Florida
A. He got sun-burnt badly.
B. The weather was changeable.
C. There were too many tourists.
9. With whom did the woman go to Queens town
A. Her friends. B. Her father. C. Her husband.
10. What will the woman do for Jack
A Buy him a gift. B. Teach him how to dive. C. Show him some pictures.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Brother and sister. B. Classmates. C. Teacher and student.
12. When will Teresa sign up for after-school tutoring
A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday.
13. What will the boy do next
A. Call Mr. Brown. B. Apologize to Nancy. C. Buy a new doll house.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14 At what age did Michael’s grandfather retire
A. 55. B. 58. C. 61.
15. How would his retired life be in Michael’s grandfather’s opinion
A. Colorful. B. Poor. C. Dull.
16. Why did Michael’s grandfather finally retire
A. To help out a young man.
B. To work at the Union Office.
C. To spend time with his family.
17. What is Michael’s grandfather learning now
A. Skating. B. Painting. C. Swimming.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18 What did wildlife officials decide to do with the washed-up dolphin
A. Clear her stomach. B. Put her back to the sea. C. Kill her in a painless way.
19. What was still unknown yet
A. Why the dolphin got sick.
B. Whether the dolphin was pregnant.
C. What was in the dolphin’s stomach.
20. Where is the talk probably being given
A. In a lecture hall. B. At a radio studio. C. On the beach.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Social workers’ roles in assisting individuals and communities have become necessary. Many disadvantaged individuals and communities need their support. They are highly valued. The following are some of them.
School social workers.
These social workers create strategies to help students’ academic performance and social development with teachers and parents. They assist, students with issues such as bullying (欺凌). School social workers also talk with families to solve absences from class or access to special education resources. While school social workers and guidance advisers share some similarities, they have some differences. School social workers focus more on a student’s personal life.
Child and family social workers.
These social workers assist families safeguard children. They support families in finding housing and childcare services and assist in applying for benefits. When children are badly treated, they will bring them to a better living situation. Some work to reunite separated families or organize adoptions (收养).
Health care social workers.
These social workers help patients understand their diagnoses and adjust their lifestyles. They also help doctors understand how illnesses affect their patients’ mental and emotional health. Social work with seniors and the elderly, long-term pain management and medical social work are a few of the specialties of health care social workers.
Mental health and substance abuse social workers.
These social workers assist patients who have mental illnesses or addictions. They educate the patients on how to deal with their condition. Typically, those specializing in mental health and substance abuse social work are licensed clinical social workers, allowing them to diagnose and provide treatment for their patients.
21. What do school social workers do
A. Help safeguard kids.
B. Provide treatment for students.
C. Improve students’ academic performance.
D. Help doctors understand the effect of illnesses on patients.
22. Which kind of social workers should a man turn to if he is addicted to wine
A. School social workers.
B. Health care social workers.
C. Child and family social workers.
D. Mental health and substance abuse social workers.
23. What is the purpose of the text
A. To introduce. B. To inform. C. To advertise. D. To persuade.
B
My mother suffered COPD and heart failure, which made her have great difficulty breathing or catching her breath. For the last 5 years of her life, my most common memory was of her leaned over an outdoor trash can, trying to get enough air.
I was away getting my Master’s in Theatre Arts when she passed away. My mind was unhinged (精神错乱的). They pulled me off my desk and took me to the local mental health facility. I was just at tech week for the show Fefu and Her Friends. My office mate and fellow director Sarah Jane Hardy took over the production and saw it safely through.
But this is just the beginning of the kindness that surrounded me. She sat with me in my apartment when I returned and let me fall apart in a safe space. My dad traveled with me from Phoenix to Utah to see the final performance. My department chair allowed me to fold over my thesis (论文)and turn it into an MA researched thesis so I could return home at the end of the year having graduated. My roommates helped motivate me to go to classes.
This was one of the hardest chapters in my life and so many people came to help me to heal. I think before this time I would have prized intelligence or education as the highest trait (特点) in a person, but afterwards, I’ve felt that kindness defines people most. The world would be a cold place if we did not have friends who showed it openly in our times of need.
24. What was the author’s common memory of her mother in her last years
A. Suffering heart attacks.
B. Cleaning an outdoor trash can.
C. Trying to catch her breath.
D. Doing everyday housework carefully.
25. How did Sarah Jane Hardy show her kindness
A. She traveled with the author.
B. She allowed the author to fold over her thesis.
C. She helped motivate the author to go to classes.
D. She took over the production of Fefu and Her Friends.
26. What is the most important thing to define a person according to the author
A. Courage. B. Kindness. C. Education. D. Intelligence.
27. What is the best title for the text
A. The Hardest Task I Met
B. The Last Days of My Mother
C. The Darkest Days of My Life
D. The Kindness People Showed Me
C
What will astronauts wear in more than 50 years A brand-new spacesuit is developing.
Called the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EEMU), the spacesuit protects astronauts from the tough environment of the lunar surface, which is quite different from that astronauts have been exploring for the past few decades in low Earth orbit.
Progress on the suit has been overshadowed(使不快乐). “The EEMU represents the first new spacesuit that NASA has developed in over 40 years, George Nield, previously the associate administrator for commercial space transportation at the Federal Aviation Administration, said. “So far, it looks like things are pretty on schedule.”
Nield outlined the agency’s plan to build five EEMU suits in the initial (最初的)group. One for design tests is almost done and should be completed in December. A second will be built for qualification testing and a third will be tested in orbit on the International Space Station. The final two suits of the set will walk on the moon in 2024 on a mission called Artemis 3.
In addition to the main spacesuits, each astronaut will also require an internal cooling garment (衣服), and NASA has now completed the first prototype of that undergarment, according to Nield. And the agency also needs to upgrade the backpack—like Portable Life Support System that astronauts carry to stay alive.
Meanwhile NASA got a sense of how the new suit will perform on the moon by testing the design underwater. Underwater, astronauts can get a feel for moving around in a spacesuit and using the tools they will operate during a spacewalk. Lately, NASA has been using the pool to study movements like collecting moon rock and dust, navigating a ladder and planting a flag in the lunar surface.
28. Why does the author ask a question at the beginning of the text
A. To make readers think.
B. To put forward the topic of the text.
C. To seek for some information.
D. To exchange opinions with readers.
29. What is George Nield’s attitude towards progress on EEMU
A. Satisfied. B. Disappointed. C. Puzzled. D. Shocked.
30. What does the underlined word “prototype” mean in Paragraph 4
A. Sample. B. Copy. C. Test. D. Design.
31. How did scientists know the performance of the spacesuit on the moon
A. By testing it in the lab.
B. By learning from other scientists.
C. By testing it underwater.
D. By comparing it with other spacesuits.
D
Environmental conditions experienced by parent plants can influence offspring performance through parental effects induced(感应的) by DNA. The offspring can also be influenced by environmental conditions experienced by their parents via soil legacy(遗产) effects due to changes in the composition of soil.
We conducted a two-phase experiment with five genotypes(基因型) of a clonal plant. In the first phase, we grew parent plants of each genotype under two light conditions and two DNA treatments. We then collected soils and clonal offspring for each genotype from each of these four treatments and measured soil properties. In the second phase, we grew the offspring from each of the four treatments in the four different soils, under the two light conditions.
When grown under environmental light condition and in soil from environmental parents, offspring produced by environmental parents grew larger than offspring produced by shaded parents when the parents were treated with water. This difference was smaller when the parents were treated with 5-7°C, and disappeared when the offspring were grown in soil from shaded parents. The growth difference was also observed when the offspring were grown under shaded condition and in soil from shaded parents. However, this difference was greater when the parents were treated with 5-7°C, and disappeared when the offspring were grown in soil from environmental parents.
Our results show that light condition experienced by parents can influence offspring responses to light through both parental effects and soil legacies. The parental effects were mediated(调节) by changes in DNA and the soil legacies. These impacts may eventually influence the ecological and evolutionary track of clonal plant populations.
32. What is the text mainly about
A. Environmental conditions are important to offspring performance.
B. Offspring performance can be controlled by DNA and the soil legacies.
C. Environmental conditions experienced by parent plants can influence offspring.
D. Light condition experienced by parents can influence offspring responses to light.
33. How did the researchers get the result
A. They carried out a survey.
B. They conducted an experiment.
C. They analyzed existing data.
D. They collected information from others.
34. What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A. Growth difference only happens under environmental light condition.
B. Offspring of environmental parents grow smaller than offspring of shaded parents.
C. No growth difference appears when offspring are grown in soil from shaded parents.
D. Growth difference varies when parents are treated with 5-7°C under different conditions.
35. Where is the text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A magazine. C. A novel. D. A notebook.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People with satisfying relationships and positive emotions live healthier and longer. ___36___ Emotion regulation improves with age. We see improvement for most people, but not for everyone.
Why some people do not experience these improvements
Most of the people in these studies are people from Western rich societies. ___37___ And most of them are middle-class people who are pared to younger people of comparable status, the older people looked a lot better. But if they are in bad situations, you may not see these benefits.
Are these the kinds of things that weigh on young people’s minds
What’s really important for emotional well-being is to know that your future is secure. Younger people are healthy and expect to have a long life ahead of them. ___38___ As people get older, there is less time left and they start valuing emotional goals more. Older people will spend time with family and friends.
Is there a risk of becoming too emotionally comfortable
You can be so comfortable that you no longer meet any challenges and you really need to stay engaged in cognitive challenges. In a recent study, we asked over 2, 500 people about the relatively minor stressors they had experienced. About 10 percent of the people reported never having experienced even one. They also reported being happier than those who reported at least one. ___39___ They also reported having received or given less help to others and that they had spent more time watching TV.
___40___
People need to know themselves and make decisions that create lives where they are active and engaged in a way that makes them feel a sense of belonging. They need activities that are challenging for them, where they learn new information and remember this information. They need to engage in physical activities that maintain or even strengthen their physical health. They need to engage in behaviors that ensure their physical health and emotional well-being.
A. A lot of them have financial security.
B. What should people do to achieve balance
C. Young people are faced with constant stressors.
D. What should people do to stay happy and healthy
E. They value hard work and enjoy planning for the future.
F. What we also found was that they performed worse on cognitive tests.
G. Psychological well-being is related to lower levels of stress and better health.
第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Fiona Famous was a popular girl. She got on well with everyone and was. so busy that she ___41___ spent time with individual friends. However, she felt lucky; no other girl had so many friends.
Everything ___42___ on National Friendship Day. Everyone had to make three ___43___ to give to their three best friends. Fiona enjoyed the task. When all the presents had been ___44___ , Fiona was the only one who had not ___45___ a present! She felt ___46___ and cried. How could it be possible No one ___47___ her as their best friend Everyone came and ___48___ her for a while. But all only stayed for a while. This was what Fiona had done so many times to others.
Arriving home, Fiona asked her mother where she could ___49___ true friends. “My dear,” answered her mother, “you cannot buy friends with a smile or a few good words. If you really want true friends, you will have to give them real time and ___50___ . You must be available in good and bad times.”
“But I want to be everybody’s friend! I need to share my ___51___ !” Fiona protested (声明).
“You can’t be a close friend to everybody. There isn’t enough time. It’s only ___52___ to have some true friends. Others will be playmates,” said her mother.
Hearing this, Fiona ___53___ she had not been a true friend. She had tried to pay attention to everyone, but that was not enough. To be close friends, you need to be ___54___ , understand what others are ___55___ and support them.
41. A. hardly B. eventually C. gradually D. finally
42. A. happened B. changed C. disappeared D. worsened
43. A. cakes B. promises C. presents D. comments
44. A. taken B. replaced C. sold D. shared
45. A. received B. possessed C. liked D. fixed
46. A. different B. terrible C. easy D. relaxing
47. A. promised B. asked C. saw D. hoped
48. A. congratulated B. persuaded C. reminded D. calmed
49. A. find B. look C. name D. run
50. A. energy B. affection C. money D. help
51. A. time B. belief C. dream D. gifts
52. A. natural B. usual C. possible D. necessary
53. A. proved B. realized C. guessed D. admitted
54. A. grateful B. generous C. available D. brave
55. A. working out B. going after C. looking after D. going through
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tianwen 1, China’s historic Mars mission, has ___56___ (successful) accomplished all its planned scientific tasks, according to the China National Space Administration. The administration said on Wednesday the Tianwen 1 mission orbiter has obtained medium-definition images of ___57___ entire planet, marking the completion of its scientific goals. The craft has circled Mars 1, 344 times so far and will continue to carry out extended remote-sensing operations and technological tests.
Tianwen 1, ___58___ (name) after an ancient Chinese poem, was launched on July 23, 2020. The craft traveled about 475 million kilometers and carried out several trajectory maneuvers (变轨) before entering Martian orbit ___59___ February last year.
Meanwhile, the Zhurong Mars rover (漫游者), which ___60___ (be) in dormant (休眠的) mode since mid-May, is expected to restart explorations in December, ___61___ the weather is more favorable.
The rover, named after the god of fire in ancient Chinese legend, touched down on the planet on May 15, 2021 and ___62___ (begin) to travel across the Martian surface a week later. Before it entered dormant mode, the 1.85-meter-tall, 240-kilogram robot traveled nearly 2, 000 meters and obtained much data and many ___63___ (image) on the road to its destination—the vast Martian plain where it landed.
By now, the 13 ___64___ (science) instruments on the orbiter and the rover have transmitted nearly 1, 040 gigabytes (十亿字节) of raw data back to Earth. The data has been delivered to Chinese scientists and has helped deepen the ___65___ (understand) of the Red Planet.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike即将到中国留学并在一个中国当地的家里居住。他写信想你询问和中国人共处需要注意什么，请你据此回信，内容包括：
1. 很高兴他将来中国；
2. 建议；
3. 期待他的游学成功。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mike,
How is everything going
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Christmas I will never forget happened when I was 9. I believed in Santa with all my heart. How could I not when I received everything I wished for.
December 1st. Mom would announce, “It’s time.” Hearing those words, we all knew it was time to write our letters to Santa. One day I asked mom why we always wrote our letters on December 1st. She said because so many kids were writing letters to Santa, he needed time to read them and make all the toys the kids wanted. Once our letters were finished, mom would put them in her purse and mail them the next day.
Christmas Eve finally arrived. We were all so excited. We did our Christmas Eve traditions. Daddy read us The Night Before Christmas’ story. Then it was time for sleep. I had such a good feeling about Christmas this year. It was difficult to fall asleep. But sleep finally came and so did Christmas morning. I woke up hearing my brothers yelling. Jimmy came running and jumping on my bed. “Santa’s been here, sister! Let’s open presents!”
We ran down the stairs. Our eyes were glowing like wildfire as we eyed over the presents under the tree. My brothers and I quickly snuggled (依偎) among the packages. We all watched as each person unwrapped a gift. I kept watching as my brothers unwrapped gifts. My dad didn’t hand me any package. “This year you are going to be the last to get your presents because you are the oldest.” he declared. I didn’t think anything of it so I whispered “OK.”
One by one all of the packages had been opened. There was none left. I couldn’t understand. I had been so good this year. Tears began sliding down my cheeks. I ran up to my room. My mom went up the stairs for me to come back down. Dad wanted to talk to me, Sobbing, I slowly made my way back.
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Dad signed to me to follow him.
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The memory of that Christmas stayed with me all these years.
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