永州市第一中学2023年下期高二入学考试英语试卷
考生注意:
1.本科目试题卷共8页。时量120分钟，满分150分。答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考室号、座位号填入相应位置内。
2.客观题请用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，主观题用黑色的签字笔书写在答题卡上。考试结束时，只交答题卡，试题卷请妥善保管。
第一部分听力(共20题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Eat some food. B. Open the window. C. Drink some water.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I’m just going to the kitchen to get some food. Do you want anything
W: Could you get me a glass of water please It is very warm in here.
M: Sure. You should open the window to let in some cool air.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the man surprised at
A. That he meets the woman at gym.
B. That the woman enjoys exercising.
C. That the woman has lost a lot of weight.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Elaine. That’s surprising. You’ve lost a lot of weight since I saw you last time.
W: I know. I’m so proud of myself. I’ve been going to the gym for the last few months and it really helped. I really enjoy exercising now.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When is Bob going home today
A. At 1:00 p.m. B. At 2:00 p.m. C. At 3:00 p.m.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Bob, are you going straight home after school today
M: No. My last class finishes at one o’clock, and after that I’m going to spend two hours at the library before going home.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where will the speakers meet
A. At the entrance. B. At the ticket office. C. At the nearby café.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Let’s meet by the front door of the museum at three o’clock, not by the ticket office like last time.
M: OK. If I’m late, you can go to the café nearby and order something to eat first.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman do next
A. Return the man’s book.
B. Look at the man’s project.
C. Write her research paper.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Are you finished with that book you borrowed
M: Not quite, sorry. I’ve been so busy recently. I’ve spent most of my time doing research for a school project this week. And I’m stuck. Can you help me have a look at it
W: No problem.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Why did Jason get a low score
A. He didn’t study hard.
B. He didn’t finish the exam.
C. He didn’t write down the thinking process.
7. What does Jason want Mrs. Brown to do
A. Let him take another test. B. Mark his paper again. C. Give him a lift.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Do you have five minutes to discuss my test results, Mrs. Brown
W: Well, I’m just heading to my car. You can walk with me.
M: It’s the first time I have got a C, but I studied really hard.
W: This test was not just about getting the right answer. You needed to show how you got the answer.
M: Because I just wrote down the answer, I didn’t get full marks.
W: Exactly.
M: I’ll do that next time. But can you grade my paper again this time
W: Sorry, Jason. I can’t do that.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Who are the speakers probably
A. Brother and sister.
B. Repairman and customer.
C. Restaurant owner and delivery man.
9. Why did the man failed to pay
A. There wasn’t enough money in his card.
B. He hasn’t created a payment method.
C. The application broke down.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】M: April, can you help me please
W: Sure, Paul. What are you trying to do
M: I’m trying to order some food for Mom and Dad on my phone, but it seems there’s something wrong with my phone.
W: Is this all the food you have selected
M: Yeah, that’s everything.
W: OK. Now we just need to pay for it. Ah, I see what the problem is. You haven’t set up a payment method. How do you want to pay for the food
M: I want to give the delivery man cash when he comes to the door.
W: You can’t do that, Paul. All payments need to be done through the application.
M: But I don’t have a card. Can I use yours
W: Sure.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. They need to look for new jobs now.
B. The man will get promoted in six months.
C. There will be new owners in their company.
11. How did the man know the news
A. From the manager. B. From the email. C. From the meeting.
12. What is the woman’s suggestion for the man
A. Talking with their boss.
B. Being prepared for the meeting.
C. Offering coffees to the business partners.
【答案】10. C 11. B 12. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Have you read the email from our boss
W: The one about the company being bought over
M: Yes. What does that mean to our jobs
W: Well, after reading the email, I spoke to our manager. He said our jobs would be safe for six months. I have to say that is good news.
M: And after that
W: No one really knows. It depends on what the new owners want to do with the company.
M: I’m worried that I’ll have to look for another job.
W: There is plenty of time before that happens though, and our boss is a good man. He is always open and honest with us. If you have any concerns, you can speak to him.
M: You’re right. I’ll go and see if he is free now.
W: I saw him having a meeting with our business partners. So let’s get a coffee first.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In the kitchen. B. In the living room. C. In the bedroom.
14. What does the man think of the TV show
A. Popular. B. Attractive. C. Boring.
15. What will the woman still need to do
A. Write something. B. Do some cleaning. C. Buy the man a new jacket.
16. What does the man want to try
A. To walk in the rain. B. To run a restaurant. C. To cook a meal.
【答案】13. B 14. B 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Have you been sitting in front of that TV all day
M: Yes, sorry. I started watching a new TV show and now I can’t stop. The actors are not very popular, but their performances are perfect. You won’t feel bored for a second.
W: Well, why don’t you take a break and go for a walk
M: No, it’s raining outside. I don’t want to get wet. I’ll stay inside where it’s nice and warm.
W: Or you could wear a jacket and take an umbrella.
M: Why are you trying to get me out of the house
W: Because I want to finish my paper and I also need to clean the living room and your bedroom.
M: OK. Well, I’ll do the cleaning so that you can write.
W: That would be very helpful of you.
M: I was thinking that later on I could cook dinner for you as well, since you always cook for me.
W: But you’ve never cooked.
M: I know, but the TV show was about a restaurant and now I want to try.
W: OK. That would be lovely.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What probably happened in Fountain Hills during the winter
A. It didn’t rain much. B. All animals died off. C. Many chemicals were used.
18. Which was a result of the environmental damage
A. People got sick easily.
B. Black birds were missing.
C. The farmland couldn’t produce food.
19. Why did a lot of bees disappear
A. They were eaten by birds.
B. They were dying off themselves.
C. They were killed by the government.
20. What do the scientists offer to do
A. Tell people the importance of bees.
B. Teach farmers how to grow food.
C Bring bees from the town.
【答案】17. A 18. A 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【原文】In the small town of Fountain Hills and the nearby area, nature was dying off quickly. Some people thought it was because it hardly rained at all during last winter, and it was one of the driest winters the area had experienced on record. It was so bad that some people even thought that the government was doing secret chemical testing. The farmland around Fountain Hills was no longer producing good food, and people were getting sick more often. One day, some scientists came to see if they could find out the cause. As they were walking through a field that was only half-full of sunflowers, they noticed something unusual: the silence. Except a few black birds calling, there was no noise. They knew something important was missing — the bees! The scientists rushed back to the town and discovered that the local government had been killing off the large population of bees there. Fortunately, the scientists came up with a solution. They offered to teach the local people about how bees are good for the environment and their lives, and how bees would help the area start growing again. In the future, the scientists would remove bees from the town if the population of the bees grew too big again.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Smart Kids is a collection of one hundred events scheduled in October. This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford, after you have attended an event. You can pre-book events without paying for a ticket in advance. Here are some of the director’s picks.
Walk on the Wild Side
Not ticketed, Free
Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals. Along the way you’ll meet all sorts of beautiful creatures and discover life cycles and food chains. Best suited to children aged 5-9. Children under 8 must be accompanied by an adult.
Introduction to Waves
Pre-book, PWYD
Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean. Mike Goldsmith explores the fundamental features shared by all waves in the natural world.
Science in the Field
Not ticketed, Free
This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field e along for inspiring and informative stories straight from the scientist’s mouth. Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun-filled workshop.
Festival Dinner
Pre-book, 25 per person
Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London. Which foods should you eat to trick your brain into thinking that you are full Find out more from Tom Crawford.
21. In which event can you decide the payment
A. Introduction to Waves. B. Walk on the Wild Side.
C. Science in the Field. D. Festival Dinner.
22. Who will talk about experiences of collecting direct data
A. Mike Goldsmith. B. Sarah Law.
C. Mark Samuels. D. Tom Crawford.
23. What do the four events have in common
A. Family-based. B. Science-related.
C. Picked by children. D. Filled with adventures.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Smart Kids收集的在十月份举行的四项以科学为主题的活动，以及各个活动的内容和特色。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段 “This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford. (今年，它正在试验“随你决定付多少钱”(PWYD)。也就是说，你可以决定支付你想要的或负担得起的费用。)”可知，PWYD中你可以决定付款，再结合文章后面四项活动中“Introduction to Waves Pre-book, PWYD”可知，四项活动中只有Introduction to Waves有PWYD，故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Science in the Field 活动中的“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.(在这个讲故事的夜晚，一位科学家分享了他在各种实地考察中收集第一手数据的美好回忆。)”和“Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun-filled workshop.（加入马克塞缪尔斯，在这个充满乐趣的研讨会了解更多。）”可知，Mark Samuels会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals.（和讲故事的萨拉·劳一起来听关于动物的科学故事。)”；第三段第一句“Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean.（实验对象范围从声波到重力波，从光波到撞击海洋的波浪。）”；第四段第一句“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.（这位科学家会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆。）”与最后一段第一句 “Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London.（无论你是想探索更多关于食物的知识，还是只是想边吃边聊，加入我们来纪念伦敦首届科学节吧。）”可知，这四项活动的共同点都是和科学相关的，故选B。
B
John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker and his speed of learning new ideas and loving problems stood out early. At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician, so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph. D. in mathematics. From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry.
In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1933, the Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and he became one of the 6 full-time people in the School of Mathematics (Einstein was one of the others).
World War Ⅱ hugely changed von Neumann’s areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician. During and after the war, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice. During the last part of the war, he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributions. After the war, von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards, was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died of cancer in 1957.
Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.
Von Neumann really was a legend in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him. His driving abilities is a part of his legend. He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”
24. According to the text, von Neumann’s father believed that _________.
A. a mathematician needed a good memory
B. von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time
C. von Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed
D. a mathematician couldn’t earn a lot of money
25. How old was von Neumann when he published his first book
A. 25. B. 26. C. 29. D. 32.
26. How did World War Ⅱ affect John von Neumann
A. He lost interest in chemistry.
B. He began to research how to put mathematics into practice
C. He realized the importance of engineering.
D. He left college and served at the government department.
27. From the last paragraph, we can infer John von Neumann was __________.
A. humorous B. intelligent C. brave D. calm
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美籍匈牙利人，物理学家、数学家、发明家，“现代电子计算机之父” ——约翰 冯 诺依曼．他对人类社会做出了重大的贡献，而且他制定的计算机工作原理直到现在还被各种电脑使用着。作为二十世纪最伟大的人物之一他会被人们永远铭记在心。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“his father tired to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he may lead a poor life being a mathematician”（他的父亲不愿说服他成为数学家，因为成为数学家他可能过着贫穷的生活）可知，他父亲认为数学家挣不了多少钱，做数学家会生活得很贫穷。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph. D. in mathematics.”（1926年，23岁的他获得了化学工程学位。）可知，他出生在1903年，然后由第二段“His first book was published in 1932.”（他的第一本书于1932年出版。）可以计算出他第一本书出版时是在他29岁时，故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“During and after the war, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice.”（在战争期间和战争结束后，他成为将数学理论付诸实践的最好的数学家之一。）可知，在战争期间他开始把数学理论应用于实践。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段他对事故幽默诙谐的描述“I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”（我在开车。右边的树木以每小时60英里的速度有序地经过我。突然其中一棵树踏上了我的路。）可知，他非常幽默，故选A。
C
Yesterday, after a day of Zoom (视频会议软件) meetings in my living room, I stepped out for a walk leaving my teen son bored on the couch. Bleecker Street, usually packed with people, was sprinkled with only the occasional pedestrians. Bars and restaurants lining the street were dark. Stores with bright neon lights, doors open, beckoned for the rare passers-by to enter. After just a week of the Covid-19 pandemic, an afternoon walk in Greenwich Village neighborhood felt surreal.
But then I noticed a row of daffodils(水仙)reaching for the sun in the small triangle-shaped park by Minetta Lane. On the windows of a locked restaurant, in bright yellow paint, were the words “We love you, West Village. Take care of each other. ” My phone buzzed—a colleague sent a picture of her newborn baby just home from the hospital. I arrived home to find my son animated on the couch playing a video game virtually with his friends. Life, love, play, and human connection persist, even though our world has been tuned upside down.
In my welcome note to the new students in the Fall, I wrote that this year is about our college’s core values of inclusion, innovation, and impact and emphasized the power of interconnection. Today, these core values persist, with interconnection taking on even greater significance. Our collaborative spirit has always given us an advantage—academically, creatively, culturally, and now, remotely.
A wise person once told me that getting through a crisis is like being given a new hand of cards in the middle of a game. We are halfway through the semester, with new hands to play, but the game hasn’t changed. We will find new ways to continue to work, teach, create and learn. Let’s also continue the informal interactions that make us a community—the study groups, coffee dates, drop-ins just to say hello. In doing so, we will remain connected.
We will come together, from spaces around the world, to meet this new reality. This is who we are. Nothing—not space, nor time—can keep us from moving forward, together.
28. What can be inferred from paragraph 1
A. The Covid-19 pandemic is unstoppable.
B. The effects of the pandemic could be easily felt.
C. Nothing is the same except that the business goes slow as usual.
D. People have every reason to be worried about the future.
29. What does the writer include in paragraph 2
A. Daily routines that seemed insignificant.
B. Reminders that the world has been changed.
C. Events that people can do during the pandemic.
D. Things or people that carry symbolic meanings.
30. What does the underlined word “collaborative” mean in paragraph 3
A. Cooperative. B. Pioneering. C. Independent. D. Adventurous.
31. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To express wisdom gained from previous experience.
B. To give people some tips on how to handle a crisis.
C. To deliver an uplifting message over the pandemic.
D. To encourage people to enjoy the great outdoors.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述疫情发生后，人们的生活虽然发生了很多变化，但爱，连接沟通和人际关系都还在。作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了在疫情期间传递令人振奋的信息
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Yesterday, after a day of Zoom (视频会议软件) meetings in my living room, I stepped out for a walk. leaving my teen son bored on the couch. Bleecker Street, usually packed with people, was sprinkled with only the occasional pedestrians. Bars and restaurants lining the street were dark. Stores with bright neon lights, doors open, beckoned for the rare passers-by to enter. After just a week of the Covid-19 pandemic, an afternoon walk in Greenwich Village neighborhood felt surreal. (昨天，在客厅里开了一天的Zoom会议后，我出去散步。让我十几岁的儿子无聊地躺在沙发上。布利克街通常挤满了人，但昨天只偶尔有行人。街道两旁的酒吧和餐馆都很黑。商店里灯火通明，门开着，招手让难得的路人进入。新冠疫情发生仅一周后，下午在格林威治村附近散步感觉很怪异。)”可知，新冠疫情发生后，街道上只有很少的行人，酒吧和餐馆停业，商店没有顾客。通过这些描写，突显疫情的影响随处可见。故从第一段可推知疫情的影响很容易被感受到。故选B。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“But then I noticed a row of daffodils(水仙)reaching for the sun in the small triangle-shaped park by Minetta Lane. On the windows of a locked restaurant, in bright yellow paint, were the words “We love you, West Village. Take care of each other. ” My phone buzzed—a colleague sent a picture of her newborn baby just home from the hospital. I arrived home to find my son animated on the couch playing a video game virtually with his friends. Life, love, play, and human connection persist, even though our world has been tuned upside down. (但后来我注意到一排水仙在Minetta Lane旁边的小三角形公园里面向太阳。在一家上锁的餐厅的窗户上，用明亮的黄色油漆写着“我们爱你，西村。互相照顾。“我的手机嗡嗡作响——一位同事发来了一张刚从医院回家的新生儿的照片。我回到家，发现我的儿子实际上坐在沙发上和他的朋友玩电子游戏。生活、爱、游戏和人际关系仍然存在，尽管我们的世界已经颠倒了。)”可知，虽然疫情的发生导致餐馆关业，路上行人罕至，但是我们生活中重要的事物——生活、爱情、游戏和人际关系仍然存在。商店老板在牌子上写的鼓励的话象征着关爱，同事在照顾新生儿象征着生活与家庭，儿子和朋友玩象征着人际关系和游戏，故推知第二段主要描写具有象征意义的人和事物。故选D。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“In my welcome note to the new students in the Fall, I wrote that this year is about our college’s core values of inclusion, innovation, and impact and emphasized the power of interconnection. Today, these core values persist, with interconnection taking on even greater significance. (在我给秋季新生的欢迎信中，我写道：今年是关于我们学院包含的核心价值观，创新和影响，并强调了互联的力量。今天，这些核心价值观仍然存在，互联互通具有更大的意义。)”及第四段“We will find new ways to continue to work, teach, create and learn. Let’s also continue the informal interactions that make us a community—the study groups, coffee dates, drop-ins just to say hello. In doing so, we will remain connected. (我们将找到新的方法来继续工作，教学，创造和学习。让我们也继续非正式的互动，使我们成为一个团体——学习小组、咖啡约会、只是为了打个招呼的临时到访。通过这样做，我们将保持联系。)”可知，这两段强调疫情期间学院与学生互相连接，团结协作的关系。故推知collaborative与Cooperative意义一致，表示“合作的，协作的”，故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Yesterday, after a day of Zoom (视频会议软件) meetings in my living room, I stepped out for a walk. leaving my teen son bored on the couch. Bleecker Street, usually packed with people, was sprinkled with only the occasional pedestrians. Bars and restaurants lining the street were dark. Stores with bright neon lights, doors open, beckoned for the rare passers-by to enter. After just a week of the Covid-19 pandemic, an afternoon walk in Greenwich Village neighborhood felt surreal. (昨天，在客厅里开了一天的Zoom会议后，我出去散步。让我十几岁的儿子无聊地躺在沙发上。布利克街通常挤满了人，但昨天只偶尔有行人。街道两旁的酒吧和餐馆都很黑。商店里灯火通明，门开着，招手让难得的路人进入。新冠疫情发生仅一周后，下午在格林威治村附近散步感觉很怪异。)”及最后一段“We will come together, from spaces around the world, to meet this new reality. This is who we are. Nothing—not space, nor time—can keep us from moving forward, together. (我们将从世界各地的空间聚集在一起，迎接这一新的现实。这就是我们。没有什么——不是空间，也不是时间——可以阻止我们一起前进。)”可知，疫情让餐馆闭店，街道上人迹罕至，但疫情无法阻止我们前进的脚步。故推知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了在疫情期间传递令人振奋的信息，故选C。
D
Scientists think that growing garden grass could be the secret to solving our energy needs, and we may soon be able to replace our gasoline with “grassoline”.
The team, including experts from Cardiff University in Wales, has shown that hydrogen can be taken from grass in useful amounts with the help of sunlight and a cheap catalyst (催化剂) — something that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.
It is the first time that this has been shown and it could lead to a sustainable (可持续的) way of making hydrogen, reported Asian News International. This could be an important kind of renewable energy because it is high in energy and it does not give out harmful gases when it is burned.
Study co-author Michael Bowker said, “This is really a green source of energy. Hydrogen is seen as an important future energy carrier as the world moves from fossil fuels to renewable energy, and our research has shown that even garden grass could be a good way of getting it.”
Cellulose (纤维素), which is a key part of plants and the biopolymer (生物聚合物) found in the largest numbers on the earth, could be a great source of hydrogen.
In its study, the team looked at the possibility of getting hydrogen from cellulose using sunlight and a simple catalyst.
This is called photocatalysis (光催化作用) and in it, the sunlight starts the catalyst, which then makes cellulose and water into hydrogen. The researchers studied the effectiveness of three metal-based catalysts, of which nickel (镍) especially interested the researchers, as it is a much more common metal than gold and palladium (钯) and it saves more money.
According to Bowker, producing hydrogen from cellulose using photocatalysis has not been studied in detail. The team’s research shows that large amounts of hydrogen can be produced using this method with the help of a bit of sunlight and a cheap catalyst.
The study shows that it is effective to use real grass taken from a garden. “This is important as it avoids the need to separate and clean up cellulose, which can be both difficult and costly,” said Bowker.
32. What are needed to get hydrogen from grass
A. A catalyst and palladium. B. Water and cellulose.
C. Sunlight and a biopolymer. D. Sunlight and a catalyst.
33. Why is the new way of making hydrogen considered significant
A. It is cheap, green and sustainable.
B. It is the best to produce the renewable energy.
C. It is more productive and efficient than other methods.
D. It can replace the way to make fossil fuels completely.
34. Why does nickel interest the researchers in making hydrogen from cellulose
A. It can produce the largest amount of hydrogen.
B. It can avoid separating and cleaning up cellulose.
C. It is more common than other metals and costs less.
D. It works quicker than other metals during photocatalysis.
35. What does the author intend to tell us mainly in this passage
A. Catalysts that could be taken from grass.
B. A new way of making hydrogen from cellulose.
C. The potential of hydrogen as a renewable energy.
D. The connection between hydrogen and photocatalysis.
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们认为，种植草坪可能是解决我们能源需求的秘密，我们可能很快就能用草料油替代汽油。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段The team, including experts from Cardiff University in Wales, has shown that hydrogen can be taken from grass in useful amounts with the help of sunlight and a cheap catalyst (催化剂) — something that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.可知，包括威尔士卡迪夫大学专家在内的研究小组已经证明，在阳光和一种廉价催化剂的帮助下，可以从草中提取出大量的氢，这种催化剂可以加速化学反应而不消耗完。由此可知，在阳光和廉价催化剂的帮助下，可以从草中提取大量的氢。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的This is really a green source of energy. Hydrogen is seen as an important future energy carrier as the world moves from fossil fuels to renewable energy, and our research has shown that even garden grass could be a good way of getting it.可知，这是一种真正的绿色能源。随着世界从化石燃料转向可再生能源，氢被视为未来重要的能源载体，我们的研究表明，即使是花园中的草也可能是获取氢的好方法。由此可知，制造氢气的新方法被认为是重要的，因为它便宜、环保、可持续。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的The researchers studied the effectiveness of three metal-based catalysts, of which nickel (镍) especially interested the researchers, as it is a much more common metal than gold and palladium (钯) and it saves more money.可知，研究人员研究了三种金属催化剂的效果，其中镍尤其让研究人员感兴趣，因为它是一种比黄金和钯更常见的金属，而且更省钱。由此可知，研究人员对镍感兴趣，因为它比其他金属更普遍，而且成本更低。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了科学家的一项新研究，种植草坪可能是解决我们能源需求的秘密，我们可能很快就能用草料油替代汽油。由此可知，作者主要想在这篇文章中告诉我们一种从纤维素中制取氢的新方法。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you like the idea of running your own business from home Most of you do, and the first things you say you like about it are being your own boss, having flexible hours and working in your pajamas.____36____
Being your own boss is definitely one big advantage.____37____ You must commit to work on your business regularly to make profits. If not, you will find that your income becomes non-existent.So, have set office hours where you productively work on building your business.
____38____Doctors’ appointments and family commitments can simply be worked into your schedule. Again, you need to arrange your appointments carefully and try to book them together. This way you can get all of your running around done in one day.
Working in your pajamas may seem appealing initially. But it can also prevent you from actually getting your work done. ____39____ After that, just walk into your office and start your day’s work. Being too casual means getting less work done on a regular basis.
In order to run a successful business from home you need to have a good mindset.____40____
Taking off too many hours each week will damage your financial stability and long-term success. Set goals and limits on your time. Build your business first, before taking advantage of what working from home offers.
A. But it can also become your downfall without care.
B. Flexible hours are another huge plus of working from home.
C. Once it's achieved, you'll have more opportunities to develop business contacts.
D. You may find it more efficient to get up, exercise, then shower and dress for work.
E. This includes realizing that you and only you are responsible for your own income.
F. One of the biggest drawbacks is that it is so easy to allow yourself to have excuses.
G. While these benefits sound great, the reality of working from home can be a little different.
【答案】36. G 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在家经营公司的好处和需要注意的事项。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Do you like the idea of running your own business from home Most of you do, and the first things you say you like about it are being your own boss, having flexible hours and working in your pajamas.(你喜欢在家经营自己的公司吗？大多数人都是这样的，而且你喜欢的第一件事就是做自己的老板，有灵活的工作时间，穿着睡衣工作)”结合后文提到了一些在家工作的实际情况，可知本句与上文构成转折，说明虽然在家工作有好处，但是现实情况可能有点不同。故G选项“虽然这些好处听起来不错，但在家工作的现实情况可能有点不同”符合语境，故选G。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Being your own boss is definitely one big advantage.(做自己的老板绝对是一个很大的优势)”以及后文“You must commit to work on your business regularly to make profits. If not, you will find that your income becomes non-existent. So, have set office hours where you productively work on building your business.(你必须致力于你的业务定期赚取利润。如果没有，你会发现你的收入变得不存在。所以，要设定办公时间，让你高效地建立自己的企业)”可知，上文提到做自己的老板是一个很大的优势，后文则提到了必须致力于定期赚取利润，可推测本句与上文构成转折，是在说明自己做老板的缺点。故A选项“但它也可能毫无顾忌地让你堕落”符合语境，故选A。
【38题详解】
根据后文“Doctors’ appointments and family commitments can simply be worked into your schedule. Again, you need to arrange your appointments carefully and try to book them together. This way you can get all of your running around done in one day.(与医生的预约和家庭事务可以简单地列入你的日程。同样，你需要仔细安排你的预约，尽量一起预约。这样你就可以在一天之内完成所有的工作)”可知，后文提到与医生的预约和家务事可以得到合理安排，然后在一天之内完成，可知本段主要是在介绍在家工作的另一个好处是时间灵活。故B选项“灵活的工作时间是在家工作的另一大好处”符合语境，故选B。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Working in your pajamas may seem appealing initially. But it can also prevent you from actually getting your work done.(乍一看，穿着睡衣工作似乎很吸引人。但它也会阻碍你真正完成工作)”以及后文“After that, just walk into your office and start your day’s work.(之后，只需走进办公室，开始一天的工作)”可知，上文提到在家工作会阻碍真正完成工作，且后文提到了走近办公室，可知本句是在描述日常外出上班的过程。故D选项“你可能会发现起床、锻炼、然后洗澡、穿衣服上班更有效率”符合语境，故选D。
【40题详解】
根据上文“In order to run a successful business from home you need to have a good mindset.(为了在家经营成功的企业，你需要有一个良好的心态)”以及后文“Taking off too many hours each week will damage your financial stability and long-term success. Set goals and limits on your time. Build your business first, before taking advantage of what working from home offers.(每周休息太多的时间会损害你的经济稳定和长期成功。设定目标和时间限制。在利用在家工作的好处之前，先建立自己的事业)”可知，上文提到在家经营企业需要良好的心态，可知本句应承接上文举例说明有哪些良好的心态需要建立。故E选项“这包括意识到你，而且只有你自己对自己的收入负责”符合语境，故选E。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was getting ready to go to bed when the phone rang. This could not be good. My mind ___41___ through the list of family members who might need help, but the ___42___was hardly familiar.
“Lindy, this is Lesley.” I didn’t know Lesley well. We did ___43___ speak with each other, but to say we were friends was not appropriate. I asked what she needed. Perhaps something really awful caused her to ___44___ someone she barely knew. ___45___, she asked me, “Do you have room for a turkey In your freezer ” We had lots of room in our freezer, and in fact, too much. “Sure,” I responded, “did your freezer___46___ ” “Not exactly,” Lesley replied, “but I will explain when I arrive.”
Minutes later came a huge freezer truck. Lesley stepped down and ___47___ the lease (租约) of the grocer store her husband serviced had ___48___ and that they had to empty all the freezers that very night. Thinking it was a shame to throw away all this good food, they decided to ___49___ off food to anyone she could think of. ____50____ our freezer was pretty empty, Lesley asked to fill it up. Our home was their ____51____ stop and anything left would have to be put in our freezer. An hour later, everything finished, I asked her, “When will you come back for all this ” Lesley ____52____ , “We don’t want it back. It is yours! Thanks for helping us out!” Then they waved goodbye and drove away.
“For helping them out ” We opened our freezer door. Inside were all expensive foods we never bought but often ____53____ to try. We were struggling to buy groceries, ____54____ it was not something we shared with anyone. However, our ____55____ were met in an unexpected way, by that “Do you have room for a turkey ”
41. A. walked B. raced C. competed D. crossed
42. A. voice B. picture C. vision D. discussion
43. A. consistently B. regularly C. routinely D. occasionally
44. A. stimulate B. reach C. fascinate D. impress
45. A. Therefore B. Consequently C. Additionally D. Instead
46. A. break down B. break away C. break in D. break up
47. A. explained B. reasoned C. concluded D. questioned
48. A. tried out B. drawn out C. run out D. worked out
49. A. take B. cut C. drop D. put
50. A. Ignoring B. Noticing C. Praising D. Complaining
51. A. premier B. middle C. first D. last
52 A. laughed B. sobbed C. screamed D. frowned
53. A. tolerated B. doubted C. longed D. rejected
54. A. as B. yet C. since D. so
55. A. requirements B. conditions C. needs D. cost
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. A 48. C 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家在困难时期受到Lesley的“求助”电话，询问其冰柜是否有空间存放火鸡，结果却得到Lesley的帮助的故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的脑海里掠过可能需要帮助的家庭成员的名单，但这个声音并不熟悉。A. walked散步；B. raced快速移动，比赛；C. competed竞争；D. crossed交叉。根据下文“through the list of family members who might need help”可知，作者脑海掠过家庭成员的名单。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的脑海里掠过可能需要帮助的家庭成员的名单，但这个声音并不熟悉。A. voice声音；B. picture图画；C. vision幻想；D. discussion讨论。根据上文“I was getting ready to go to bed when the phone rang.”可知，作者对电话里的声音不熟悉。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们确实偶尔交谈过，但说我们是朋友是不合适的。A. consistently始终地；B. regularly有规律地；C. routinely惯常地；D. occasionally偶然，偶尔。根据下文“but to say we were friends was not appropriate”可知，作者认为说他们是朋友是不合适的，可得出他们偶尔交谈过。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许是什么可怕的事情让她找到了一个她几乎不认识的人。A. stimulate激发，鼓励；B. reach（尤指用电话）联系；C. fascinate深深吸引；D. impress使留下深刻印象。根据上文讲Lesley打电话找作者和“Perhaps something really awful caused her to ___4___ someone she barely knew.”可知，此处指找到一个几乎不认识的人。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，她问我：“你还有地方放一只火鸡吗？在你的冰箱里？”A. Therefore因此；B. Consequently结果；C. Additionally另外，此外；D. Instead相反，反而。根据上下文语境可知，作者原以为Lesley遇到了麻烦，可Lesley却只想存放一只火鸡，这与作者的猜想不一样，是一种相反的情况，用副词Instead。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我回答：“你的冰箱坏了吗 ”A. break down毁掉；B. break away脱离；C. break in闯入；D. break up分手。根据上文讲Lesley想在作者家存放一只火鸡和下文“Not exactly,”可知，作者会认为Lesley家的冰箱“坏了”。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lesley走了下来，解释说她丈夫服务的杂货店的租约已经到期，他们必须在当天晚上清空所有的冰柜。A. explained解释；B. reasoned推断；C. concluded结束，得出结论；D. questioned怀疑，询问。根据上文“Lesley replied, “but I will explain when I arrive.””可知，Lesley向作者解释自己的境况。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Lesley走了下来，解释说她丈夫服务的杂货店的租约已经到期，他们必须在当天晚上清空所有的冰柜。A. tried out试用；B. drawn out延长时间；C. run out用尽，耗尽；D. worked out解决，运动。根据下文“they had to empty all the freezers that very night.”可知，Lesley丈夫服务的杂货店已经到期，才需及时清空所有的冰柜，找地方放火鸡。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们觉得把这么好的食物都扔掉太可惜了，于是决定把食物送给她能想到的任何人。A. take拿走；B. cut切，砍；C. drop寄，送，减少，掉落；D. put放。根据上文“Thinking it was a shame to throw away all this good food”可知，Lesley夫妻不准备扔掉食物，所以想把东西送给其他人。动词短语：drop off“送达”。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lesley注意到我们的冰箱空了，就要求把它装满。A. Ignoring忽视；B. Noticing注意到；C. Praising称赞；D. Complaining抱怨。根据下文“our freezer was pretty empty”可知，Lesley注意到作者的冰箱是空的，才会要求把作者家的冰箱装满。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们家是他们的最后一站，剩下的任何东西都必须放在我们的冰箱里。A. premier首要的；B. middle中间的；C. first首先的；D. last最后的。根据下文“anything left would have to be put in our freezer”可知，剩下的东西都要放在作者家，可得出作者家是最后一站。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lesley笑着说：“我们不想要回它。它是你的！谢谢你帮助我们！”A. laughed笑；B. sobbed抽泣；C. screamed尖叫；D. frowned皱眉。根据下文“We don’t want it back. It is yours! Thanks for helping us out!”可知，东西送出去了，Lesley夫妻很开心，应该是笑着说话。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：里面都是昂贵的食物，我们从来没有买过，但经常渴望尝试。A. tolerated忍受；B. doubted怀疑；C. longed渴望；D. rejected拒绝，驳回。根据上文“Inside were all expensive foods we never bought”和转折词but可知，送的东西很贵，作者没有买过，但渴望买那些贵东西。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们努力着买食品杂货，但这不是我们与任何人分享的东西。A. as因为；B. yet然而；C. since既然；D. so所以。根据“We were struggling to buy groceries, ___14___ it was not something we shared with anyone.”可知，前后分句是转折关系。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的需求以一种意想不到的方式得到了满足，那就是“你有地方放一只火鸡吗 ”A. requirements要求；B. conditions条件，状况；C. needs需求；D. cost费用，价钱。根据上文“We were struggling to buy groceries”讲作者家买食物有困难和下文“were met in an unexpected way, by that ‘Do you have room for a turkey ’”可知，作者以别人赠送自己食物的方式得到了自己的需求。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A comforting cup of tea is ___56___ essential part of the day for hundreds of millions of people around the globe. Worldwide, three cups of tea ___57___ (consume) for every cup of coffee. To fully appreciate the ancient roots of the herbal drink, a visit to the China National Tea Museum might be in order. The institution has a long history.
___58___ (locate) in Hangzhou, the museum occupies a parklike setting. Inside, various halls demonstrate the story of tea, its ceremonies and its tools. Records of tea drinking date ___59___ far back as the tenth century B. C. in China. ___60___ (origin) the leaves were baked into a brick, a part of ___61___ could be broken off and made into a powder. Tea spread into northern China during the Tang Dynasty; by the Song Dynasty it ___62___ (acquire) a loose-leaf production as well as the ceremonies that made ___63___ (it) consumption an art form.
The art of tea extended to its fancy ___64___ (contain), which are on display at the museum. Gracefully rounded kettles date back 5,000 years; tea bowls from the Tang Dynasty have a beautiful simplicity. Today visitors can observe a tea ceremony that might be enough____65____ (change) even the most passionate coffee drinker.
【答案】56. an 57. are consumed
58. Located
59. as 60. Originally
61. which 62. had acquired
63. its 64. containers
65. to change
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在中国国家茶叶博物馆里你可以了解到茶的古老根源以及与茶有关的精美容器。
【56题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：对全球数亿人来说，一杯舒适的茶是一天中必不可少的一部分。此处泛指“必不可少的一部分”，且essential以元音音素开头，前面加不定冠词an表示“一”。故填an。
【57题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在世界范围内，每喝一杯咖啡就要喝三杯茶。此处指一个客观事实，且句子主语three cups of tea是复数形式，与谓语动词consume之间是被动关系，是一般现在时的被动语态，谓语复数形式。故填are consumed。
【58题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：博物馆位于杭州，坐落在公园般的环境中。所给词locate是及物动词，意思是“把……安置在（或建造于）”，本句已有谓语occupies，此处在句子中作状语说明主语的情况，locate和逻辑主语the museum是被动关系，locate用过去分词形式，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Located。
【59题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：在中国，饮茶的记录可以追溯到公元前10世纪。固定搭配：as far as“远到……，远至……”。故填as。
【60题详解】
考查副词。句意：最初，这些叶子被烤成砖形，其中的一部分可以被打碎，制成粉末。此处是副词originally作状语，修饰整个句子，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Originally。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最初，这些叶子被烤成砖形，其中的一部分可以被打碎，制成粉末。此处应为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词brick指物，在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
【62题详解】
考查时态。句意：唐朝时，茶传入中国北方；到了宋代，它已经有了散装生产和仪式，使它的消费成为一种艺术形式。根据by the Song Dynasty可知，by+过去时间点，此处指“到过去某一时候为止”，谓语动词acquire用过去完成时。故填had acquired。
【63题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：唐朝时，茶传入中国北方；到了宋代，它已经有了散装生产和仪式，使它的消费成为一种艺术形式。空后consumption是名词，由形容词性物主代词its修饰。故填its。
【64题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：茶的艺术延伸到其别致的容器，这些容器在博物馆展出。不止一个容器，此处用可数名词container (容器)的复数作宾语。故填containers。
【65题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：今天，游客们可以观看一个茶仪式，这可能足以改变最热情的咖啡饮用者。形容词enough后面通常接动词不定式， be enough to do sth.“足够做某事”，其中动词不定式作结果状语。故填to change。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 近期，我校校报英文版开展征文活动，请以“My Favourite Food”为主题，向该栏目投稿，介绍你最喜爱的食物。内容包括：
1. 品尝的经历；
2. 食物的特点。
注意：
1. 写作词数应80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My Favourite Food
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
My Favourite Food
Of all the different ways of cooking tofu (also known as bean curd), my favourite is stinky tofu. Throughout China there are a number of different versions of stinky tofu: some are fried golden brown, while others are blackish blue. Of all versions of stinky tofu, the Nanjing style and Changsha style are the most famous.
I first tried stinky tofu at a street market with my granddad when I was very little. As the name suggests, the smell is terrible but surprisingly, the taste is actually quite mild—it tastes like fried tofu with less of the bean flavour and more of a slight sweetness. The sauce makes it taste even more delicious. A big part of the experience is how it feels in your mouth: deep-fried stinky tofu is firm on the outside but soft and juicy on the inside.
Ever since my first taste of stinky tofu, I have always wanted to try more. Now I can tell the differences between various versions of stinky tofu and I like all of them because of their unique flavours as well as their unique smells!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。题目要求考生以“My Favourite Food”为主题，向校报英文版投稿，介绍自己最喜爱的食物，需分享品尝的经历，并介绍食物的特点。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
想要：want to→would like to
各种各样的：various→a variety of
许多：a number of→a lot of
因为：because of→due to
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Now I can tell the differences between various versions of stinky tofu and I like all of them because of their unique flavours as well as their unique smells!
拓展句：Now not only can I tell the differences between various versions of stinky tofu, but also I like all of them because of their unique flavours as well as their unique smells!
【点睛】[高分句型1] I first tried stinky tofu at a street market with my granddad when I was very little. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] A big part of the experience is how it feels in your mouth: deep-fried stinky tofu is firm on the outside but soft and juicy on the inside. (运用了how引导表语从句)
第二节写作(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Polly Goodman, 82-year-old, was a rich old woman. Her husband was a businessman and left her a large fortune after his death, so she had no problems supporting herself. The only problem was that her son who was a doctor busy with his work seldom had time to visit her, leaving her living lonely.
One day, Polly was walking along the beach, like she did every evening near her seaside house, when she noticed a young boy and his little sister playing there. As she was passing by them, she heard their mother calling out to them. “Corey! Daisy! Be careful! Stay away from the water!”
Polly noticed their mother resting on a bench, appearing sick and tired. The dark circles under her eyes were quite obvious, and she coughed frequently. Polly always had a desire to have a chat with someone. So she walked carefully towards the mother with a kind smile on her face.
“Hi, I’m Polly. I live by the beach.” Polly said.
The mother looked up at Polly, feeling a little surprised. The mother told Polly she was Lydia and had worked as a waitress. Lydia further said that she and her children had only recently moved to that location because her children had always wanted to see the ocean. Then Lydia stopped to cough heavily. After she calmed down, it seemed she wanted to say something, but stopped as if there was something difficult to tell. Polly did not follow up, saying goodbye and left.
When Polly went to the beach the next day, she saw the kids again, but this time their mother wasn’t with them. She observed them playing by themselves until late in the evening before heading home. The third day came and again the two kids played at the seaside until late in the evening, still without their mother s company. Then the elder brother was about to lead the sister back home. Out of curiosity and care Polly decided to follow them to their house.
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Upon arrival, the kids invited Polly inside.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Polly took the mother to the hospital her son worked in.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Upon arrival, the kids invited Polly inside. The moment Polly stepped into the house, she was shocked to see the house in a mess with toys scattered everywhere on the floor. Meanwhile, she spotted Lydia lying in the sofa, coughing heavily. Seeing Polly approaching, Lydia struggled to sit up but failed. Apparently, Lydia was seriously sick and needed immediate treatment. When asked why she didn’t go to hospital, Lydia explained she was too weak to drive. Out of sympathy, Polly offered to drive her to the hospital.
Polly took the mother to the hospital her son worked in. Having learned about the situation through the phone called by Polly, her son helped contact doctors. After a careful medical check, Lydia was told she had to stay in hospital for days, which worried her a lot, for her kids were too young to stay at home alone. Polly comforted her that she would take care of the kids. Hearing that, Lydia was so deeply moved that she could say nothing. She hugged Polly tightly to express her sincere gratitude.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索，讲述了一位丧偶的富有老太太——82岁的Polly Goodman，一天在海边散步时，发现了一对在海边玩耍的兄妹和坐在一边、满脸病容的母亲Lydia，主动聊天后，Polly与Lydiai相结识；之后的两天，Polly因在海滩上遇到两兄妹独自玩耍，而跟随孩子去家中查看，从而发现了病重的Lydia，Polly及时送Lydia去了自己儿子工作的医院，并主动照看两个孩子，得到了Lydia的深深的感激。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“刚一到家，孩子们就邀请Polly进屋。”可知，第一段可描写Polly进屋后看到的场景，发现Lydia病重并主动提供帮助。
②由第二段首句内容“Polly带这个母亲去了她儿子工作的医院。”可知，第二段可描写Polly和儿子帮助Lydia治疗疾病，并照看孩子。
2. 续写线索：到Lydia家——屋中杂乱——Lydia病重——送医院——诊断、要求住院——Polly提出照看孩子——感动、感激
3.词汇激活：
行为类：
①发现：spot/find
②打电话：call/ring
③照顾：take care of/look after
④拥抱：hug/embrace
情绪类：
①吃惊的、震惊的：shocked/astonished
②表示感谢：express her gratitude/show her appreciation
【点睛】【高分句型1】When asked why she didn’t go to hospital, Lydia explained she was too weak to drive. (运用了以when引导的时间状语从句的省略句和以连接词why引导的宾语从句，及省略了连接词that的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】After a careful medical check, Lydia was told she had to stay in hospital for days, which worried her a lot, for her kids were too young to stay at home alone. (运用了省略了连接词that的宾语从句和以关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句)永州市第一中学2023年下期高二入学考试英语试卷
考生注意:
1.本科目试题卷共8页。时量120分钟，满分150分。答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考室号、座位号填入相应位置内。
2.客观题请用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，主观题用黑色的签字笔书写在答题卡上。考试结束时，只交答题卡，试题卷请妥善保管。
第一部分听力(共20题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Eat some food. B. Open the window. C. Drink some water.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the man surprised at
A That he meets the woman at gym.
B. That the woman enjoys exercising.
C. That the woman has lost a lot of weight.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When is Bob going home today
A. At 1:00 p.m. B. At 2:00 p.m. C. At 3:00 p.m.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where will the speakers meet
A At the entrance. B. At the ticket office. C. At the nearby café.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman do next
A. Return the man’s book.
B. Look at the man’s project.
C. Write her research paper.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Why did Jason get a low score
A. He didn’t study hard.
B. He didn’t finish the exam.
C. He didn’t write down the thinking process.
7. What does Jason want Mrs. Brown to do
A. Let him take another test. B. Mark his paper again. C. Give him a lift.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Who are the speakers probably
A. Brother and sister.
B. Repairman and customer.
C. Restaurant owner and delivery man.
9. Why did the man failed to pay
A. There wasn’t enough money in his card.
B. He hasn’t created a payment method.
C. The application broke down.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. They need to look for new jobs now.
B. The man will get promoted in six months.
C. There will be new owners in their company.
11. How did the man know the news
A. From the manager. B. From the email. C. From the meeting.
12. What is the woman’s suggestion for the man
A. Talking with their boss.
B. Being prepared for the meeting.
C. Offering coffees to the business partners.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In the kitchen. B. In the living room. C. In the bedroom.
14. What does the man think of the TV show
A. Popular. B. Attractive. C. Boring.
15. What will the woman still need to do
A. Write something. B. Do some cleaning. C. Buy the man a new jacket.
16. What does the man want to try
A. To walk in the rain. B. To run a restaurant. C. To cook a meal.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What probably happened in Fountain Hills during the winter
A. It didn’t rain much. B. All animals died off. C. Many chemicals were used.
18. Which was a result of the environmental damage
A. People got sick easily.
B. Black birds were missing.
C. The farmland couldn’t produce food.
19. Why did a lot of bees disappear
A. They were eaten by birds.
B. They were dying off themselves.
C. They were killed by the government.
20. What do the scientists offer to do
A. Tell people the importance of bees.
B. Teach farmers how to grow food.
C. Bring bees from the town.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Smart Kids is a collection of one hundred events scheduled in October. This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford, after you have attended an event. You can pre-book events without paying for a ticket in advance. Here are some of the director’s picks.
Walk on the Wild Side
Not ticketed, Free
Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals. Along the way you’ll meet all sorts of beautiful creatures and discover life cycles and food chains. Best suited to children aged 5-9. Children under 8 must be accompanied by an adult.
Introduction to Waves
Pre-book, PWYD
Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean. Mike Goldsmith explores the fundamental features shared by all waves in the natural world.
Science in the Field
Not ticketed, Free
This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field e along for inspiring and informative stories straight from the scientist’s mouth. Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun-filled workshop.
Festival Dinner
Pre-book, 25 per person
Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London. Which foods should you eat to trick your brain into thinking that you are full Find out more from Tom Crawford.
21. In which event can you decide the payment
A. Introduction to Waves. B. Walk on the Wild Side.
C. Science in the Field. D. Festival Dinner.
22. Who will talk about experiences of collecting direct data
A. Mike Goldsmith. B. Sarah Law.
C. Mark Samuels. D. Tom Crawford.
23. What do the four events have in common
A. Family-based. B. Science-related.
C. Picked by children. D. Filled with adventures.
B
John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker, and his speed of learning new ideas and loving problems stood out early. At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician, so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph. D. in mathematics. From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry.
In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1933, the Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and he became one of the 6 full-time people in the School of Mathematics (Einstein was one of the others).
World War Ⅱ hugely changed von Neumann’s areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician. During and after the war, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice. During the last part of the war, he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributions. After the war, von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards, was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died of cancer in 1957.
Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.
Von Neumann really was a legend in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him. His driving abilities is a part of his legend. He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”
24. According to the text, von Neumann’s father believed that _________.
A. a mathematician needed a good memory
B. von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time
C. von Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed
D. a mathematician couldn’t earn a lot of money
25. How old was von Neumann when he published his first book
A. 25. B. 26. C. 29. D. 32.
26. How did World War Ⅱ affect John von Neumann
A. He lost interest in chemistry.
B. He began to research how to put mathematics into practice
C. He realized the importance of engineering.
D. He left college and served at the government department.
27. From the last paragraph, we can infer John von Neumann was __________.
A humorous B. intelligent C. brave D. calm
C
Yesterday, after a day of Zoom (视频会议软件) meetings in my living room, I stepped out for a walk leaving my teen son bored on the couch. Bleecker Street, usually packed with people, was sprinkled with only the occasional pedestrians. Bars and restaurants lining the street were dark. Stores with bright neon lights, doors open, beckoned for the rare passers-by to enter. After just a week of the Covid-19 pandemic, an afternoon walk in Greenwich Village neighborhood felt surreal.
But then I noticed a row of daffodils(水仙)reaching for the sun in the small triangle-shaped park by Minetta Lane. On the windows of a locked restaurant, in bright yellow paint, were the words “We love you, West Village. Take care of each other. ” My phone buzzed—a colleague sent a picture of her newborn baby just home from the hospital. I arrived home to find my son animated on the couch playing a video game virtually with his friends. Life, love, play, and human connection persist, even though our world has been tuned upside down.
In my welcome note to the new students in the Fall, I wrote that this year is about our college’s core values of inclusion, innovation, and impact and emphasized the power of interconnection. Today, these core values persist, with interconnection taking on even greater significance. Our collaborative spirit has always given us an advantage—academically, creatively, culturally, and now, remotely.
A wise person once told me that getting through a crisis is like being given a new hand of cards in the middle of a game. We are halfway through the semester, with new hands to play, but the game hasn’t changed. We will find new ways to continue to work, teach, create and learn. Let’s also continue the informal interactions that make us a community—the study groups, coffee dates, drop-ins just to say hello. In doing so, we will remain connected.
We will come together, from spaces around the world, to meet this new reality. This is who we are. Nothing—not space, nor time—can keep us from moving forward, together.
28. What can be inferred from paragraph 1
A. The Covid-19 pandemic is unstoppable.
B. The effects of the pandemic could be easily felt.
C. Nothing is the same except that the business goes slow as usual.
D. People have every reason to be worried about the future.
29. What does the writer include in paragraph 2
A. Daily routines that seemed insignificant.
B. Reminders that the world has been changed.
C. Events that people can do during the pandemic.
D. Things or people that carry symbolic meanings.
30. What does the underlined word “collaborative” mean in paragraph 3
A. Cooperative. B. Pioneering. C. Independent. D. Adventurous.
31. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To express wisdom gained from previous experience.
B. To give people some tips on how to handle a crisis.
C. To deliver an uplifting message over the pandemic.
D. To encourage people to enjoy the great outdoors.
D
Scientists think that growing garden grass could be the secret to solving our energy needs, and we may soon be able to replace our gasoline with “grassoline”.
The team, including experts from Cardiff University in Wales, has shown that hydrogen can be taken from grass in useful amounts with the help of sunlight and a cheap catalyst (催化剂) — something that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.
It is the first time that this has been shown and it could lead to a sustainable (可持续的) way of making hydrogen, reported Asian News International. This could be an important kind of renewable energy because it is high in energy and it does not give out harmful gases when it is burned.
Study co-author Michael Bowker said, “This is really a green source of energy. Hydrogen is seen as an important future energy carrier as the world moves from fossil fuels to renewable energy, and our research has shown that even garden grass could be a good way of getting it.”
Cellulose (纤维素), which is a key part of plants and the biopolymer (生物聚合物) found in the largest numbers on the earth, could be a great source of hydrogen.
In its study, the team looked at the possibility of getting hydrogen from cellulose using sunlight and a simple catalyst.
This is called photocatalysis (光催化作用) and in it, the sunlight starts the catalyst, which then makes cellulose and water into hydrogen. The researchers studied the effectiveness of three metal-based catalysts, of which nickel (镍) especially interested the researchers, as it is a much more common metal than gold and palladium (钯) and it saves more money.
According to Bowker, producing hydrogen from cellulose using photocatalysis has not been studied in detail. The team’s research shows that large amounts of hydrogen can be produced using this method with the help of a bit of sunlight and a cheap catalyst.
The study shows that it is effective to use real grass taken from a garden. “This is important as it avoids the need to separate and clean up cellulose, which can be both difficult and costly,” said Bowker.
32. What are needed to get hydrogen from grass
A A catalyst and palladium. B. Water and cellulose.
C. Sunlight and a biopolymer. D. Sunlight and a catalyst.
33. Why is the new way of making hydrogen considered significant
A. It is cheap, green and sustainable.
B. It is the best to produce the renewable energy.
C. It is more productive and efficient than other methods.
D. It can replace the way to make fossil fuels completely.
34. Why does nickel interest the researchers in making hydrogen from cellulose
A. It can produce the largest amount of hydrogen.
B. It can avoid separating and cleaning up cellulose.
C. It is more common than other metals and costs less.
D. It works quicker than other metals during photocatalysis.
35. What does the author intend to tell us mainly in this passage
A. Catalysts that could be taken from grass.
B. A new way of making hydrogen from cellulose.
C. The potential of hydrogen as a renewable energy.
D. The connection between hydrogen and photocatalysis.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you like the idea of running your own business from home Most of you do, and the first things you say you like about it are being your own boss, having flexible hours and working in your pajamas.____36____
Being your own boss is definitely one big advantage.____37____ You must commit to work on your business regularly to make profits. If not, you will find that your income becomes non-existent.So, have set office hours where you productively work on building your business.
____38____Doctors’ appointments and family commitments can simply be worked into your schedule. Again, you need to arrange your appointments carefully and try to book them together. This way you can get all of your running around done in one day.
Working in your pajamas may seem appealing initially. But it can also prevent you from actually getting your work done. ____39____ After that, just walk into your office and start your day’s work. Being too casual means getting less work done on a regular basis.
In order to run a successful business from home you need to have a good mindset.____40____
Taking off too many hours each week will damage your financial stability and long-term success. Set goals and limits on your time. Build your business first, before taking advantage of what working from home offers.
A. But it can also become your downfall without care.
B. Flexible hours are another huge plus of working from home.
C. Once it's achieved, you'll have more opportunities to develop business contacts.
D. You may find it more efficient to get up, exercise, then shower and dress for work.
E. This includes realizing that you and only you are responsible for your own income.
F. One of the biggest drawbacks is that it is so easy to allow yourself to have excuses.
G. While these benefits sound great, the reality of working from home can be a little different.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was getting ready to go to bed when the phone rang. This could not be good. My mind ___41___ through the list of family members who might need help, but the ___42___was hardly familiar.
“Lindy, this is Lesley.” I didn’t know Lesley well. We did ___43___ speak with each other, but to say we were friends was not appropriate. I asked what she needed. Perhaps something really awful caused her to ___44___ someone she barely knew. ___45___, she asked me, “Do you have room for a turkey In your freezer ” We had lots of room in our freezer, and in fact, too much. “Sure,” I responded, “did your freezer___46___ ” “Not exactly,” Lesley replied, “but I will explain when I arrive.”
Minutes later came a huge freezer truck. Lesley stepped down and ___47___ the lease (租约) of the grocer store her husband serviced had ___48___ and that they had to empty all the freezers that very night. Thinking it was a shame to throw away all this good food, they decided to ___49___ off food to anyone she could think of. ____50____ our freezer was pretty empty, Lesley asked to fill it up. Our home was their ____51____ stop and anything left would have to be put in our freezer. An hour later, everything finished, I asked her, “When will you come back for all this ” Lesley ____52____ , “We don’t want it back. It is yours! Thanks for helping us out!” Then they waved goodbye and drove away.
“For helping them out ” We opened our freezer door. Inside were all expensive foods we never bought but often ____53____ to try. We were struggling to buy groceries, ____54____ it was not something we shared with anyone. However, our ____55____ were met in an unexpected way, by that “Do you have room for a turkey ”
41. A. walked B. raced C. competed D. crossed
42. A. voice B. picture C. vision D. discussion
43. A. consistently B. regularly C. routinely D. occasionally
44. A. stimulate B. reach C. fascinate D. impress
45. A. Therefore B. Consequently C. Additionally D. Instead
46. A. break down B. break away C. break in D. break up
47. A. explained B. reasoned C. concluded D. questioned
48. A. tried out B. drawn out C. run out D. worked out
49. A. take B. cut C. drop D. put
50. A. Ignoring B. Noticing C. Praising D. Complaining
51. A. premier B. middle C. first D. last
52. A. laughed B. sobbed C. screamed D. frowned
53. A. tolerated B. doubted C. longed D. rejected
54. A. as B. yet C. since D. so
55. A. requirements B. conditions C. needs D. cost
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A comforting cup of tea is ___56___ essential part of the day for hundreds of millions of people around the globe. Worldwide, three cups of tea ___57___ (consume) for every cup of coffee. To fully appreciate the ancient roots of the herbal drink, a visit to the China National Tea Museum might be in order. The institution has a long history.
___58___ (locate) in Hangzhou, the museum occupies a parklike setting. Inside, various halls demonstrate the story of tea, its ceremonies and its tools. Records of tea drinking date ___59___ far back as the tenth century B. C. in China. ___60___ (origin) the leaves were baked into a brick, a part of ___61___ could be broken off and made into a powder. Tea spread into northern China during the Tang Dynasty; by the Song Dynasty it ___62___ (acquire) a loose-leaf production as well as the ceremonies that made ___63___ (it) consumption an art form.
The art of tea extended to its fancy ___64___ (contain), which are on display at the museum. Gracefully rounded kettles date back 5,000 years; tea bowls from the Tang Dynasty have a beautiful simplicity. Today visitors can observe a tea ceremony that might be enough____65____ (change) even the most passionate coffee drinker.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 近期，我校校报英文版开展征文活动，请以“My Favourite Food”为主题，向该栏目投稿，介绍你最喜爱的食物。内容包括：
1. 品尝的经历；
2. 食物的特点。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My Favourite Food
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节写作(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Polly Goodman, 82-year-old, was a rich old woman. Her husband was a businessman and left her a large fortune after his death, so she had no problems supporting herself. The only problem was that her son who was a doctor busy with his work seldom had time to visit her, leaving her living lonely.
One day, Polly was walking along the beach, like she did every evening near her seaside house, when she noticed a young boy and his little sister playing there. As she was passing by them, she heard their mother calling out to them. “Corey! Daisy! Be careful! Stay away from the water!”
Polly noticed their mother resting on a bench, appearing sick and tired. The dark circles under her eyes were quite obvious, and she coughed frequently. Polly always had a desire to have a chat with someone. So she walked carefully towards the mother with a kind smile on her face.
“Hi I’m Polly. I live by the beach.” Polly said.
The mother looked up at Polly, feeling a little surprised. The mother told Polly she was Lydia and had worked as a waitress. Lydia further said that she and her children had only recently moved to that location because her children had always wanted to see the ocean. Then Lydia stopped to cough heavily. After she calmed down, it seemed she wanted to say something, but stopped as if there was something difficult to tell. Polly did not follow up, saying goodbye and left.
When Polly went to the beach the next day, she saw the kids again, but this time their mother wasn’t with them. She observed them playing by themselves until late in the evening before heading home. The third day came and again the two kids played at the seaside until late in the evening, still without their mother s company. Then the elder brother was about to lead the sister back home. Out of curiosity and care Polly decided to follow them to their house.
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Upon arrival, the kids invited Polly inside.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Polly took the mother to the hospital her son worked in.
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