Unit5 Into the unknown 知识-清单破
I. 核心单词
（A）写作词汇一写词形
1. ______ n. 文明（社会）
2. ______v. 将……埋在下面
3. ______n. 运河
4. ______n. 残垣断壁，废墟
5. ______ν. 离弃，逃离
6. ______ν. 拒绝考虑，否定
7. ______adv. 此外；而且；不仅如此
8. ______n. 物质
(B)阅读词汇一明词义
1. intrigue v. _______
2. pyramid n. _______
3. astronomy n. _______
4. tropical adj. _______
5. cyclone n. _______
6. megadrought n. _______
7. downfall n. _______
8. getaway n. _______
9. retreat v. _______
10. subdue v. _______
11. uncharted adj. _______
12. delve v. _______
13. shrink v. _______
14. Shipwreck n. _______
15. coral n. _______
16. millimetre n. _______
17. barreleye n. _______
18. upwards adv. _______
19. trench n. _______
20. equivalent adj. _______
21. stack v. _______
22. notable adg. _______
23. vessel n. _______
24. vol n. _______
(C)拓展词汇—灵活用
1. _______adj. 神秘的，难以解释的→_______ n. 神秘；神秘的事物→_______n. 神话；神话故事
2. _______n扩大，增加→_______ v. 扩大，膨胀，发展
3. _______n. 调查→_______ν. 调查
4. _______adj. 考古学的；考古的→_______n. 考古学家
5. _______n. 钻探；勘探→_______v. 钻孔，训练
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. __________和……相一致/相符合
2. be based on __________
3. __________把……运用于
4. __________除……之外
5. so far __________
6. __________多得多；更加
7. __________在鼎盛时期
8. __________（因无人照料而）衰落，败落
9. lead to__________
10. a series of__________
11. __________逃跑，逃走
12. __________逃命
13. __________试水，试探
14. __________避开…，从…处脱身
15. __________不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方
16. __________动身踏上旅途
17. __________积极投入到…中去
18. __________再三考虑，慎重考虑
19. __________避免，畏避
20. __________调查
21. set sail__________
22. up to__________
23. be known as__________
24. in addition__________
25. be equivalent to__________
26. __________保持纪录
27. beyond the reach of__________
Ⅲ. 经典结构
1. 它包含800多个符号，一些符号代表动物……
It contained more than 800 characters, ______ ______ ______ ______ ______. . . . . .
2. 它是一种如此复杂的书写系统，以至于到目前为止，还没有人能够完全解释它
It was a writing system ______ ______ ______, so far，no one has been able to interpret it completely.
3. 玛雅社会在技术上是原始的这个事实使得它的成就更加难以置信和神秘。
The fact ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
4. 这可能导致了一系列的旱灾，每次持续数年，包括公元900年左右的“大旱灾”
This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ including a “megadrought” around 900 AD.
5. 不管出于什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在了丛林深处。
______ ______ ______, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.
6. 它曾经辉煌的城市都毁于一旦，给后人留下了各种各样的谜团待解决。
Its once-great cities fell into ruin, ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
7. 据估计，全球水下有300万艘沉船。
Lying under waters across the globe ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
8. 他们提出理由说，更有可能的是，文明起源于北纬30度，因为那里的气候普遍温暖、潮湿。
______ ______ ______, they argue, ______ civilisations arose on the 30th parallel north because the climate there is generally warm and wet.
Ⅳ. 长难句分析
1. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.
分析：本句为主从复合句。What is most extraordinary about these complex structures 为What引导的______从句；how they were built without the use of wheels metal tools or even animal power为how引导的______从句。
句意：这些复杂的结构最不寻常的地方在于，它们是如何在没有使用轮子、金属工具甚至动物力量的情况下建造起来的。
2. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.
分析：本句为主从复合句。that these. places为that引导的______从句，该从句中又包括_______从句 why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places，修饰先行词______。
句意：许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明开始在不同地区以不同速度崩溃的主要原因。
3. In these waters，more than 200 metres deep where light cannot reach. are extraordina creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.
分析：本句为主从复合句。where light cannot reach为 where引导的_______从句；that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction that引导的______从句；as if they are straight out of science fiction为as if引导的______从句。
句意：在这些水深超过200米、光线无法到达的水域中，有奇特的生物，它们看起来就像是直接从科幻小说中跳出来的。
V. 必备语法
Review：noun clauses复习：名词性从句
1. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars it shows ______ powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
2. But the greatest mystery of all is ______ caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
3. ______Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.
参考答案：
I.
(A)1. civilisation 2. bury 3. canal. 4. ruin 5. abandon 6. dismiss 7. furthermore 8. substance
（B）1. 激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心 2. 金字塔 3. 天文学 4. 来自热带的；产于热带的 5. 气旋；旋风 6. 超级干旱 7. 衰败 8. 逃跑，逃走 9. 后退；离开；退避 10. 克制，抑制（情绪） 11. 地图上没有标明的 12. 探索，探究
13. 退缩，畏缩 14. 失事的船；沉船 15. 珊瑚 16. 毫米 17. 管眼鱼 18. 向上，朝上 19. 海沟 20. 等同的；等值的；相当的 21. （使）整齐地堆起摞起 22. 显要的；显著的；值得注意的 23. 船；舰 24. （书的）卷，册
(C)1. mysterious; mystery; myth 2. expansion; expand 3. investigation investigate 4. archaeological archaeologist 5. drilling drill
Ⅱ. 1 correspond to 2. 基于……,以…为基础 3. apply. to. 4 on top of 5. 到目前为止，迄今为止 6. all the more 7 at sb. ’S/sth. ’s peak 8. fall into ruin 9. 导致 10. 一系列1. make a getaway 12. run for ones life 13. test the waters 14. steer clear of 15. the unknown 16. set out 17. throw oneself into 18. think twice 19. shrink from 20. look into 21. 启航 22. （数量或数目）多达 23. 作为……而出名 24. 另外，此外 25. 与…相当 26. hold a record27无法达到；超出的能力之外
III. 1. with some signs representing animals
2. so complicated that
3. that Maya society was technologically primitive
4. each lasting for a couple of years
5. whatever the reasons
6. leaving various mysteries for later people to solve
7. are an estimated three million shipwrecks
8. It's more likely：that
Ⅳ1. 主语；表语 2. 宾语；定语；reason 3. 定语；定语；表语
V. 1. how 2. what 3. Why
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