Unit4 Starting out and Understanding ideas
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2020吉林梅河口第五中学高二上期末）
Famous scientist Stephen Hawking issued another warning for the earth. He said we had about 600 years before the earth turned into a fireball and if we didn’t leave the earth soon，overpopulation would increase energy consumption and it would kill us all.
But Hawking had a plan. Speaking at the Tencent WE Summit in Beijing，Hawking called on investors（投资人）to support his plan to travel to Alpha Centauri（人马座α星）.It's the closest star system to the sun. The adventure would use a tiny spacecraft that travels at the speed system could reach Mars in less than an hour，reach Pluto（冥王星）in days and reach Alpha Centauri in just over 20 years.
“Maybe if all goes well，not long after the middle of the century，we’ll have our first another planet that may be the nearest from our earth and suitable for human beings to survive on,” Worden. the former head of NASA’s Research Center said at the summit.
Professor Stephen Hawking warned，I don’t think we will survive for another 1，000 years without escaping from our weak planet e face a lot of intimidation：nuclear wars，global warming and genetically engineered viruses，said Prof Hawking speaking to the Radio Times." Although the chance of a disaster on earth in a given year may be quite low it adds up over time，becoming a near certainty in the next thousand or ten thousand years. By that should have spread out into space，and to other so it would not mean the end of the human race.”
“However, we will not establish our base in space for at least the next hundred years, so we have very careful in this period,” Stephen Hawking also said.
1. What will the earth be like in about 600 years according to Hawking
A. A fireball.
B. The moon.
C. Alpha Centauri.
D. Pluto.
2. What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A. Pete Worden will invest and support Hawking’s plans.
B. Viruses will be wiped out in 1, 000 years.
C. The adventure would use a huge spacecraft.
D. Hawking needed help to finish his plan.
3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word in Paragraph 4
A. Opportunities.
B. Construction.
C. Threats.
D. Possibilities.
4. What is the suitable title for the text
A. A Comfortable Planet for Human Beings
B. Hawking’s Warning for the Earth
C. Travel to Other Planets
D. Hawking’s Newest Research
B
（2020北京高考适应性测试）
If you're looking to buy a gift for your children why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard（悬浮滑板）？
What is a hoverboard？
A hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal transportation device. It's electrical，portable and became highly popular in 2015 in reference to a popular 1980s movie. Typically，this self-balancing device operates like a powered skateboard.
How does a hoverboard work？
The device may have many designs，but the mechanism itself isn’t complicated. Basically，a standard hoverboard contains:
1）Battery：Stores the electrical power. Almost all hoverboards use a high-watt lithium-ion battery.
2）Gyroscope （one for each wheel）：allows riders to tilt（倾斜）the hoverboard while maintaining balance and adjusting their direction.
3) Motor one in each wheel): provides the power for the wheels to keep the rider balanced and upright.
4) Logic board: functions as the hoverboards brain. It processes data including your speed, tilt, etc. and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed.
All the above components work together to control the power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upright and moving at a controlled speed.
Why do we buy a hoverboard
Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool. You’ve probably seen kids riding one around the house They’re a phenomenon. So, why do you deny your kids and prevent them from being part of this trend
Where is a hoverboard legal
Despite their wild popularity, hoverboards have yet to become street-legal. Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices hoverboards are banned in academic institutions public places, like campus buildings, parks shopping malls and subway stations. Some places have also put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths. However, open areas-including your yard--are free of these restrictions.
5. The logic board of a hoverboard can ________.
A. store electricity
B. power the wheels
C. send information to the riders
D. receive data and give commands
6. According to the passage, a hoverboard can be used _________.
A. on campus
B. in parks
C. on bike paths
D. in shopping malls
7. What is the main purpose of this passage
A. To evaluate a gifts quality.
B. To recommend a gift choice.
C. To compare new hoverboard models.
D. To clarify functions of the latest hoverboard.
Ⅱ. 七选五
（2020江苏建湖县第二中学高二上期末四校联考）
Success is a choice but not a chance
From now on，never spend your limited time thinking of reasons for your failures and weaknesses Instead，realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. 1
The seeds and the power to grow them are contained in the most powerful machine ever created the human mind. Success is a choice but not a chance. 2 You were also born rich. You can be a success if you make the right choice.
3 Your level of self-confidence is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself，and thus over your life. People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power or responsibility for their lives. They are mere victims.
You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and they have no responsibility for it. 4
Everything happens as a result of something 5 We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.
A. You were born a winner.
B. Don’t lose heart in the face of failure.
C. But successful people realize they are responsible.
D. If we recognize the cause. we can control the effect.
E. Only you yourself have the power to make those see ds grow.
F. You cannot be successful without first developing your self-confidence.
G. Success depends on your cooperation with others as well as your own effort.
1.__________ 2. _________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
参考答案：
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
◎语篇解读本文介绍了著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金关于地球在未来面临的各种危险的警告。他警告如果人类不逃离这个脆弱的星球，将无法再活1，000年，并提到至少在未来的百年内，人类都不会在太空建立基地，所以目前人们必须非常小心，来应对各种威胁。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句的内容可知科学家霍金预测在地球变成火球之前大约有600年，所以霍金说地球在600年后会变成火球，故选A。
2.D推理判断题。根据第二段第二句的内容可知，在北京举办的腾讯WE大会上，霍金呼吁投资人来支持他前往人马座a星的计划。由此可知霍金需要帮助来完成他的计划。故选D。
3.C词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“We face a lot of intimidation：nuclear wars，global warming and genetically engineered viruses.”可知这些都是我们人类生存面临的重大威胁。故选C项。
4.B主旨大意题。本文第一段就指出了著名科学家霍金对600年后地球的预测，并指出“如果我们不尽快离开地球，人口过剩将增加能源消耗，它将杀死我们所有人”。第二、三段提出了去距离地球较近的其他星球生活的可能性。再根据第
四段第一句可知，霍金警告说：“我认为如果我们不逃离这个脆弱的星球，我们将无法再活1，000年。”第四段还提到了人类要面对的核战争、全球变暖等威胁。纵观全文，最适合的标题为“霍金对地球的警告”，故选B。
B
语篇解读：本文主要说明了为什么推荐悬浮滑板作为送给孩子的礼物，并具体介绍了它的工作原理和买它的原因以及它适合在什么地方使用。
5.D细节理解题。这道题是问悬浮滑板的逻辑板可以用来干什么？在文章第三部分介绍悬浮滑板是如何工作的第四点中提到，逻辑板是悬浮滑板的大脑，可以处理数据，包括速度、倾斜度，并且向发动机发送信息。A项意为“储存电能”，B项意为“驱动轮子”，C项意为“传递信息给骑车者”，D项意为“接收数据并给出指令”。D项符合文意，故选D项。
6.C细节理解题。这道题是问悬浮滑板可以在哪些地方使用。由最后一段第二句可知，悬浮滑板被禁止在学术机构和公共场所使用，像学校建筑、公园、购物广场和地铁站。因此排除A、B、D项；由最后一段第三句可知，一些地方还将它们的使用限制在自行车道上，即该悬浮滑板可以在自行车道上使用。故选C。
7.B推理判断题。整篇文章都在说明为什么推荐悬浮滑板作为送给孩子的礼物。A项意为“评估一个礼物的质量”，B项意为“推荐一个礼物选择”，C项意为“比较新的悬浮滑板模型”，D项意为“阐述这个最新悬浮滑板的功能”。D项只是文章内容的一个方面，不能概括文章主旨，B项符合题意，故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了成功者应该具备的两种素质—自信心和责任感。
1.E 根据本空前一句“Instead，realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born."可知，成功的种子在你出生的时候就被种在你的内心里了，空处承接上文，讲的还是关于种子的内容，故E项（只有你自己有能力让那些种子成长）符合语境。
2.A 根据本空后一句“You were also born rich."可知，你还是个天生的富翁，also提示此句前边即空处应该提到一种天生的情况，故A项（你是个天生的赢家）符合语境。
3.F 根据本空后一句“Your level of self-confidence is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself，and thus over your life.."可知，你的自信水平建立在你能控制自己的程度上，从而控制你的生活，空格处为本段主题句，应该是关于自信这个话题，故F项（不先培养自信，你就不能成功）符合语境。
4.C 根据本空前一句“Failures think that everything happens by accident and they have no responsibility for it."可知，失败者认为任何事的发生都是偶然的，他们对此不负责任。由此推断空格处应该说的是成功者的想法，故C项（但是成功者认为他们是有责任的）符合语境。
5.D 根据本空前一句“Everything happens as a result of something."可知，任何一件事的发生都是有原因的，空格处承接上文，讲的是关于原因和结果方面的话题，故D项（如果我们认识到原因，我们就能控制结果）符合语境。
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