同步课堂专练（外研版2019选择性必修第三册）
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
（重点练）
一、阅读理解
UK physicist Isaac Newton once said, " Nature is pleased with simplicity and nature is no dummy (傻子)." Indeed, Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel.
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (新型冠状病毒肺炎，NCP) in China and some other countries at the beginning of this year is an example. According to Xinhua News Agency ,the new coronavirus is similar to a virus found in a bat in 2017 and probably has an intermediate host (中间宿主).If it is believed that the virus originated from the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, Hubei province, where live wild animals were sold.
The Wall Street Journal reported that Dr Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization EcoHealth Alliance, said, "This outbreak is a lesson for us. On a global scale, human population density (密度), wildlife diversity, and land use change are what drive new pandemics (流行病)."
In ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe (敬畏). For example, the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a pail of humans. Chinese ancients always pursued the harmony between nature and human beings.
However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify plants, capture some wild and rare animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance. For example, cutting a large number of forests means carbon dioxide must build up in the atmosphere and it contributes to global warming.
Although we don't know for sure what first caused the NCP outbreak, Brian Lamacraft at Medium said it's time for people to'' reflect on our relationship with our plant" reconnect with this world and everything that we've been given". After all, according to US poet Gary Snyder, " Nature is not the place to visit. It's our home."
（1）Why does the author give the example of the NCP in Paragraph 2
A.Because it results from humans going against nature.
B.Because it has caused widespread suffering.
C.Because it broke out at the beginning of this year.
D.Because it is similar to another pandemic.
（2）What lesson did Daszak think human beings should learn from the NCP outbreak
A.Bats are one of the most dangerous wild animals.
B.It's impossible to prevent new pandemics globally.
C.We should stop the wildlife trade around the world.
D.Humans should live peacefully with nature.
（3）What is the main idea of Paragraph 5
A.How human beings become their own masters.
B.How human activities cause global warming.
C.How human beings break the balance of nature.
D.How humans use technology to improve their lives.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing this article
A.To reflect on the NCP outbreak.
B.To explain what led to the NCP outbreak.
C.To describe experts, predictions on new pandemics.
D.To compare ancient and modem attitudes toward nature.
二、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Natural disasters come without warning, and this underlines the need for disaster management. Natural disasters may cause death or damage crops and properties without warning. Emergency management can reduce the damage and save more lives than if there are no systems set up for disaster security (安全).
There are steps to take when you plan for a natural disaster. Here's a list of some of them:
⒈Ask your local Red Cross chapter or emergency management office for reminders of disasters and emergency management steps. ________You may also request a list of emergency steps that should be done in each type of disaster.
⒉Each community has its own set of emergency signals. ________Knowing what to do at once gives you a head start in any emergency.
⒊________Include discussions on what is likely to happen and what should be done in such cases. Plan how each one of you will react and what are the responsibilities of each one, in order to be able to work as a team.
⒋Set a meeting place in case of a natural disaster. It should be one within the vicinity (附近) of your workplace or home, and one outside your immediate vicinity. ________Agree on an emergency telephone that everyone should try to call.
⒌Prepare a disaster supply toolbox. Stock it with first aid supplies. ________Prepare emergency lights like flashlights with batteries. Include a battery-powered radio in the kit so you can listen to updates.
A. Find out what they sound like and what they mean.
B. Discuss the dangers of different types of natural disasters.
C. Try to understand why these signals sound unfamiliar to you.
D. Everyone should try to reach it when a natural disaster happens.
E. Prepare some water and food that should be enough for three days.
F. Find out any disaster management plan that your community has.
G. This is also the best time to ask what kind of disasters may likely take place.
三、 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all know how good nature can make us feel. The sound of the ocean, the smell of a forest and the way sunlight dances through ________ (leaf) help us to relax and think more clearly. The idea ________ humans own a deep biological need to connect with nature has been called "Biophilia", ________ (mean) "love of life and the living world". Yet, according to the United Nations Population Division, so far the number of us going to urban areas ________ (grow) sharply. By 2050, it is estimated that a shocking sixty-eight percent of the world's inhabitants will live in cities. Cities are wonderful places — full of ________ (excite), innovation and energy. ________ living in a city can be stressful. And the more we live in them, ________ more stress we have, leading to increases in mental illnesses ________ depression and loneliness. The good news is that the global science community continues to explain the medical benefits of nature on the brain. Through conducting research and sharing information with different organizations, new ideas are being carried out that encourage us ________ (step) out of the fast street and reconnect with nature in a ________ (rapid) changing world.
答案解析
一【答案】 （1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，提供大量的实例来说明NCP病毒的大爆发的原因，以及人类如何侵占地球、滥用地球资源，告诉人类自然不是来参观的地方，而是我们的家。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify plants, capture some wild and rare animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance.”然而，随着人类掌握更多的知识，制造更先进的工具，试图改变和侵占大自然。他们使用……，最终在这个进程中，人们与大自然失去联系，并破坏自然的平衡。通过上述内容可知，人类这些活动是违反 大自然规律的，因为这样最终引发了流行疫情的爆发，故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“On a global scale, human population density （密度），wildlife diversity, and land use change are what drive new pandemics （流 行病）”在全球范围内，人类人口密度、野生动物多样性和土地利用变化是导致新的流行病的原因。由此判断出我们应该和大自然和谐相处才是正道，故选D。
（3）考查主旨大意。根据第五段中的“However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify plants, capture some wild and rare animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance. ”然而，随着人类掌握更多的知识，制造更先进的工具，试图改变和侵占大自然。他们使用更多的土地建造房屋，转基因种植产物，捕捉野生和稀有动物来满足自己的需求。这些都说明人类是如何破坏自然的平衡的。故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“it's time for people to'' reflect on our relationship with our planet" 到了该人们反思我们和这颗星球的关系了；以及“Nature is not the place to visit. It's our home.”自然不是来参观的地方，它是我们的家。因此可以推出写作的目的是为了反思NCP疫情的爆发。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
二【答案】 G；A；B；D；E
【解析】本文这是一篇说明文，介绍了当你计划应对自然灾害时，要采取的步骤。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Ask your local Red Cross chapter or emergency management office for reminders of disasters and emergency management steps.”向当地红十字会或应急管理办公室询问灾害提醒和应急管理措施，可知，段中提及向红十字会询问灾害提醒和应急管理措施，且后文已经提及emergency steps“应急管理措施”，因此设空句需要涉及“灾害提醒”。 G.This is also the best time to ask what kind of disasters may likely take place.“这也是询问可能发生何种灾难的最佳时机”符合语境，故选G。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Each community has its own set of emergency signals.”每个社区都有自己的一套紧急信号，可知，本段主要讲述要对社区的紧急信号有所了解。A.Find out what they sound like and what they mean.“找出它们听起来像什么，它们是什么意思”为了解紧急信号的方式，符合本段主旨。故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Include discussions on what is likely to happen and what should be done in such cases.” 包括讨论在这种情况下可能会发生什么以及应该做什么，可知，B.Discuss the dangers of different types of natural disasters.“讨论不同类型的自然灾害的危险”符合语境，故选B。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“It should be one within the vicinity of your workplace or home, and one outside your immediate vicinity.”它应该是一个在你的工作场所或家附近，一个在你紧邻场所的外面，可知，设空句应是进一步解释为何选择这样的地点作为集合场。D.Everyone should try to reach it when a natural disaster happens.“当自然灾害发生时，每个人都应该设法到达它”为合理解释，符合句意。故选D。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Prepare a disaster supply toolbox.”准备一个应急工具箱，可知，在准备灾难应急箱时，水和食物应是必需品。E.Prepare some water and food that should be enough for three days.“准备一些足够三天的水和食物”符合语境，贴合主旨。故选E。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
三【答案】 leaves；that；meaning；has grown；excitement；But；the；like；to step；rapidly
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大自然会让人感觉很好。
（1）考查名词。leaf是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词，所以要用复数形式。故填leaves。
（2）考查同位语从句。分析句子，可知此处是idea的同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，所以使用无实义，只起连接作用的连接词that引导。故填that。
（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：人类有与自然连接的生理需要，这个观点被称为Biophilia，意为对生活和生存的世界的爱。句子的谓语是has been called，所以mean要用非谓语动词，与 Biophilia是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填meaning。
（4）考查时态。根据时间状语so far，要用现在完成时，the number做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has grown。
（5）考查名词。空白前面of 是介词，后面接名词，故填excitement。
（6）考查连词。句意：城市是很好的地方，充满兴奋，动力和能量。但是住在城市里是有压力的。上一句和下一句是转折关系，又在句首。故填But。
（7）考查冠词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力。the+比较级，the+比较级固定句式，“越……，就越……”。故填the。
（8）考查介词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力，会导致像抑郁和孤单这样的心理疾病的增加。like作介词时意为“像”。故填like。
（9）考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.固定短语，“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to step。
（10）考查副词。分析句子可知，空白处应填副词，用来修饰changing world，故填rapidly。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词，同位语从句，非谓语动词，时态，名词，连词，冠词以及介词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
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