Unit6 五年高考练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
（2019北京，D）
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the oceans appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz. a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing ,” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing”
And why does that matter Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “It will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organism.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
2. what does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Sensitive.
B. Beneficial.
C. Significant.
D. Unnoticeable.
3. What can we learn from the passage
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
B
（2020课标全国Ⅲ，D）
We are the products of evolution，and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes（基因），they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation（突变）that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell，a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation-not to air or to food，but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau，as these people are known number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia，Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats；in recent times they’ve also built houses on stilts（支柱）in coastal waters. They are simply a stranger to the land，said Rodney C. Jubilado，a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while g up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders , Dr. Jubilado aid .I could see them actually walking under the sea.
In 2015. Melissa Ilardo. then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
5. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin.
D. Significance of food selection.
6. Where do the Bajau build their houses
A. In valleys.
B. Near rivers.
C. On the beach.
D. Off the coast.
7. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A. They could walk on stilts all day.
B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater.
D. They lived on both land and water.
8. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea
B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic methods of Genetic Research
D. The World’s Best Divers
参考答案：
A
语篇解读: 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球气候变化影响海洋浮游植物的生长，进而使海洋颜色发生变化。作者从生态文明的视角思考气候变化的影响，呼吁人们保护生态环境。
1.B 主旨大意题。文章第一段给出了海洋颜色变化的原因，第二段具体说明了海洋颜色变化的原因在于海洋浮游植物的类型和浓度的变化。综上所述，前两段主要说明了海洋颜色变化的原因，故选B项。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据下文气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点，影响了浮游植物的生长，结合关键词 changes和 affect可综合推断出浮游植物对海洋变暖的趋势是比较敏感的，故选A项（敏感的）。B：有益的；C：重大的；D：不被注意的。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中 But in some waters…a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.可知，在更适宜浮游植物生长的地方，海洋的颜色会变得更绿，故选D项（有更多浮游植物的海洋可能看上去更绿）。
4.C 推理判断题。根据全文，尤其是中心段落第一段中the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate可知，文章的主要目的是解释气候变化对海洋尤其是其颜色的影响，故选C项。A项（评估海洋颜色变化产生的后果）、B项（分析海洋食物链的构成）和D项（介绍一种研究浮游植物的新方法）均不符合文章目的，故排除。
B
语篇解读: 本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自然，主题语境内容为人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系。文章通过列举巴瑶人由于靠海为生，逐渐变得擅长潜水的事实来说明人类的进化。本文侧重于培养学生的文化意识。
5.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为：作者想通过第一段的例子告诉我们什么？根据第一段第一句可知我们是进化的产物而且不仅仅是发生在数十亿年前的进化。故选B（人类进化的新知识）。A：养牛者对环境的适应；C：人类起源的新近发现；D：食物选择的意义。
6.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为：巴瑶人把他们的房子建在哪里？根据第二段中的 They have traditionally lived onhouseboats.in coastal waters可知，巴瑶人把房子建在沿海水域。故选择D（邻近海岸）。A：在山谷里；B：在河边；C：在海滩上。
7.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为：为什么年轻的 Jubilado对巴瑶人感到惊讶？由第三段中的 We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders 可知 C选项（他们可以在水下待很长时间）正确。A：他们可以整天在支柱上走；B：他们有一种高超的捕鱼方法；D：他们既生活在陆地上，又生活在水里。
8. A 主旨大意题。本题题干意为：这篇文章合适的题目是什么？本文主要讲述了巴瑶人因为靠海为生而导致基因变化从而可以长时间潜水。故A选项（为适应海上生活而改造的身体）正确。B：高地人的生存技能；C：遗传研究的基本方法D：世界上最好的潜水员。
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