同步课堂专练
Unit 3 War and peace
Section C Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection (重点练）
一、阅读理解
Albert Einstein has a great effect on science and history. An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook—a new view of the universe. It may be sometime before the average mind understands fully the identity of time and space and so on, but even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.
By 1914 young Einstein had been world famous. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited chances for study, but soon his peace and quiet life were broken by World War I.
Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of the war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work. In the years following World War I, honours were increasingly put on him. He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics. But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manners. He often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honoured in Germany until the rise of Nazism when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.
（1）The main idea of the first paragraph is________.
A.the difficulty of Einstein's thought to others
B.the feeling of an American university president towards Einstein
C.the difference between science and history
D.the change in human thought produced by Einstein
（2）From the second paragraph, we know Albert Einstein________.
A.enjoyed world popularity
B.became head of a school
C.was popular with his students
D.enjoyed studying wars
（3）Which of the following statements about Einstein is TRUE
A.He achieved more than other scientists in history.
B.Our ideas about the universe differ from one another because of him.
C.He kept working until peace came in 1918.
D.His research practically stopped during World War I.
（4）In the years following World War I, ________.
A.Einstein's theory was soon accepted even by ordinary people
B.more and more honours went to Einstein
C.Einstein almost had no chances for his research
D.Einstein was not honoured in Germany until the rise of Nazism
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Vietnam War broke out. The young husband joined the army and died in the war, leaving behind his wife and kids 1 great pain and sadness.
Life after the war was 2 , often without enough food to eat. People tried to 3 the wife who was still young and beautiful to remarry, but she refused and devoted her 4 life to raising her kids with the best possible care and education 5 sometimes she felt like giving up.
Time passed by and the kids were 6 . The first son moved to America and became an Engineer having a good life.
The son sent home letters 7 , together with much money for mom to 8 . However, year after year, with the many 9 , the son stubbornly refused to travel home to visit Mom.
When the mother died, the son returned and 10 a big funeral (葬礼) but people did not see him shedding tears. It seemed that he didn't really 11 the loss of his mother.
Mother 12 a box that she always placed at the top of her bed. During the funeral, the son opened the box and 13 burst out crying, held his mother's coffin (棺材) and screamed 14 , “Mom! Mom!”
Everyone looked at each other and then looked at 15 . It was full of $100 dollar bills and a piece of paper. It 16 ,“Son, My life is almost 17 . I don't spend too much money. I 18 you a lot. Every time I 19 a motorcycle passing by, I ran out of the door, 20 it wasn't my son. I saved this money for you in case (以免万一) you get sick.”
1. A. suffering B. trapping C. burying D. getting
2. A. fond B. hard C. upset D. useless
3. A. advise B. rescue C. force D. persuade
4. A. lonely B. entire C. single D. calm
5. A. even though B. as though C. because D. unless
6. A. settling down B. getting along C. growing up D. giving in
7. A. often B. hardly C. finally D. always
8. A. save B. spend C. hide D. spare
9. A. businesses B. chances C. excuses D. reasons
10. A. took B. organized C. joined D. determined
11. A. care about B. recover from C. go through D. believe in
12. A. took out B. set down C. put away D. left behind
13. A. gradually B. immediately C. frequently D. suddenly
14. A. out of control B. with excitement C. in fright D. in surprise
15. A. the box B. the son C. the money D. the letter
16. A. wrote B. read C. told D. added
17. A. in ruins B. at an end C. on the way D. down the road
18. A. forget B. thank C. miss D. prefer
19. A. noticed B. listened to C. heard D. waited for
20. A. but B. and C. or D. so
三、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost a year old, she returned with her family to England.
Florence often helped her mother deliver(运送) food to the poor and sick.________ Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.
But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could.________
In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia. Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari (now sküdar in Istanbul) and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.________ Many soldiers died before receiving help.
The doctors wouldn't listen to Florence because they didn't like the idea of women in army hospitals—until one day 500 unexpected casualties(伤亡者) arrived. ________ Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp.
When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honor. Many of the soldiers she had nursed had made contributions(捐款).Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London.
After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.________ All of this was because of the "lady with the lamp".
A.Nursing became an honored profession.
B.There was no running water and no heat.
C.She knew she had much to learn about nursing.
D.Florence saw the soldiers' health had improved.
E.As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse.
F.They soon realized that Florence knew what she was doing.
G.Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management.
参考答案
一【答案】 （1）D
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了著名科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦给人类思想带来的影响，以及他的个人经历。
（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Albert Einstein has a great effect on science and history. An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook—a new view of the universe. It may be sometime before the average mind understands fully the identity of time and space and so on, but even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.”爱因斯坦对科学和历史都有很大的影响。一位美国大学校长曾经说过，爱因斯坦创造了一种新的宇宙观。也许要过一段时间，普通人才能完全理解时间和空间等的特性，但即使如此，普通人现在也明白宇宙比以前想象的要大。可知，第一段的主要思想是爱因斯坦给人类思想带来的变化。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“By 1914 young Einstein had been world famous.”可知到1914年，年轻的爱因斯坦已经举世闻名。可知，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦享有世界声望。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of the war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.”爱因斯坦讨厌战斗和杀戮。战争带来的巨大痛苦使他深受影响，他很不高兴地坐在办公室里无所作为。他对他的研究失去了兴趣。直到1918年和平来临，他才重新开始工作。故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“In the years following World War I, honours were increasingly put on him.”在第一次世界大战之后的几年里，他受到的荣誉越来越多。在第一次世界大战后的几年里，爱因斯坦获得了越来越多的荣誉。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
二【答案】 （1）A；（2）B；（3）D；（4）B；（5）A；（6）C；（7）A；（8）B；（9）C；（10）B；（11）A；（12）D；（13）D；（14）A；（15）A；（16）B；（17）B；（18）C；（19）C；（20）A；
【解析】本文叙述了一个妻子在丈夫牺牲在战场上后，辛苦地独立抚养儿子长大。儿子后来移民到美国，他经常寄信和钱给他的母亲，但是拒绝回来看望他的母亲。后来他母亲去世了，留给他的儿子许多钱，并且写了一封信给他的儿子说，她只想看到她的儿子，不需要很多钱，把这些钱给她的儿子，以防他生病。儿子看到这些，突然哭了。
(1)句意：越南战争爆发了，年轻的丈夫参了均，在战争中牺牲了，留下遭受着巨大痛苦和悲伤的妻子和孩子们。A.suffering遭受；B.trapping困住；C.burying埋葬；D.getting得到。短语：suffer pain遭受痛苦，故答案为A。
(2)句意：战后的生活是艰苦的，经常没有足够的食物吃。A.fond喜爱；B.hard困难的；C.upset心烦意乱的；D.useless没有用的。根据后半句without fenough food可知生活艰难，故答案为B。
(3)句意：人们劝说还年轻美丽的妻子再婚。A.advise建议；B.rescue拯救；C.force强迫；D.persuade说服。短语：try to persuade sb to do=advise sb to do建议某人做某事；故答案为D。
(4)句意：但是她拒绝了，把她的一生用在抚养孩子们上。A.lonely孤独的；B.entire整个的；C.single单个的；D.calm镇定的。根据下文可知她“整个”一生都用在抚养孩子上，故答案为B。
(5)句意：虽然有时候她想要放弃。A.even though虽然；尽管；B.as though好像；C.because因为；D.unless除非。前后表示让步关系，故答案为A。
(6)句意：随着时间的推移，孩子们长大了。A.settling down定居；B.getting along进展；C.growing up长大；D.giving in屈服。根据句意，故答案为C。
(7)句意：大儿子经常给家里寄信，还有很多钱给妈妈花。A.often经常；B.hardly几乎不；C.finally最后；终于；D.always总是。根据下文可知他经常写信，故答案为A。
(8)句意：还有很多钱给妈妈花。A.save救；节省；B.spend花费；C.hide藏；D.spare抽出；此处用不定式作定语，修饰money，故答案为B。
(9)句意：然而，年复一年，有着很多借口，儿子固执地拒绝回家看妈妈。A.businesses生意；B.chances机会；C.excuses借口；D.reasons原因。此处叙述儿子为不回家找借口，故答案为C。
(10)句意：当妈妈去世的时候，儿子回来了，组织了一个盛大的葬礼，但是人们没有看见他落泪。A.took拿；带走；B.organized组织；C.joined加入；D.determined决定。故答案为B。
(11)句意：好像他并不真正在乎失去他的妈妈。A.care about关心；在乎；B.recover from从……中恢复；C.go through经历；D.believe in相信。根据句意，故答案为A。
(12)句意：妈妈留下一个她一直放在床上的盒子。A.took out取出；B.set down写下；C.put away存起来；D.left behind留下。根据句意，故答案为D。
(13)句意：在葬礼期间，儿子打开盒子，突然大哭。A.gradually逐渐地；B.immediately立即；C.frequently频繁地；D.suddenly突然。此处描写与之前儿子的冷漠对比，说明儿子的情感的急剧变化，故答案为D。
(14)句意：扶着棺材，他失控地尖叫着“妈妈！妈妈！”A.out of control失控；B.with excitement兴奋地；C.in fright惊恐地；D.in surprise惊奇地。故答案为A。
(15)句意：大家面面相觑，然后看了一下那个盒子。A.the box盒子；B.the son儿子；C.the money钱；D.the letter信。根据上文可知是盒子引起儿子的情感的巨大变化，故答案为A。
(16)句意：里面满是100美元面额的钱，还有一封信。上面写道……。A.wrote写；B.read读；C.told告诉；D.added加。表示文字内容用read或say，故答案为B。
(17)句意：“儿子，我的生命快要结束了，我没有花太多钱。”A.in ruins成为废墟；B.at an end结束；C.on the way在路上；D.down the road沿着路；这是老人的遗书，当然是在生命快要结束的时候写的，故答案为B。
(18)句意：我非常想念你。A.forget忘记；B.thank感谢；C.miss错过；想念；D.prefer偏爱。根据上文儿子从不回来看妈妈可知老人甚为想念，故答案为C。
(19)句意：每次我听到摩托车的经过的声音，我都跑出去看看，但是不是我的儿子。A.noticed注意到；B.listened to听；C.heard听见；D.waited for等候。故答案为C。
(20)句意：我都跑出去看看，但是不是我的儿子。A.but但是；B.and和；C.or或者；D.so所以。前后表示转折关系，故答案为A。
【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要读懂全文，弄清文章要表达的思想，注意文中前后段落之间的关系。答题中，一定要认真分析，注意选项与上下文的关系，与前后单词的关系。对于一 时没有太大的把握的题可以放到最后再来完成，因为有时答案可以从下文内容体现出来。答完后再通读一篇文章，看看所选选项能不能是语句通顺，语意连贯。
【答案】 E；G；B；F；A
【解析】本文是一篇人物传记类阅读，介绍了Nightingale经过多年的努力，使得护理成为了一个令人尊敬的职业。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.”她的家人感到震惊，因为护理不是一个受人尊敬的职业。该空引出下文， E.As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse. "随着Nightingale慢慢长大，她决定要当一名护士"符合语境，故选E。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could.”后来，她去了法国、德国和爱尔兰的医院，尽她所能地学习。该空承接上文， G.Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management. "回到英国后，Nightingale已经非常熟悉医院管理方面的知识"符合语境，故选G。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.”医院的地上到处躺着人，到处都是老鼠，与 B.There was no running water and no heat. "没有自来水，也没有暖气。"与之并列，描述医院的惨状，故选B。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“The doctors wouldn't listen to Florence because they didn't like the idea of women in army hospitals—until one day 500 unexpected casualties(伤亡者) arrived.”医生们不愿听从Florence的建议，因为他们不喜欢军队医院里有女性的存在——直到有一天，500名意外的伤员来到了医院；以及空后“Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for.”Florence做了一些改变，确保这些人被清洗干净，他们的伤势得到了治疗。该空承上启下， F.They soon realized that Florence knew what she was doing. "他们很快意识到Florence知道她在做什么"切题，故选F。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London”现在她可以在伦敦建立Nightingale培训学校了；以及“After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.”经过多年的努力，Florence Nightingale看到了更干净、更令人愉快的医院。可知， A.Nursing became an honored profession. "Nightingale经过多年的努力，使得护理成为了一个令人尊敬的职业"符合语境，故选A。
【点评】 本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2 / 2
